Exenatide use in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus

Pharmaceuticals

Volumn 3, Issue 8, 2010, Pages 2554-2567

  Kyriacou, Angelos ^a   Ahmed, Abu Baker ^a  

^a BLACKPOOL VICTORIA HOSPITAL   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Adverse events; Diabetes; Efficacy; Exenatide; Glycaemic control; Incretin mimetics

Indexed keywords

ANTIDIABETIC AGENT; BIPHASIC INSULIN ASPART; DIPEPTIDYL PEPTIDASE IV INHIBITOR; EXENDIN 4; GLIBENCLAMIDE; GLITAZONE DERIVATIVE; GLUCAGON LIKE PEPTIDE 1; GLUCAGON LIKE PEPTIDE 1 RECEPTOR; HEMOGLOBIN A1C; INCRETIN; INSULIN; INSULIN ASPART; INSULIN GLARGINE; ISOPHANE INSULIN; LIRAGLUTIDE; METFORMIN; PIOGLITAZONE; PLACEBO; SAXAGLIPTIN; SITAGLIPTIN; SULFONYLUREA DERIVATIVE; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG; VILDAGLIPTIN;

ADD ON THERAPY; ADJUVANT THERAPY; CLINICAL TRIAL; DIARRHEA; DIET RESTRICTION; DOSE KIDNEY FUNCTION RELATION; DOSE RESPONSE; DRUG BLOOD LEVEL; DRUG CONTRAINDICATION; DRUG COST; DRUG DOSAGE FORM COMPARISON; DRUG DOSE TITRATION; DRUG EFFICACY; DRUG HALF LIFE; DRUG MECHANISM; DRUG SAFETY; DRUG TREATMENT FAILURE; EVENING DOSAGE; GASTROINTESTINAL SYMPTOM; GLYCEMIC CONTROL; HUMAN; HYPERGLYCEMIA; HYPOGLYCEMIA; INSULIN RELEASE; MONOTHERAPY; MORNING DOSAGE; NAUSEA; NON INSULIN DEPENDENT DIABETES MELLITUS; PANCREAS ISLET BETA CELL; REVIEW; TREATMENT OUTCOME; VOMITING;

EID: 77957259045     PISSN: None     EISSN: 14248247     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3390/ph3082554     Document Type: Review

References (46)

1. McIntyre, N.; Holdsworth, C.D.; Turner, D.S. New incorporation of oral glucose tolerance. Lancet 1964, ii, 20-21.
2. Hinnen, D.; Nielsen, L.L.; Waninger, A.; Kushner, P. Incretin mimetics and DPP-IV inhibitors: New paradigms for the treatment of T2DM. JABFM 2006, 19, 612-620.
3. Crautzfeldt, W.; Ebert, R.; Nauck, M.; Stockmann, F. Disturbances of the entero-insular axis. Scand. J. Gastroenterol. Suppl. 1983, 82, 111-119.
4. Hui, H.; Wright, C.; Perfetti, R. Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 induces differentiation of islet duodenal homeobox-1-1positive pancreatic ductal cells into insulin-secreting cells. Diabetes 2001, 50, 785-796.
5. Nauck, M.; Stockman, F.; Ebert, R.; Creutzfeldt, W. Reduced incretin effect in type-2 diabetes. Diabetologia 1986, 29, 46-52.
6. Visboll, T.; Kraup, T.; Deacon, C.F.; Madsbad, S.; Holst, J.J. Reduced postprandial concentrations of intact biologically active glucagon-like peptide-1 in type-2 diabetes. Diabetes 2001, 50, 609-613.
7. Knop, F.K.; Visboll, T.; Madsbad, S.; Holst, J.J.; Kraup, T. Inappropriate suppression of glucagons during OGTT but not during isoglycemic iv glucose infusion contributes to the reduced incretin effect in type-2 diabetes mellitus. Diabetologia 2007, 50, 797-805.
8. Drucker, D.J.; Nauck, M.A. The incretin system: Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist and dipeptyde peptidase-4-inhibitors in T2DM. Lancet 2006, 368, 1698-1705.
9. Kolterman, O.G.; Buse, J.B.; Fineman, M.S.; Gaines, E.; Heintz, S.; Bicsak, T.A.; Taylor, K.; Kim, D.; Aisporna, M.; Wang, Y.; Baron, A.D. Synthetic exendin-4 (exenatide) significantly reduces postprandial and fasting plasma glucose in subjects with T2DM. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 2003, 88, 3082-3089.
10. Nielsen, L.L.; Young, A.A.; Parkes, D.G. Pharmacology of exenatide (synthetic exendin-4): A potential therapeutic for improves glycemic control of T2DM. Regul. Pept. 2004, 117, 77-88.
11. NICE (National Institute of Clinical Excellence) short clinical guideline 87. CG87 Type 2 diabetes - newer agents (a partial update of CG66). NICE: London, UK, 2010; http://www.nice.org.uk/nicemedia/live/12165/44318/44318.pdf/, accessed on 11 August 2010.
12. DeFronzo, R.A.; Ratner, R.E.; Han, J.; Kim, D.D.; Fineman, M.S.; Baron, A.D. Effects of exenatide (Exenndin-4) on glycaemic control over 30 weeks in metformin-treated patients with T2DM. Diabetes Care 2005, 28, 1092-1100.
13. Buse, J.B.; Henry, R.R.; Han, J.; Kim, D.D.; Fineman, M.S.; Baron, A.D. For the Exenatide-113 Clinical Study Group. Effect of exenatide (Exenndin-4) on glycaemic control over 30 weeks in sulphonylurea treated patients with T2DM. Diabetes Care 2004, 27, 2628-2635.
14. Kendal, D.M.; Riddle, M.C.; Rodenstock, J.; Zhuang, D.; Kim, D.; Fineman, M.S.; Baron, A.D. Effects of exenatide on glycaemic control over 30 weeks in patients with T2DM treated with metformin and a sulphonylurea. Diabetes Care 2005, 28, 1083-1091.
15. Ratner, R.E.; Maggs, D.; Nielsen, L.L. Stonehouse, A.H.; Poon, T.; Zhang, B.; Bicsak, T.A.; Brodows, R.G.; Kim, D.D. Long-term effects of exenatide therapy over 82 weeks on glycaemic control and weight in over-weight metformin-treated patients with T2DM. Diabetes Obes. Metab. 2006, 8, 419-428.
16. Schwartz, S. Targeting the pathophysiology of type-2 diabeets: rationale for combination therapy with pioglitazone and exenatide. Curr. Med. Res. Opin. 2008, 24, 3009-3022.
17. Zinman, B.; Hoogwerf, B.J.; Duran Garcia, S.; Milton, D.R.; Giaconia, J.M.; Kim, D.D.; Trautmann, M.E.; Brodows, R.G. The effect of adding exenatide to thiazolidionedione in suboptimally controlled type-2 diabetes: A randomized trial. Ann. Intern. Med. 2007, 146, 477-485
18. Pinelli, N.R.; Cha, R.; Brown, M.B.; Jaber, L.A. Addition of thiazolidinedione or exenatide to oral agents I type-2 diabetes: A metanalysis. Ann. Pharmacother. 2008, 42, 15441-15551.
19. DeFronzo, R.A.; Okerson, T.; Viswanathan, P.; Guan, X.; Holcombe, J.H.; MacConell, L. Effects of exenatide versus sitagliptin on postprandial glucose, insulin and glucagon secretion, gastric emptying, and caloric intake: A randomized, cross-over study. Curr. Med. Res. Opin. 2008, 24, 2943-2952
20. Large, M.J.; Fabunmi, R.; Boye, K.S.; Misurski, D.A. Comparison of costs among patients with T2DM treated with exenatide or sitagliptin therapy. Adv. Ther. 2009, 26, 217-229.
21. Heine, R.J.; Van Gaal, L.F.; Johns, D.; Mihm, M.J.; Widel, M.H.; Brodows, R.G.; GWAA Study Group. Exenatide versus insulin glargine in patients with suboptimally controlled T2DM: A randomized trial. Ann. Intern. Med. 2005, 18,143, 559-569.
22. Davies, M.J.; Donnelly, R.; Barnett, A.H.; Jones, S.; Nikolav, C.; Kilcoyne, A. Exenatide compared with long-acting insulin to achieve glycaemic control with minimal weight gain in patients with T2DM: Results of the helping evaluate exenatide in patients with diabetes compared with long-acting insulin (HEELA) study. Diabetes Obes. Metab. 2009, 11, 1153-1162.
23. McCall, A.L.; Cox, D.J.; Brodows, R.; Crean, J.; Johns, D.; Kovatchev, B. Reduced daily risk of glycaemic variability: Comparison of exenatide with insulin glargine. Diabetes Technol. Ther. 2009, 11, 339-344.
24. Bunck, M.C.; Diamant, M.; Corner, A.; Eliasson, B.; Malloy, J.L.; Shaginian, R.M.; Deng, W.; Kendal, D.M.; Taskinen, M.R.; Smith, U.; Yki-Jarvinen, H.; Heine, R.J. One-year treatment with exenatide improves beta-cell function, compared with insulin glargine, in metformin-treated type 2 diabetic patients: A randomized, controlled trial. Diabetes Care 2009, 32, 762-768.
25. Bergenstal, R.; Lewin, A.; Bailey, T.; Chang, D.; Gylvin, T.; Roberts, V. Efficacy and safety of biphasic insulin aspart 70/30 versus exenatide in subjects with T2DM failing to achieve glycaemic control with metformin and a sulphonylurea. Curr. Med. Red. Opin. 2009, 25, 65-75.
26. Cvekovic, R.S.; Plosker, G.L. Exenatide: A review of its use in patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus (as an adjunct to metformin and/or suphonylurea). Drugs 2007, 67, 935-954.
27. Galss, L.C.; Qu, Y.; Lenox, S.; Kim, D.; Gates, J.R.; Brodows, R.; Trautmann, M.; Bergenstal, R.M. Effects of exenatide versus insulin analogues on weight changes in in subject with type-2 diabetes: A pooled post-hoc analysis. Curr. Med. Res. Opin. 2008, 24, 639-644.
28. Viswanathan, P.; Chaudri, A.; Bhatia, R.; Al-Atrash F; Mohanty P; Dandona P. Exenatide therapy in obese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus treated with insulin. Endocr. Pract. 2007, 13, 444-450.
29. Navak, U.A.; Govindan, J.; Baskar, V.; Kalupahana, D.; Singh, B.M. Exenatide therapy in insulin-treated type 2 diabetes and obesity. QJM 2010, doi:10.1093/qjmed/hcq112.
30. Bhatia, R.; Viswanathan, P.; Chaudhuri, A. Exenatide causes weight loss and a reduction in the insulin dose along with an improvement in HbA1c in obese type 2 diabetics on insulin. (Abstract). Diabetes 2006, 55, A105.
31. Davis, S.N.; Johns, D.; Maggs, D.; Xu, H.; Northrup, J.H.; Brodows, R.G. Exploring the substitution of exenatide for insulin in patients with type 2 diabetes treated with insulin in combination with oral antidiabetes agents. Diabetes Care 2007, 30, 2767-2772.
32. Yoon, N.M.; Cavaghan, M.K.; Brunelle, R.L.; Roach, P. Exenatide added to insulin therapy: A retrospective review of clinical practice over two years in an academic endocrinology setting. Clin. Ther. 2009, 31, 1511-1523
33. Kim, D.; MacConell, L.; Zhuang, D.; Kothare, P.A.; Trautmann, M.; Fineman, M.; Taylor, K. Effect of once weekly dosing of a long-acting formulation exenatide on glucose control and body weight in subject with T2DM. Diabetes Care 2007, 30, 1487-1493.
34. Drucker, D.J.; Buse, J.B.; Taylor, K.; Kendall, D.M.; Trautmann, M.; Zhuang, D.; Porter, L. DURATION-1 Study Group. Exenatide once weekly results in significant greater improvements in glycaemic control compared to exenatide twice daily in patients with T2DM. Lancet 2008, 372, 1240-1250.
35. Buse, J.B.; Rosenstock, J.; Sesti, G.; Schmidt, W.E.; Montanya, E.; Brett, J.H.; Zychma, M.; Blonde, L. LEAD-6 Study Group. Liraglutide once a day versus exenatide twice a day for T2DM: A 26-week randomised, parallel-group, multinational, open-label trial (LEAD-6). Lancet 2009, 374, 39-47.
36. Nelson, P.; Poon, T.; Guan, X.; Schnabel, C.; Wintle, M.; Fineman, M. The incretin mimetic exenatide as monotherapy in patients with type-2 diabetes. Diabetes Technol. Ther. 2007, 9, 317-326.
37. Moretto, T.J.; Milton, D.R.; Ridge, T.D.; Macoconell, L.A.; Okerson, T.; Wolka, A.M.; Brodows, R.G. Efficacy and tolerability of exenatide monotherapy over 24 weeks in antidiabetic drug-naïve patients with T2DM: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel group study. Clint. Ther. 2008, 30, 1448-1460.
38. Tripathy, N.R.; Basha, S.; Jain, R.; Shetty, S.; Ramachandran, A. Exenatide and acute pancreatitis. J. Assoc. Physicians India 2008, 56, 987-988.
39. Dore, D.D.; Seeger, J.D.; Arnold, C.K. Use of a claims-based active drug safety surveillance system to assess the risk of acute pancreatitis with exenatide or sitagliptin compared to metformin or glyburide. Curr. Med. Res. Opin. 2009, 25, 1019-1027.
40. Linnebjerg, H.; Kothare, P.A.; Park, S.; Mace, K.; Reddy, S.; Mitchell, M.; Lins, R. Effect of renal impairment on the pharmacokinetics of exenatide. Brit. J. Clin. Pharmacol. 2007, 64, 317-327.
41. Brooks, A.M.S.; Lissett, C.A. A dramatic deterioration in diabetic retinopathy with improvement in glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) on exenatide treatment. Diabet Med. 2009, 26, 190.
42. Bunck, M.C.; Diamant, M.; Cornér, A.; Eliasson, B.; Malloy, J.L.; Shaginian, R.M.; Deng, W.; Kendall, D.M.; Taskinen, M.R.; Smith, U.; Yki-Järvinen, H.; Heine, R.J. One-year treatment with exenatide improves beta-cell function, compared with insulin glargine, in metformin-treated type 2 diabetic patients: A randomized, controlled trial. Diabetes Care 2009, 32, 762-768.
43. Klonoff, D.C.; Buse, J.B.; Nielsen, L.L.; Guan, X.; Bowlus, C.L.; Holcombe, J.H.; Wintle, M.E.; Maggs, D.G. Exenatide effects on diabetes, obesity, cardiovascular risk factors and hepatic biomarkers in patients with T2DM treated for at least 3 years. Curr. Med. Res. Opin. 2008, 24, 275-286.
44. DECODE Study Group. European Diabetes Epidemiology Group. Diabetes Epidemiology: Collaborative analysis Of Diagnostic criteria in Europe (DECODE). Glucose tolerance and mortality: Comparison of WHO and American Diabetes Association diagnostic criteria. Lancet. 1999, 354, 617-621.
45. Schwartz, S.; Kohl, B.A. Type 2 diabetes mellitus and the cardiometabolic syndrome: Impact of incretin-based therapies. Diabetes Metab. Syndr. Obes. Targets Ther. 2010, 3, 227-242.
46. Ranta, F.; Avram, D.; Berchtold, S.; Dufer, M.; Drews, G.; Lang, F.; Ullrich, S. Dexamethasone induces cell death in insulin-secreting cells, an effect reversed by exendin-4. Diabetes 2006, 55, 1380-1390.