메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 37, Issue 4, 2010, Pages 365-405

Lumping of physiologically-based pharmacokinetic models and a mechanistic derivation of classical compartmental models

Author keywords

Classical model; Compartment PK model; Mechanistic lumping; Minimal lumped model; PBPK; Physiologically based pharmacokinetics; Transfer of knowledge; Volume of distribution

Indexed keywords

ALPRAZOLAM; AMITRIPTYLINE; AMOBARBITAL; BARBITURIC ACID DERIVATIVE; CAFFEINE; DESIPRAMINE; DIAZEPAM; DICLOFENAC; DILTIAZEM; DIPHENHYDRAMINE; FLUNITRAZEPAM; HEXOBARBITAL; IBUPROFEN; IMIPRAMINE; LIDOCAINE; METHOHEXITAL; METOPROLOL; MIDAZOLAM; PINDOLOL; SILDENAFIL; THEOPHYLLINE; THIOPENTAL; TOLBUTAMIDE; TRIAZOLAM; VALPROIC ACID; WARFARIN;

EID: 77956617346     PISSN: 1567567X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s10928-010-9165-1     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (53)

References (49)
  • 5
    • 28844477024 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Development and application of physiologically based pharmacokinetic- modeling tools to support drug discovery
    • DOI 10.1002/cbdv.200590119
    • C Lüpfert A Reichel 2005 Development and application of physiologically based pharmacokinetic modeling toos to support drug discovery Chem Biodivers 2 1462 1486 10.1002/cbdv.200590119 17191947 (Pubitemid 41762899)
    • (2005) Chemistry and Biodiversity , vol.2 , Issue.11 , pp. 1462-1486
    • Lupfert, C.1    Reichel, A.2
  • 6
    • 33646124969 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A novel strategy for physiologically based predictions of human pharmacokinetics
    • 10.2165/00003088-200645050-00006 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD28Xlt1Kgsbo%3D 16640456
    • HM Jones N Parrott K Jorga T Lavé 2006 A novel strategy for physiologically based predictions of human pharmacokinetics Clin Pharmacokinet 45 511 542 10.2165/00003088-200645050-00006 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD28Xlt1Kgsbo%3D 16640456
    • (2006) Clin Pharmacokinet , vol.45 , pp. 511-542
    • Jones, H.M.1    Parrott, N.2    Jorga, K.3    Lavé, T.4
  • 7
    • 0037452445 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Utility of physiologically based pharmacokinetic models to drug development and rational drug discovery candidate selection
    • DOI 10.1016/S0378-4274(02)00374-0, PII S0378427402003740
    • FP Theil TW Guentert S Haddad P Poulin 2003 Utility of physiologically based pharmacokinetic models to drug development and rational drug discovery candidate selection Toxicol Lett 138 29 49 10.1016/S0378-4274(02)00374-0 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3sXmsVGgtA%3D%3D 12559691 (Pubitemid 36142054)
    • (2003) Toxicology Letters , vol.138 , Issue.1-2 , pp. 29-49
    • Theil, F.-P.1    Guentert, T.W.2    Haddad, S.3    Poulin, P.4
  • 8
    • 21744457064 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Erratum: Physiology-based pharmacokinetic modeling: Ready to be used (Drug Discovery Today: Technologies 10.1016/j.ddtec.2004.09.006)
    • DOI 10.1016/j.ddtec.2005.01.001, PII S1740674905000028
    • W Schmitt S Willmann 2005 Physiology-based pharmacokinetic modeling: ready to be used Drug Discov Today 2 125 132 10.1016/j.ddtec.2005.01.001 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2MXhtFyhs7rL (Pubitemid 40946318)
    • (2005) Drug Discovery Today: Technologies , vol.2 , Issue.1 , pp. 125-132
    • Schmitt, W.1    Willmann, S.2
  • 9
    • 65549096369 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modelling and PBPK simulation in drug discovery
    • 10.1208/s12248-009-9088-1 19280352
    • HM Jones IB Gardner KJ Watson 2009 Modelling and PBPK simulation in drug discovery AAPS J 11 155 166 10.1208/s12248-009-9088-1 19280352
    • (2009) AAPS J , vol.11 , pp. 155-166
    • Jones, H.M.1    Gardner, I.B.2    Watson, K.J.3
  • 11
    • 0031661419 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lumping of whole-body physiologcally based pharmacokinetic models
    • 10.1023/A:1023272707390 1:CAS:528:DyaK1cXmsVGqu7s%3D
    • IA Nestorov LJ Aarons PA Arundel M Rowland 1998 Lumping of whole-body physiologcally based pharmacokinetic models J Pharmacokinet Pharmacodyn 26 21 46 10.1023/A:1023272707390 1:CAS:528:DyaK1cXmsVGqu7s%3D
    • (1998) J Pharmacokinet Pharmacodyn , vol.26 , pp. 21-46
    • Nestorov, I.A.1    Aarons, L.J.2    Arundel, P.A.3    Rowland, M.4
  • 13
    • 33645877095 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reducing whole body physiologically based pharmacokinetic models using global sensitivity analysis: Diazepam case study
    • 10.1007/s10928-005-0004-8 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD28XjsFSlsr4%3D 16369700
    • I Gueorguieva IA Nestorov M Rowland 2006 Reducing whole body physiologically based pharmacokinetic models using global sensitivity analysis: diazepam case study J Pharmacokinet Pharmacodyn 33 1 27 10.1007/s10928-005-0004- 8 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD28XjsFSlsr4%3D 16369700
    • (2006) J Pharmacokinet Pharmacodyn , vol.33 , pp. 1-27
    • Gueorguieva, I.1    Nestorov, I.A.2    Rowland, M.3
  • 14
    • 0242361720 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reduction and Lumping of Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Models: Prediction of the Disposition of Fentanyl and Pethidine in Humans by Successively Simplified Models
    • DOI 10.1023/A:1026194618660
    • S Björkman 2003 Reduction and lumping of physiologically based pharmacokinetic models: prediction of the disposition of fentanyl and pethidine in human by successively simplified models J Pharmacokinet Pharmacodyn 30 285 307 10.1023/A:1026194618660 14650375 (Pubitemid 37352524)
    • (2003) Journal of Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics , vol.30 , Issue.4 , pp. 285-307
    • Bjorkman, S.1
  • 15
    • 21344469211 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Physiologically based pharmacokinetic modeling 1: Predicting the tissue distribution of moderate-to-strong bases
    • DOI 10.1002/jps.20322
    • T Rodgers D Leahy M Rowland 2005 Physiologically based pharmacokinetic modeling 1: predicting the tissue distribution of moderate-to-strong bases J Pharm Sci 94 1259 1276 10.1002/jps.20322 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2MXkvF2qtLs%3D 15858854 (Pubitemid 40904190)
    • (2005) Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences , vol.94 , Issue.6 , pp. 1259-1276
    • Rodgers, T.1    Leahy, D.2    Rowland, M.3
  • 16
    • 36849085422 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Erratum: Physiologically based pharmacokinetic modeling 1: Predicting the tissue distribution of moderate-to-strong bases (Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences (2005) 94, (1259-1276))
    • DOI 10.1002/jps.20856
    • T Rodgers D Leahy M Rowland 2007 Errata: Physiologically based pharmacokinetic modeling 1: predicting the tissue distribution of moderate-to-strong bases J Pharm Sci 96 3151 3152 10.1002/jps.20856 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2sXht12jtrvK (Pubitemid 350221210)
    • (2007) Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences , vol.96 , Issue.11 , pp. 3151-3152
    • Rodgers, T.1    Leahy, D.2    Rowland, M.3
  • 17
    • 33745055239 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Physiologically based pharmacokinetic modelling 2: Predicting the tissue distribution of acids, very weak bases, neutrals and zwitterions
    • 10.1002/jps.20502
    • T Rodgers M Rowland 2005 Physiologically based pharmacokinetic modelling 2: predicting the tissue distribution of acids, very weak bases, neutrals and zwitterions J Pharm Sci 95 1238 1257 10.1002/jps.20502
    • (2005) J Pharm Sci , vol.95 , pp. 1238-1257
    • Rodgers, T.1    Rowland, M.2
  • 18
    • 36849079375 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Erratum: Physiologically-based pharmacokinetic modeling 2: Predicting the tissue distribution of acids, very weak bases, neutrals and zwitterions (Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences (2006) 95, (1238-1257))
    • DOI 10.1002/jps.20857
    • T Rodgers M Rowland 2007 Errata: physiologically based pharmacokinetic modelling 2: predicting the tissue distribution of acids, very weak bases, neutrals and zwitterions J Pharm Sci 96 3153 3154 10.1002/jps.20857 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2sXht12jtrvE (Pubitemid 350221211)
    • (2007) Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences , vol.96 , Issue.11 , pp. 3153-3154
    • Rodgers, T.1    Rowland, M.2
  • 19
    • 0020963903 scopus 로고
    • Physiologically based pharmacokinetic modeling: Principles and application
    • 10.1002/jps.2600721003 1:CAS:528:DyaL3sXlvVKrtrc%3D 6358460
    • LE Gerlowski RK Jain 1983 Physiologically based pharmacokinetic modeling: principles and application J Pharm Sci 72 1103 1127 10.1002/jps.2600721003 1:CAS:528:DyaL3sXlvVKrtrc%3D 6358460
    • (1983) J Pharm Sci , vol.72 , pp. 1103-1127
    • Gerlowski, L.E.1    Jain, R.K.2
  • 20
    • 0042161645 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Whole body pharmacokinetic models
    • DOI 10.2165/00003088-200342100-00002
    • IA Nestorov 2003 Whole body pharmacokinetic models Clin Pharmacokinet 42 883 908 10.2165/00003088-200342100-00002 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3sXntlKhsr4%3D 12885263 (Pubitemid 36995260)
    • (2003) Clinical Pharmacokinetics , vol.42 , Issue.10 , pp. 883-908
    • Nestorov, I.1
  • 22
    • 34249905607 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Development of a physiology-based whole-body population model for assessing the influence of individual variability on the pharmacokinetics of drugs
    • DOI 10.1007/s10928-007-9053-5
    • S Willmann K Höhn A Edginton M Sevestre J Solodenko W Weiss J Lippert W Schmitt 2007 Development of a physiologically-based whole-body population model for assessing the influence of individual variability on the pharmacokinetics of drugs J Pharmacokinet Pharmacodyn 34 401 431 10.1007/s10928-007-9053-5 17431751 (Pubitemid 46873033)
    • (2007) Journal of Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics , vol.34 , Issue.3 , pp. 401-431
    • Willmann, S.1    Hohn, K.2    Edginton, A.3    Sevestre, M.4    Solodenko, J.5    Weiss, W.6    Lippert, J.7    Schmitt, W.8
  • 24
    • 71649089269 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Development of a novel method for predicting human volume of distribution at steady-state of basic drugs and comparative assessment with existing methods
    • P Poulin FP Theil 2009 Development of a novel method for predicting human volume of distribution at steady-state of basic drugs and comparative assessment with existing methods J Pharm Sci 9999 1 29
    • (2009) J Pharm Sci , vol.9999 , pp. 1-29
    • Poulin, P.1    Theil, F.P.2
  • 25
    • 0032733974 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prediction of human clearance of twenty-nine drugs from hepatic microsomal intrinsic clearance data: An examination of in vitro half-life approach and nonspecific binding to microsomes
    • 1:CAS:528:DyaK1MXntFSht7c%3D 10534321
    • RS Obach 1999 Prediction of human clearance of twenty-nine drugs from hepatic microsomal intrinsic clearance data: an examination of in vitro half-life approach and nonspecific binding to microsomes Drug Metab Dispos 27 1350 1359 1:CAS:528:DyaK1MXntFSht7c%3D 10534321
    • (1999) Drug Metab Dispos , vol.27 , pp. 1350-1359
    • Obach, R.S.1
  • 26
    • 23944451585 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A unified model for predicting human hepatic, metabolic clearance from in vitro intrinsic clearance data in hepatocytes and microsomes
    • DOI 10.1124/dmd.105.004259
    • RJ Riley DF McGinnity RP Austin 2005 A unified model for predicting human hepatic, metabolic clearance from in vitro intrinsic clearance data in hepatocytes and microsomes Drug Metab Dispos 33 1304 1311 10.1124/dmd.105.004259 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2MXpsFamt74%3D 15932954 (Pubitemid 41196973)
    • (2005) Drug Metabolism and Disposition , vol.33 , Issue.9 , pp. 1304-1311
    • Riley, R.J.1    McGinnity, D.F.2    Austin, R.P.3
  • 27
    • 34247556082 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mechanistic approaches to volume of distribution predictions: Understanding the processes
    • DOI 10.1007/s11095-006-9210-3
    • T Rodgers M Rowland 2007 Mechanistic approaches to volume of distribution predictions: understanding the process Pharm Res 24 918 933 10.1007/s11095-006-9210-3 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2sXkslWgt7c%3D 17372687 (Pubitemid 46675393)
    • (2007) Pharmaceutical Research , vol.24 , Issue.5 , pp. 918-933
    • Rodgers, T.1    Rowland, M.2
  • 28
    • 4143108324 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Substrate depletion approach for determining in vitro metabolic clearance: Time dependencies in hepatocyte and microsomal incubations
    • DOI 10.1124/dmd.104.000125
    • HM Jones JB Houston 2004 Substrate depletion approach for determining in vitro metabolic clearance: time dependencies in hepatocyte and microsomal incubations Drug Metab Dispos 32 973 982 10.1124/dmd.104.000125 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2cXnsVegtLc%3D 15319339 (Pubitemid 39096058)
    • (2004) Drug Metabolism and Disposition , vol.32 , Issue.9 , pp. 973-982
    • Jones, H.M.1    Houston, J.B.2
  • 29
    • 77956610388 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • DrugBank (2010) Diclofenac. http://drugbank.ca/drugs/DB00586
    • (2010) Diclofenac
  • 30
    • 77956616369 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • DrugBank (2010) Warfarin. http://www.drugbank.ca/drugs/DB00682
    • (2010) Warfarin
  • 31
    • 0020120947 scopus 로고
    • Thiopental disposition in lean and obese patients undergoing surgery
    • 10.1097/00000542-198204000-00007 1:STN:280:DyaL387lvValuw%3D%3D 7065435
    • D Jung M Mayersohn D Perrier J Calkins R Saunders 1982 Thiopental disposition in lean and obese patients undergoing surgery Anesthesiology 56 269 274 10.1097/00000542-198204000-00007 1:STN:280:DyaL387lvValuw%3D%3D 7065435
    • (1982) Anesthesiology , vol.56 , pp. 269-274
    • Jung, D.1    Mayersohn, M.2    Perrier, D.3    Calkins, J.4    Saunders, R.5
  • 32
    • 0030876095 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Population pharmacokinetics of high-dose thiopental in patients with cerebral injuries
    • DOI 10.1016/S0009-9236(97)90147-8
    • H Russo N Simon MP Duboin S Urien 1997 Population pharmacokinetics of high-dose thiopental in patients with cerebral injuries Clin Pharmacol Ther 62 15 20 10.1016/S0009-9236(97)90147-8 1:CAS:528:DyaK2sXlsFWls78%3D 9246015 (Pubitemid 27327095)
    • (1997) Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics , vol.62 , Issue.1 , pp. 15-20
    • Russo, H.1    Simon, N.2    Duboin, M.-P.3    Urien, S.4
  • 33
    • 0017837845 scopus 로고
    • Serum protein binding and pharmacokinetics of valproate in man, dog, rat and mouse
    • 340640
    • W Löscher 1978 Serum protein binding and pharmacokinetics of valproate in man, dog, rat and mouse J Pharmacol Exp Ther 204 255 261 340640
    • (1978) J Pharmacol Exp Ther , vol.204 , pp. 255-261
    • Löscher, W.1
  • 34
    • 77956619499 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Food and Drug Administration
    • Food and Drug Administration (2004) Approval letter: Lidocaine
    • (2004) Approval Letter: Lidocaine
  • 35
    • 0031442434 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quantitative structure-pharmacokinetics relationships: I. Development of a whole-body physiologically based model to characterize changes in pharmacokinetics across a homologous series of barbiturates in the rat
    • DOI 10.1023/A:1025771608474
    • GE Blakey IA Nestorov PA Arundel LJ Aarons M Rowland 1997 Quantitative structure pharmacokinetics relationship I: development of a whole-body physiologically based pharmacokinetic model to characterize changes in pharmacokinetics across a homologous series of barbiturates in the rat J Pharmacokinet Biopharm 25 277 312 10.1023/A:1025771608474 1:CAS:528: DyaK1cXptlGgtA%3D%3D 9474530 (Pubitemid 28045711)
    • (1997) Journal of Pharmacokinetics and Biopharmaceutics , vol.25 , Issue.3 , pp. 277-312
    • Blakey, G.E.1    Nestorov, I.A.2    Arundel, P.A.3    Aarons, L.J.4    Rowland, M.5
  • 36
    • 36448997752 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Physiologically based pharmacokinetic modelling: A sub-compartmentalized model of tissue distribution
    • DOI 10.1007/s10928-007-9071-3
    • M von Kleist W Huisinga 2007 Physiologically based pharmacokinetic modelling: a sub-compartmentalized model of tissue distribution J Pharmacokinet Pharmacodyn 34 789 806 10.1007/s10928-007-9071-3 (Pubitemid 350165276)
    • (2007) Journal of Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics , vol.34 , Issue.6 , pp. 789-806
    • Von Kleist, M.1    Huisinga, W.2
  • 37
    • 0014819769 scopus 로고
    • Oral absorption and disposition kinetics of lidocaine hydrochloride in dogs
    • 1:CAS:528:DyaE3cXks1Cmt7w%3D 5424701
    • RN Boyes HJ Adams BR Duce 1970 Oral absorption and disposition kinetics of lidocaine hydrochloride in dogs J Pharmacol Exp Ther 174 1 8 1:CAS:528:DyaE3cXks1Cmt7w%3D 5424701
    • (1970) J Pharmacol Exp Ther , vol.174 , pp. 1-8
    • Boyes, R.N.1    Adams, H.J.2    Duce, B.R.3
  • 38
    • 0016300223 scopus 로고
    • The effect of atropine on the oral absorption of lidocaine in man
    • 10.1007/BF00558214 1:CAS:528:DyaE2MXktVSrt7s%3D 4278602
    • KK Adjepon-Yamoah DB Scott LF Prescott 1974 The effect of atropine on the oral absorption of lidocaine in man Eur J Clin Pharmacol 7 397 400 10.1007/BF00558214 1:CAS:528:DyaE2MXktVSrt7s%3D 4278602
    • (1974) Eur J Clin Pharmacol , vol.7 , pp. 397-400
    • Adjepon-Yamoah, K.K.1    Scott, D.B.2    Prescott, L.F.3
  • 39
    • 2642536176 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Volume of distribution at steady state for a linear pharmacokinetic system with peripheral elimination
    • DOI 10.1002/jps.20073
    • LM Berezhkovskiy 2004 Volume of distribution at steady state for a linear pharmacokinetic system with peripheral elimination J Pharm Sci 93 1628 1640 10.1002/jps.20073 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2cXks12hsrY%3D 15124219 (Pubitemid 38725033)
    • (2004) Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences , vol.93 , Issue.6 , pp. 1628-1640
    • Berezhkovskiy, L.M.1
  • 40
    • 38349116925 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On the volume of distribution at steady state and its relationship with two-compartmental models
    • 10.1002/jps.21089 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1cXkslOrtg%3D%3D 17705153
    • JWT Yates PA Arundel 2008 On the volume of distribution at steady state and its relationship with two-compartmental models J Pharm Sci 97 111 122 10.1002/jps.21089 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1cXkslOrtg%3D%3D 17705153
    • (2008) J Pharm Sci , vol.97 , pp. 111-122
    • Yates, J.W.T.1    Arundel, P.A.2
  • 41
    • 0020620676 scopus 로고
    • Pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of midazolam in man
    • 1:CAS:528:DyaL3sXlsFWlu7g%3D
    • P Heizmann M Eckert WH Ziegler 1983 Pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of midazolam in man Br J Clin Pharmacol 16 43 49 1:CAS:528:DyaL3sXlsFWlu7g%3D
    • (1983) Br J Clin Pharmacol , vol.16 , pp. 43-49
    • Heizmann, P.1    Eckert, M.2    Ziegler, W.H.3
  • 42
    • 0032407252 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Population pharmacokinetics of midazolam administered by target controlled infusion for sedation following coronary artery bypass grafting
    • DOI 10.1097/00000542-199812000-00020
    • K Zomorodi A Donner J Somma J Barr R Sladen J Ramsay E Geller SL Shafer 1998 Population pharmacodynamics of midazolam administered by target controlled infusion for sedation following coronary artery bypass grafting Anesthesiology 89 1418 1429 10.1097/00000542-199812000-00020 1:CAS:528:DyaK1MXhtl2huw%3D%3D 9856717 (Pubitemid 29001581)
    • (1998) Anesthesiology , vol.89 , Issue.6 , pp. 1418-1429
    • Zomorodi, K.1    Donner, A.2    Somma, J.3    Barr, J.4    Sladen, R.5    Ramsay, J.6    Geller, E.7    Shafer, S.L.8
  • 43
    • 1242306688 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparative population pharmacokinetics of lorazepam and midazolam during long-term continuous infusion in critically ill patients
    • 10.1046/j.1365-2125.2003.01957.x
    • EL Swart KP Zuideveld J de Jongh M Danhof LG Thijs RMJS van Schijndel 2003 Comparative population pharmacokinetics of lorazepam and midazolam during long-term continuous infusion in critically ill patients Br J Clin Pharmacol 57 135 145 10.1046/j.1365-2125.2003.01957.x
    • (2003) Br J Clin Pharmacol , vol.57 , pp. 135-145
    • Swart, E.L.1    Zuideveld, K.P.2    De Jongh, J.3    Danhof, M.4    Thijs, L.G.5    Van Schijndel Rmjs6
  • 44
    • 0025232491 scopus 로고
    • Population pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of thiopental: The effect of age revisited
    • 10.1097/00000542-199003000-00003
    • DR Stanski PO Maitre 1990 Population pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of thiopental: the effect of age revisited Anesthesiology 72 399 402 10.1097/00000542-199003000-00003
    • (1990) Anesthesiology , vol.72 , pp. 399-402
    • Stanski, D.R.1    Maitre, P.O.2
  • 45
    • 0017658241 scopus 로고
    • Disposition of valproic acid in man
    • DOI 10.1007/BF00645133
    • R Gugler A Schell M Eichelbaum W Fröscher HU Schulz 1977 Disposition of valproic acid in man Eur J Clin Pharmacol 12 125 132 10.1007/BF00645133 1:CAS:528:DyaE1cXpvVyktA%3D%3D 336377 (Pubitemid 8195773)
    • (1977) European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology , vol.12 , Issue.2 , pp. 125-132
    • Gugler, R.1    Schell, A.2    Eichelbaum, M.3
  • 46
    • 0033399925 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Population estimation of valproic acid clearance in adult patients using routine clinical pharmacokinetic data
    • DOI 10.1002/(SICI)1099-081X(199907)20:5<233::AID-BDD179>3.0.CO;2-5
    • B Blanco-Serrano MJ Otero D Santos-Buelga MJ Garcia-Sanchez J Serrano A Dominguez-Gil 1999 Population estimation of valproic acid clearance in adult patients using routine clinical pharmacokinetic data Biopharm Drug Dispos 20 233 240 10.1002/(SICI)1099-081X(199907)20:5<233::AID-BDD179>3.0.CO;2-5 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3cXks1Wruw%3D%3D 10594867 (Pubitemid 30021067)
    • (1999) Biopharmaceutics and Drug Disposition , vol.20 , Issue.5 , pp. 233-240
    • Blanco-Serrano, B.1    Otero, M.J.2    Santos-Buelga, D.3    Garcia-Sanchez, M.J.4    Serrano, J.5    Dominguez-Gil, A.6
  • 48
    • 47249124819 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A population pharmacokinetic model of epidural lidocaine in geriatric patients: Effects of low-dose dopamine
    • 10.1097/FTD.0b013e3181778fa3 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1cXmsFynt7o%3D 18520611
    • A Kwa J Sprung M Van Guilder RW Jelliffe 2008 A population pharmacokinetic model of epidural lidocaine in geriatric patients: effects of low-dose dopamine Ther Drug Monit 30 379 389 10.1097/FTD.0b013e3181778fa3 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1cXmsFynt7o%3D 18520611
    • (2008) Ther Drug Monit , vol.30 , pp. 379-389
    • Kwa, A.1    Sprung, J.2    Van Guilder, M.3    Jelliffe, R.W.4


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.