Civil rights mobilization and repression in northern ireland: A comparison with the us deep south

Sixties

Volumn 2, Issue 2, 2009, Pages 163-185

  De Fazio, Gianluca ^a  

^a EMORY UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Attribution of threat; Civil Rights Movement; Legal mobilization; Nonviolence; Northern Ireland; Protest; Repression; US Deep South

Indexed keywords

EID: 77956352223     PISSN: 17541328     EISSN: 17541336     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/17541320903346502     Document Type: Article

References (83)

1. Ackerman, Peter, and Jack Duvall. A Force More Powerful: A Century of Non-Violent Conflict. New York: St. Martin’s Press, 2000.
2. Barkan, Steven E. “Legal Control of the Southern Civil Rights Movement.” American Sociological Review 49, no. 4 (1984): 552-65.
3. Barnes, Donna A., and Cathy Connolly. “Repression, the Judicial System, and Political Opportunities for Civil Rights Advocacy during Reconstruction.” The Sociological Quarterly 40, no. 2 (1999): 327-45.
4. Berg, Manfred. The Ticket to Freedom: The NAACP and the Struggle for Black Political Integration. Gainesville: University Press of Florida, 2005.
5. Bew, Paul, Peter Gibbon, and Henry Patterson. Northern Ireland 1921-2001: Political Forces and Social Classes. London: Serif, 2002.
6. Bosi, Lorenzo. “Explaining the Emergence Process of the Civil Rights Protest in Northern Ireland (1945-1968): Insights from a Relational Social Movement Approach.” Journal of Historical Sociology 21, no. 2-3 (2008): 242-71.
7. Bosi, Lorenzo. “The Dynamics of Social Movement Development: Northern Ireland’s Civil Rights Movement in the 1960s.” Mobilization 11, no. 1 (2006): 81-100.
8. Bosi, Lorenzo. “Truly Days of Hope and Anger. The Northern Ireland Civil Rights Movement as a Case Study in the Development, Outcome and Legacies of Social Movements” PhD diss., Queen’s University Belfast, 2005.
9. Boyle, Kevin, Tom Hadden, and Patty Hillyard. Law and State: The Case of Northern Ireland. Boston, MA: University of Massachusetts Press, 1975.
10. Bruce, Steve. Paisley: Religion and Politics in Northern Ireland. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2007.
11. Calvert, Harry. Constitutional Law in Northern Ireland. A Study in Regional Government. London: Stevens and Sons Ltd. and Northern Ireland Legal Quarterly Inc., 1968.
12. Cameron, John. Disturbances in Northern Ireland: Report of the Commission Appointed by the Governor of Northern Ireland. Belfast: HMSO, 1969.
13. Carroll, Don. “The Search for Justice in Northern Ireland.” New York University Journal of International Law and Politics 6 (1973): 28-56.
14. Chabot, Sean. “Transnational Diffusion and the African American Reinvention of Gandhian Repertoire.” Mobilization 5, no. 2 (2000): 201-16.
15. Chabot, Sean, and Jan W. Duyvendak. “Globalization and Transnational Diffusion between Social Movements: Reconceptualizing the Dissemination of the Gandhian Repertoire and the ‘coming out’ Routine.” Theory and Society 31, no. 6 (2002): 697-740.
16. Crespino, Joseph. In Search of Another Country: Mississippi and the Conservative Counterrevolution. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2007.
17. Dahl, Robert. Pluralist Democracy in the United States: Conflict and Consent. Chicago: Rand McNally & Co., 1967.
18. De Fazio, Gianluca G. “Police Knowledge Revised: Insights from the Policing of the Civil Rights Movement in Northern Ireland.” Research in Social Movements, Conflicts and Change 27 (2007): 63-87.
19. della Porta, Donatella D, and Herbert Reiter, eds. Policing Protest. The Control of Mass Demonstrations in Western Democracies. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1998.
20. Deutsch, Richard, and Vivien Magowan. Northern Ireland 1968-73. A Chronology of Events. Volume 1 1968-1971. Belfast: Blackstaff Press, 1973.
21. Devlin, Paddy. Straight Left. An Autobiography. Belfast: Blackstaff Press, 1993.
22. Dittmer, John. Local People: The Struggle for Civil Rights in Mississippi. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1994.
23. Dooley, Brian. Black and Green: The Fight for Civil Rights in Northern Ireland and Black America. London: Pluto Press, 1998.
24. Dudziak, Mary. Cold War Civil Rights: Race and the Image of American Democracy. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2000.
25. Ellison, Graham, and Greg Martin. “Policing, Collective Action and Social Movement Theory: The Case of the Northern Ireland Civil Rights Campaign.” British Journal of Sociology 51, no. 4 (2000): 681-99.
26. Ellison, Graham, and Jim Smyth. The Crowned Harp: Policing Northern Ireland. Belfast: Pluto Press, 2000.
27. Farrington, Christopher. “Mobilisation, State Crisis and Counter-Mobilisation: Ulster Unionist Politics and the Outbreak of the Troubles.” Irish Political Studies 23, no. 4 (2008): 513-532.
28. Gaines, Kevin. American Africans in Ghana: Black Expatriates and the Civil Rights Era. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2006.
29. Gilmore, Glenda. Defying Dixie: The Radical Roots of Civil Rights, 1919-1950. New York: W.W. Norton & Co., 2008.
30. Goluboff, Risa L. The Lost Promise of Civil Rights. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2007.
31. Grant, Joanne. Black Protest: 350 Years of History, Documents, and Analyses. New York: Ballantine Books, 1996.
32. Hadden, Tom, and Paddy Hillyard. Justice in Northern Ireland: A Study in Social Confidence. London: Cobden Trust, 1973.
33. Hall, Jacquelyn. Revolt against Chivalry. New York: Columbia University Press, 1993.
34. Hill, Lance. The Deacons for Defense. Armed Resistance and the Civil Rights Movement. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2004.
35. Klarman, Michael. From Jim Crow to Civil Rights: The Supreme Court and the Struggle for Racial Equality. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2004.
36. Kluger, Richard. Simple Justice: The History of Brown v. Board of Education and Black America’s Strugglefor Equality. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1976.
37. Lewis, George. The White South and the Red Menace: Segregationists, Anticommunism and Massive Resistance, 1945-1965. Gainesville: University Press of Florida, 2004.
38. Maney, Gregory. “Transnational Mobilization and Civil Rights in Northern Ireland.” Social Problems 47, no. 2 (2000): 153-79.
39. McAdam, Doug. Political Process and the Development of Black Insurgency, 1930-1970. Chicago: Chicago University Press, 1982.
40. McAdam, Doug. “Tactical Innovation and the Pace of Insurgency.” American Sociological Review 48, no. 6 (1983): 735-54.
41. McAdam, Doug. “The US Civil Rights Movement: Power from Below and Above.” Paper presented at the conference on Civil Resistance and Power Politics, Oxford, England, 15-18 March 2007.
42. McAdam, Doug, and Dieter Rucht. “The Cross-National Diffusion of Movement Ideas.” Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Sciences 528, no. 1 (1993): 56-74.
43. McAdam, Doug, and Sidney Tarrow. “Nonviolence as Contentious Interaction.” PS: Political Science and Politics 33, no. 2 (2000): 149-54.
44. McAdam, Doug, Sidney Tarrow, and Charles Tilly. Dynamics of Contention. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2001.
45. McClean, Raymond. The Road to Bloody Sunday. Londonderry: Guildhall Press, 1997.
46. McCluskey, Conn. Up Off Their Knees: Commentary on the Civil Rights Movement in Northern Ireland. Belfast: Anna Livia Press, 1989.
47. McGarry, John, and Brendan O’Leary. Explaining Northern Ireland. Broken Images. Oxford: Blackwell, 1995.
48. McMillen, Neil. The Citizens’ Council: Organized Resistance to the Second Reconstruction, 1954-64. Urbana, IL: University of Illinois Press, 1971.
49. McPhail, Clark, and John McCarthy. “Protest Mobilization, Protest Repression, and their Interaction.” In Repression and Mobilization, ed. C. Davenport, H. Johnston and C. Mueller, 3-32. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 2005.
50. McPhail, Clark, David Schweingruber, and John McCarthy. “Policing Protest in the United States: 1960-1995.” In Policing Protest. The Control of Mass Demonstration in Western Democracies, ed. D. della Porta and H. Reiter, 49-67. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1998.
51. Meier, August, and Elliott Rudwick. CORE. A Study in the Civil Rights Movement 1942-1968. Urbana, IL: University of Illinois Press, 1973.
52. Mitchell, R. “Peace Groups since the Thirties.” Irish Journal of Nonviolence 38-39 (1978): 20-3.
53. Morris, Aldon. “A Retrospective on the Civil Rights Movement: Political and Intellectual Landmarks.” Annual Review of Sociology 25 (1999): 517-39.
54. Morris, Aldon. The Origins of the Civil Rights Movement: Black Communities Organizing for Change. New York: Free Press, 1984.
55. Mulholland, Marc. Northern Ireland at the Crossroads: Ulster Unionism in the O’Neill Years, 1960-9. London: Basingstoke, 2000.
56. Nagle, John. “From ‘Ban-the-Bomb’ to ‘Ban-the-Increase’: 1960s Street Politics in Pre-Civil Rights Belfast.” Irish Political Studies 23, no. 1 (2008): 41-58.
57. Nelson, Sarah. Ulster’s Uncertain Defenders. Loyalists and the Northern Ireland Conflict. Syracuse, NY: Syracuse University Press, 1984.
58. Ó Dochartaigh, Fionnbarra. Ulster’s White Negroes. Edinburgh: AK Press, 1994.
59. Ó Dochartaigh, Niall. From Civil Rights to Armalites: Derry & the Birth of the Irish Troubles. 2nd ed. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2005.
60. O’Callaghan, Margaret, and Catherine O’Donnell. “The Northern Ireland Government, the ‘Paisleyite Movement’ and Ulster Unionism in 1966.” Irish Political Studies 21, no. 2 (2006): 203-22.
61. O’Malley, Padraig. The Uncivil Wars. Ireland Today. Belfast: Blackstaff Press, 1983.
62. Payne, Charles. I’ve Got the Light of Freedom: The Organizing Tradition and the Mississippi Freedom Struggle. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2007.
63. Platt, Gerald, and Rhys Williams. “Ideological Language and Social Movement Mobilization: A Sociolinguistic Analysis of Segregationists’ Ideologies.” Sociological Theory 20, no. 3 (2002): 328-59.
64. Prince, Simon. “The Global Revolt of 1968 and Northern Ireland.” The Historical Journal 49, no. 3 (2006): 851-75.
65. Prince, Simon. Northern Ireland's ‘68: Civil Rights, Global Revolt and the Origins of the Troubles. Dublin: Irish Academic Press, 2007.
66. Purdie, Bob. Politics in the Streets: Origins of the Civil Rights Movement in Northern Ireland. Belfast: Blackstaff Press, 1990.
67. Randle, Michael. “Non-violent Direct Action in the 1950s and 1960s.” In Campaigns for Peace: British Peace Movements in the Twentieth Century, ed. R. Taylor and N. Young, 131-61. Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1987.
68. Rose, Richard. Governing Without Consensus: An Irish Perspective. London: Beacon Press, 1971.
69. Rose, Richard. “On the Priorities of Citizenship in the Deep South and Northern Ireland.” The Journal of Politics 38, no. 2 (1976): 247-91.
70. Ruane, Joseph, and Jennifer Todd. The Dynamics of Conflict in Northern Ireland: Power, Conflict and Emancipation. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996.
71. Scalmer, Sean. “The Labor of Diffusion: The Peace Pledge Union and the Adaptation of the Gandhian Repertoire.” Mobilization 7, no. 3 (2002): 269-86.
72. Skrentny, John David. “The Effect of Cold War on African-American Civil Rights: America and the World Audience, 1945-1968.” Theory and Society 27, no. 2 (1998): 237-85.
73. Strain, Christopher B. Pure Fire. Self-Defense as Activism in the Civil Rights Era. Athens: The University of Georgia Press, 2005.
74. Taylor, Richard. Against the Bomb: The British Peace Movement, 1958-1965. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1988.
75. Todd, Jennifer. “Two Traditions in Unionist Political Culture.” Irish Political Studies 2 (1987): 1-26.
76. Tushnet, Mark V. The NAACP's Legal Strategy against Segregated Education, 1925-1950. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1987.
77. Tyson, Timothy. Radio Free Dixie: Robert F. Williams and the Roots of Black Power. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1999.
78. Walker, Graham. A History of the Ulster Unionist Party. Protest, Pragmatism and Pessimism. Manchester: Manchester University Press, 2004.
79. Wallis, Roy, Steve Bruce, and David Taylor. “No Surrender!”: Paisleyism and the Politics of Ethnic Identity in Northern Ireland. Belfast: Department of Social Studies, Queen’s University of Belfast, 1986.
80. Wendt, Simon. The Spirit and the Shotgun. Armed Resistance and the Struggle for Civil Rights. Gainesville: University Press of Florida, 2007.
81. Wilson, Andrew. Irish-America and the Ulster Conflict, 1968-1995. Washington: Catholic University of America Press, 1995.
82. Winter, Martin. “Police Philosophy and Protest Policing in the Federal Republic of Germany, 1960-1990.” In Policing Protest. The Control of Mass Demonstrations in Western Democracies, ed. D. della Porta and H. Reiter. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1998.
83. Wright, Frank. Northern Ireland: A Comparative Analysis. London: Gill & Macmillan, 1987.