Diversity and moral reasoning: How negative diverse peer interactions affect the development of moral reasoning in undergraduate students

Journal of Higher Education

Volumn 81, Issue 4, 2010, Pages 459-488

  Mayhew, Matthew J ^a   Engberg, Mark E ^b  

^a NEW YORK UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b LOYOLA UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 77955862445     PISSN: 00221546     EISSN: 15384640     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1353/jhe.0.0104     Document Type: Article

References (110)

1. Abdolmohammadi, M. J., Gabhart, D. R. L., & Reeves, M. F. (1997). Ethical cognition of business students individually and in groups. Journal of Business Ethics, 16, 1717-1725.
2. Adams, M., Bell, L. A., & Griffin, P. (Eds.) (1997). Teaching for diversity and social justice: A sourcebook. New York: Routledge.
3. Adams, M., & Zhou-McGovern, Y. (1994). The sociomoral development of undergraduates in a "social diversity" course: Developmental theory, research, and instructional applications. Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the American Educational Research Association, New Orleans, LA.
4. Allport, G. W. (1954). The nature of prejudice. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley.
5. Antonio, A. L. (1998). The impact of friendship groups in a multicultural university. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of California, Los Angeles.
6. Antonio, A. L. (2001). The role of interracial interaction in the development of leadership skills and cultural knowledge and understanding. Research in Higher Education, 42 (5), 593-617.
7. Antonio, A. L., Chang, M. J., Hakuta, K., Kenny, D., Levin, S., & Milem, J. F. (2004). Effects of racial diversity on complex thinking in college students. Psychological Science, 15 (8), 507-510.
8. Armstrong, M. B. (1993). Ethics and professionalism in accounting education: A sample course. Journal of Accounting Education, 31, 271-295.
9. Association of American Colleges and Universities. (2002). Greater expectations: A new vision for learning as a nation goes to college. Washington, DC: Association of American Colleges and Universities.
10. Astin, A. W. (1993). Assessment for excellence: The philosophy and practice of assessment and evaluation in higher education. Phoenix, AZ: Oryx Press.
11. Barnett, R., Evans, J., & Rest, J. (1995). Faking moral judgment on the Defining Issues Test. British Journal of Social Psychology, 34, 267-278.
12. Baxter Magolda, M. (1999). Creating contexts for learning and self-authorship: Constructive-developmental pedagogy. Nashville, TN: Vanderbilt University Press.
13. Bennett, W. (1992). The de-valuing of America: The fight for our culture and our children. New York: Touchstone.
14. Blum, L. (1999). Race, community, and moral education: Kohlberg and Spielberg as civic educators. Journal of Moral Education, 28 (2), 125-143.
15. Bonawitz, M. F. (2002). Analysis and comparison of the moral development of students required to graduate with an ethics course. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Florida International University.
16. Brabeck, M. (1983). Moral judgment: Theory and research on differences between males and females. Developmental Review, 3, 274-291.
17. Brown, R. (1995). Prejudice: Its social psychology. Malden, MA: Blackwell Publishers.
18. Burwell, R. M., Butman, R. E., & Van Wicklin, J. (1992). Values assessment at three consortium colleges: A longitudinal follow-up study. Houston, NY: Houghton College. (ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. ED345635)
19. Cacioppo, J. T., Petty, R. E., Feinstein, J. A., & Jarvis, W. B. G. (1996). Dispositional differences in cognitive motivation: The life and times of individuals varying in need for cognition. Psychological Bulletin, 119 (2), 197-253.
20. Cacioppo, J. T., Petty, R. E., & Kao, C. F. (1984). The efficient assessment of the need for cognition scale. Journal of Personality Assessment, 48, 306-307.
21. Chang, M. (1996). Racial diversity in higher education: Does a racially mixed student population affect student outcomes? Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of California, Los Angeles.
22. Chang, M. J., Astin, A. W., & Kim, D. (2004). Cross-racial interaction among undergraduates: Some causes and consequences. Research in Higher Education, 45 (5), 527-551.
23. Chang, M. J., Denson, N., Saenz, V., & Misa, K. (2006). The educational benefits of sustaining cross-racial interaction among undergraduates. The Journal of Higher Education, 77 (3), 430-455.
24. Colby, A., & Kohlberg, L. (1987). The measurement of moral judgment: Theoretical foundations and research validation (Vol. 1). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
25. Cook, S. W. (1985). Experimenting on social issues. The case of school desegregation. American Psychologist, 40, 452-460.
26. Cummings, R., Dyas, L., Maddux, C. D., & Kochman, A. (2001). Principled moral reasoning and behavior of preservice teacher education students. American Educational Research Journal, 38 (1), 143-158.
27. Damon, W. (1988). The moral child: Nurturing children's natural moral growth. New York: The Free Press.
28. Elmer, N. P., Palmer-Canton, E., & St. James, A. (1997). Politics, moral reasoning, and the DIT: A reply to Barnett et al. (1995). British Journal of Social Psychology, 457-476.
29. Elmer, N. P., Renwick, S., & Malone, B. (1983). The relationship between moral reasoning and political orientation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 45, 1073-1080.
30. Engberg, M. E. (2007). Educating the workforce for the 21st century: A cross-disciplinary analysis of the impact of the undergraduate experience on students' development of a pluralistic orientation. Research in Higher Education, 48 (3), 283-317.
31. Engberg, M. E. (2004). Educating the workforce for the 21st century: The impact of diversity on undergraduate students' pluralistic orientation. Dissertation Abstracts International 65 (06). (AAT 3138145).
32. Evans, N. J., Forney, D. S., & Guido-DiBrito, F. (1998). Student development in college: theory, research, and practice. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
33. Finger, W. W., Borduin, C. M., & Baumstark, K. E. (1992). Correlates of moral judgment development in college students. Journal of Genetic Psychology, 153 (2), 221-223.
34. Fisher, D. G., & Sweeney, J. T. (1998). The relationship between political attitudes and moral judgment: Examining the validity of the DIT. Journal of Business Ethics, 17 (8), 905-16.
35. Freire, P. (1970). Pedagogy of the oppressed (M. B. Ramos, Trans. 20th anniversary ed.). New York: The Continuum Publishing Co.
36. Gfellner, B. M. (1986). Ego development and moral development in relation to age and grade level during adolescence. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 15 (2), 147-163.
37. Gilligan, C. (1977). In a different voice: Women's conceptions of self and of morality. Harvard Educational Review 47 (4), 481-517.
38. Giroux, H. (2003). Critical theory and educational practice. In A. Darder, M. Baltodano, & R. Torres (Eds.), The critical pedagogy reader. (pp. 27-56). New York: Routledge.
39. Gollwitzer, P. M. (1990). Action phases and mind-sets. In E. T. Higgins & R. M. Sor-rentino (Eds.), Handbook of motivation and cognition: Foundations of social behavior (Vol. 2, pp. 53-92). New York: Guilford Press.
40. Gurin, P., Dey, E. L., Hurtado, S., & Gurin, G. (2002). Diversity and higher education: Theory and impact on educational outcomes. Harvard Educational Review, 72, 330-367.
41. Gurin, P., Nagda, B. A., & Lopez, G. E. (2004). The benefits of diversity in education for democratic citizenship. Journal of Social Issues, 60 (1), 17-34.
42. Gurin, P., Peng, T., Lopez, G., & Nagda, B. A. (1999). Context, identity, and intergroup relations. In D. Prentice & D. Miller (Eds.), Cultural divides: Understanding and overcoming group conflict (pp. 133-170). New York: Russell Sage Foundation.
43. Hurtado, S. (2003). Preparing college students for a diverse democracy: Final report to the U. S. Department of Education, OERI, Field Initiated Studies Program. Ann Arbor, MI: Center for the Study of Higher and Postsecondary Education.
44. Hurtado, S., Engberg, M. E., & Ponjuan, L. (2003, November). The impact of the college experience on students' learning for a diverse democracy. Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the Association for the Study of Higher Education, Portland, OR.
45. Hurtado, S., Engberg, M. E., Ponjuan, L., & Landreman, L. (2002). Students' precollege preparation for participation in a diverse democracy. Research in Higher Education, 43, 163-186.
46. Hurtado, S., Mayhew, M. J., & Engberg, M. E. (2003). Diversity in the classroom and students' moral reasoning. Paper presented at the Association for the Study of Higher Education. Portland, OR.
47. Hurtado, S., Nelson Laird, T., Landreman, L., Engberg, M. E., & Fernandez, E. (2002, April). College students'classroom preparation for a diverse democracy. Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the American Education Research Association, New Orleans.
48. Hyun, M. (1994, November). Helping to promote racial understanding: Does it matter if you're Black or White. Paper presented at Annual Meeting of the Association for the Study of Higher Education, Tucson, AZ. (ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. ED 375710).
49. Icerman, R., Karcher, J., & Kennelley, M. (1991). A baseline assessment of moral development: Accounting, business and nonbusiness students. Accounting Educator's Journal, 3, 46-62.
50. Inglenzi, M. G. (1998). Ethical education in a college environment: The just community approach. NASPA Journal, 27 (3), 192-198.
51. Intergroup Dialogue Syllabus. (2003). University of Michigan.
52. Introduction to Sociology Syllabus. (2003). University of Michigan.
53. Jeffrey, C. (1993). Ethical development of accounting students, non-accounting business students, and liberal arts students. Issues in Accounting Education, 8 (1), 86-96.
54. Katz, A. D. (2001). The influence of intergroup dialogues on undergraduates'identity formation and moral development schemas. Unpublished Master's Thesis, CSU, Long Beach.
55. King, P. M., Kitchener, K. S., & Wood, P. K. (1985). The development of intellect and character: A longitudinal-sequential study of intellectual and moral development in young adults. Moral Education Forum, 10, 1-13.
56. King, P. M., & Mayhew, M. J. (2004). Theory and research on the development of moral reasoning among college students. In J. C. Smart (Ed.), Higher Education: Handbook of Theory and Research, (Vol. XIX, pp. 375-440), The Netherlands: Kluwer Academic Publishers.
57. King, P. M., & Mayhew, M. J. (2002). Moral judgment development in higher education: Insights from the Defining Issues Test. Journal of Moral Education, 31 (3), 247-270.
58. Kitchener, K. S., King, P. M., Davison, M. L., Parker, C. A., & Wood, P. K. (1984). A longitudinal study of moral and ego development in young adults. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 13 (3), 197-211.
59. Kohlberg, L. (1984). Essays on moral development: The philosophy of moral development: Moral stages and the idea of justice (Vol. 1). San Francisco: Harper & Row.
60. Kohlberg, L. (1981). Essays on moral development: Moral stages and the idea of justice (Vol. 1). San Francisco: Harper & Row.
61. Kohlberg, L. (1976). Moral stages and moralization: The cognitive-developmental approach. In T. Likona (Ed.), Moral development and behavior. New York: Holt, Rine-hart, & Winston.
62. Leicaster, M. (2001). A Moral education in an ethical system. Journal of Moral Education, 30 (3), 251-260.
63. Lickona, T. (1991). Educating for character: How schools can teach respect and responsibility. New York: Bantam.
64. Lopez, G. E., Gurin, P., & Nagda, B. A. (1998). Education and understanding structural causes for group inequalities. Political Psychology, 19 (2), 305-329.
65. Mayhew, M. J. (2005). Curricular content and pedagogical practices that influence the development of moral reasoning in undergraduate students. Dissertation Abstracts International, 65 (10), 3720. (AAT 3150033).
66. Mentkowski, M., & Associates. (2000). Learning that lasts: Integrating learning, development, and performance in college and beyond. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
67. Mentkowski, M., & Strait, M. J. (1983). A longitudinal study of student change in cognitive development, learning styles, and generic abilities in an outcome-centered liberal arts curriculum (Final Report to the National Institute of Education No. 6). Milwaukee, WI: Alverno College, Office of Research and Evaluation.
68. Milem, J. F. (1994). College, students, and racial understanding. Thought and Action, 9 (2), 51-92.
69. Murk, D. A., & Addleman, J. A. (1992). Relations among moral reasoning, locus of control, and demographic variables among college students. Psychological Reports, 70 (2), 467-476.
70. Nagda, B. A., Gurin, P., & Lopez, G. (2003). Transformative pedagogy for democracy and social justice. Race Ethnicity and Education, 6, 165-191.
71. Narvaez, D., Getz, I., Rest, J. R., & Thoma, S. J. (1999). Individual moral judgment and cultural ideologies. Developmental Psychology, 35 (2), 478-488.
72. National Association of State Universities and Land-Grant Colleges (1997). Returning to our roots: The student experience. Washington, DC: National Association of State Universities and Land-Grant Colleges.
73. Nelson Laird, T. F. (2005). College students' experiences with diversity and their effects on academic self-confidence, social agency, and disposition toward critical thinking. Research in Higher Education, 46 (4), 365-387.
74. Nelson Laird, T. F., Engberg, M. E., & Hurtado, S. (2005). Modeling accentuation effects: Enrolling in a diversity course and the importance of social action engagement. The Journal of Higher Education, 76, 448-476.
75. Nevin, K. J., & McNeel, S. P. (1992). Facilitating student moral development through faculty development. Moral Education Forum, 17 (4), 12-18.
76. Paradice, D. B., & Dejoie, R. M. (1991). The ethical decision-making processes of information-systems workers. Journal of Business Ethics, 10 (1), 1-21.
77. Pascarella, E. T., & Terenzini, P. T. (2005). How college affects students revisited: Research from the 1990's. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
78. Pascarella, E. T., Edison, M., Nora, A., Hagedorn, L. S., & Terenzini, P. T. (1996). Influences on students' openness to diversity and challenge in first year of college. The Journal of Higher Education, 67, 174-195.
79. Pascarella, E. T., Palmer, B., Moye, M, & Pierson, C. T. (2001). Do diversity experiences influence the development of critical thinking? Journal of College Student Development, 42, 257-71.
80. Pedhazur, E. J. (1982). Multiple regression in behavioral research: Explanation and prediction. New York: Hold, Rinehart, and Winston.
81. Pettigrew, T. F. (1998). Intergroup contact theory. Annual Review of Psychology, 49 (1), 65-85.
82. Pettigrew, T. F., & Tropp, L. R. (2000). Does intergroup contact reduce prejudice? Recent meta-analytic findings. In S. Oskamp (Ed.), Reducing prejudice and discrimination (pp. 93-114). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
83. Piaget, J. (1975). The equilibrium of cognitive structures: The central problem of intellectual development. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
84. Piper, T. (1997). Empowering students to create community standards. About Campus, 2 (3), 22-24.
85. Ponemon, L. (1993). Can ethics be taught in accounting? Journal of Accounting Education, 11, 185-209.
86. Ponemon, L. A., & Gabhart, D. R. L. (1994). Ethical reasoning in the accounting and auditing professions. In J. Rest & D. Narvaez (Eds.), Moral development in the professions: Psychology and applied ethics (pp. 101-119). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erl-baum Associates.
87. Power, F. C., Higgins, A., & Kohlberg, L. (1989). Lawrence Kohlberg's approach to moral education. New York: Columbia University.
88. Rest, J. R. (1979a). The impact of higher education on moral judgment development. Moral Research Projects, Technical report no. 5. Minneapolis, MN.
89. Rest, J. R. (1979b). Development in judging moral issues. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota.
90. Rest, J. R. (1980). Moral dilemmas of young adults (No. 1). Washington, DC: National Institute of Education.
91. Rest, J. R. (1986). Moral development: Advances in research and theory. New York: Praeger Press.
92. Rest, J. R. (1987). Moral judgment: An interesting variable for higher education research. Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the Association for the Study of Higher Education, Baltimore, MD.
93. Rest, J. R., Narvaez, D., Thoma, S. J., & Bebeau, M. (1999). DIT2: Devising and testing a revised instrument of moral judgment. Journal of Educational Psychology, 91 (4), 644-659.
94. Rest, J. R., & Thoma, S. J. (1985). Relation of moral judgment development to formal education. Developmental Psychology, 21 (4), 709-714.
95. Schlaefli, A., Rest, J. R., & Thoma, S. J. (1985). Does moral education improve moral judgment? A meta-analysis of intervention studies using the Defining Issues Test. Review of Educational Research, 55 (3), 319-352.
96. Schlenker, B. R. (1980). Impression management: The self-concept, social identity, and interpersonal relations. Monterey, CA: Brooks/Cole.
97. Shor, I. (1992). Empowering education: Critical teaching for social change. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
98. Sleeter, C. E., & McLaren, P. (1995). Introduction: Exploring connections to build a critical multiculturalism. In C. E. Sleeter & P. McLaren (Eds.), Multicultural education, critical pedagogy, and the politics of difference, (pp. 5-32). Albany: State University of New York Press.
99. Smith, K. M. (1993, May). The impact of college on White students' racial attitudes. Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the Association for Institutional Research, Chicago. (ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. ED 360923).
100. Snodgrass, J., & Behling, R. (1996). Differences in moral reasoning between college and university business majors and non-business majors. Business and Professional Ethics Journal, 15, 79-84.
101. Steele, C. M. (1988). The psychology of self-affirmation: Sustaining the integrity of the self. In L. Berkowitz (Ed.), Advances in experimental social psychology (Vol. 21, pp. 261-302). Orlando, FL: Academic Press.
102. St. Pierre, K. E., Nelson, E. S., & Gabbin, A. L. (1990). A study of ethical development of accounting majors in relation to other business and nonbusiness disciplines. Accounting Educator's Journal, 3, 23-35.
103. Thoma, S. J. (1993). The relationship between political preference and moral judgment development in late adolescence. Merrill-Palmer Quarterly, 39 (3), 359-374.
104. Vasques-Scalera, C. M. (1999). Democracy, diversity, dialogue: Education for critical multicultural citizenship. Dissertation Abstracts International, 61 (02), 561A. (UMI No. 9959879).
105. Walker, L. J. (2006). Gender and morality. In M. Killen & J. Smetana (Eds.), Handbook of Moral Development (pp. 93-118). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Earlbaum.
106. Whitt, E. J., Edison, M. I., Pascarella, E. T., Terenzini, P. T., & Nora, A. (2001). Influences on students' openness to diversity and challenge in the second and third years of college. The Journal of Higher Education, 72, 172-204.
107. Wright, S. C., Aron, A., McLaughlin-Volpe, & Ropp, S. A. (1997). The extended contact effect: Knowledge of cross-group friendships and prejudice. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 73, 73-90.
108. Yeakley, A. M. (1998). The nature of prejudice change: Positive and negative change processes arising from intergroup contact experiences. Dissertation Abstracts International, 59 (10), 3970A. (UMI No. 9910030).
109. Zeidler, D. L., & Schafer, L. E. (1984). Identifying mediating factors of moral reasoning in science education. Journal of Research in Science Teaching, 21 (1), 1-15.
110. Zúñiga, X., Nagda, B. A., Chesler, M., & Cytron-Walker, A. (2007). Intergroup dialogue in higher education: Meaningful learning about social justice. ASHE Higher Education Report, 32 (4). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.