The relationship between phoria and the ratio of convergence peak velocity to divergence peak velocity

Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science

Volumn 51, Issue 8, 2010, Pages 4017-4027

  Kim, Eun H ^a   Granger Donetti, Bérangère ^b   Vicci, Vincent R ^b,c   Alvarez, Tara L ^a  

^a NEW JERSEY INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY   (United States)

^b Essilor Research and Development ^*  (United States)

^c Kessler Institutes for Rehabilitation   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ADULT; ARTICLE; BINOCULAR CONVERGENCE; CONTROLLED STUDY; EMMETROPIA; EYE FIXATION; EYE MOVEMENT; EYE MOVEMENT CONTROL; EYE POSITION; FEMALE; HUMAN; HUMAN EXPERIMENT; MALE; NORMAL HUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; TASK PERFORMANCE; VISUAL ADAPTATION; VISUAL DISCRIMINATION; VISUAL SYSTEM EXAMINATION; ADOLESCENT; BINOCULAR VISION; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; PHYSIOLOGY; STRABISMUS;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; CONVERGENCE, OCULAR; EYE MOVEMENTS; FEMALE; HUMANS; MALE; STRABISMUS; VISION, BINOCULAR; YOUNG ADULT;

EID: 77955856958     PISSN: 01460404     EISSN: 15525783     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1167/iovs.09-4560     Document Type: Article

References (40)

1. Ying SH, Zee DS. Phoria adaptation after sustained symmetrical convergence: influence of saccades. Exp Brain Res. 2006;171: 297-305.
2. Morley JW, Judge SJ, Lindsey JW. Role of monkey midbrain nearresponse neurons in phoria adaptation. J Neurophysiol. 1992;67: 1475-1492.
3. Takagi M, Tamargo R, Zee DS. Effects of lesions of the cerebellar oculomotor vermis on eye movements in primate: binocular control. Prog Brain Res. 2003;142:19-33.
4. Cheng D, Schmid KL, Woo GC. The effect of positive-lens addition and base-in prism on accommodation accuracy and near horizontal phoria in Chinese myopic children. Ophthalmic Physiol Opt. 2008;28:225-237.
5. Jiang BC, Tea TC, O'Donnell D. Changes in accommodative and vergence responses when viewing through near addition lenses. Optometry. 2007;78:129-134.
6. Cooper J. Clinical implications of vergence adaptation. Optom Vis Sci. 1992;69:300-307.
7. Grisham JD. Visual therapy results for convergence insufficiency: a literature review. Am J Optom Physiol Opt. 1998;65:448-454.
8. Jaschiniski W, Walper N. Resting position of vergence and their relation to asthenopic symptoms. Strabismus. 2007;15:29-32.
9. Schor CM. A dynamic model of cross-coupling between accommodation and convergence: simulations of step and frequency responses. Optom Vis Sci. 1992;69:258-269.
10. Hung GK. Adaptation model of accommodation and vergence. Ophthalmic Physiol Opt. 1992;12:319-326.
11. Saladin JJ. Convergence insufficiency, fixation disparity, and control systems analysis. Am J Optom Physiol Opt. 1986;63:645-653.
12. Patel SS, Ogmen H, White JM, Jiang BC. Neural network model of short-term horizontal disparity vergence dynamics. Vis Res. 1997; 37:1383-1399.
13. Patel SS, Jiang BC, Ogmen H. Vergence dynamics predict fixation disparity. Neural Comput. 2001;13:1495-1525.
14. Jaschinski W, Svede A, Jainta S. Relation between fixation disparity and the asymmetry between convergent and divergent disparity step responses. Vis Res. 2008;48:253-263.
15. Patel SS, Jiang BC, White JM, Ogmen H. Nonlinear alteration of transient vergence dynamics after sustained convergence. Optom Vis Sci. 1999;76:656-663.
16. Hung GK, Semmlow JL, Ciuffreda KJ. Identification of accommodative vergence contribution to the near response using response variance. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1983;24:772-777.
17. Zuber BL, Semmlow JL, Stark L. Frequency characteristics of the saccadic eye movement. Biophys J. 1968;8:1288-1298.
18. Jainta S, Hoormann J, Jaschinski W. Objective and subjective measures of vergence step responses. Vis Res. 2007;47:3238-3246.
19. Han SJ, Guo Y, Granger-Donnetti B, Vicci VR, Alvarez, TL. Quantification of heterophoria and phoria adaptation using an automated objective system compared with clinical methods. Ophthalmic Physiol Opt. 2010;30:95-107.
20. Morris FM. The influence of kinesthesis upon near heterophoria measurements. Am Acad Optom. 1960;37:327-351.
21. Rainey BB, Schroeder TL, Goss DA, Grosvenor TP. Inter-examiner repeatability of heterophoria tests. Optom Vis Sci. 1998;75:719-726.
22. Wolf KS, Bedell HE, Pedersen SB. Relations between accommodation and vergence in darkness. Optom Vis Sci. 1990;67:89-93.
23. Alvarez TL, Semmlow JL, Pedrono C. Divergence eye movements are dependent on initial stimulus position. Vis Res. 2005;45:1847-1855.
24. Alvarez TL, Semmlow JL, Yuan W, Munoz P. Comparison of disparity vergence system responses to predictable and non-predictable stimulations. Curr Psychol Cognition. 2002;21:243-261.
25. Alvarez TL, Bhavsar M, Semmlow JL, Bergen MT, Pedrono C. Short-term predictive changes in the dynamics of vergence eye movements. J Vis. 2005;5:640-649.
26. Brautaset RL, Jennings JA. Increasing the proportion of binocular vision makes horizontal prism adaptation complete. Ophthalmic Physiol Opt. 2005;25:168-170.
27. Horng JL, Semmlow JL, Hung GK, Ciuffreda KJ. Dynamic asymmetries in disparity convergence eye movements. Vis Res. 1998;38: 2761-2768.
28. Zee DS, Fitzgibbon EJ, Optican LM. Saccade-vergence interactions in humans. J Neurophysiol. 1992;68:1624-1641.
29. Bahill AT, Kallman JS, Lieberman JE. Frequency limitations of the two-point central difference differentiation algorithm. Biol Cybern. 1982;45:1- 4.
30. Schor CM. Fixation disparity and vergence adaptation. In: Schor CM, Ciuffreda KJ, eds. Vergence Eye Movements: Basic and Clinical Aspects. Boston: Butterworth-Heinemann; 1983;465-516.
31. Lee YY, Granger-Donetti B, Chang C, Alvarez TL. Sustained convergence induced changes in phoria and divergence dynamics. Vis Res. 2009;49:2960-2972.
32. Owens DA, Tyrrell RA. Lateral phoria at distance: contributions of accommodation. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1992;33:2733-2743.
33. Jaschinski W. Fixation disparity and accommodation for stimuli closer and more distant than oculomotor tonic positions. Vis Res. 2001;41:923-933.
34. Kotulak JC, Schor CM. The effects of optical vergence, contrast, and luminance on the accommodative responses to spatially bandpass filtered targets. Vis Res. 1987;27:1797-1806.
35. Tsuetaki TK, Schor CM. Clinical method for measuring adaptation of tonic accommodation and vergence accommodation. Am J Optom Physiol Opt. 1987;64:437-449.
36. Kono R, Poukens V, Demer JL. Quantitative analysis of the structure of the human extraocular muscle pulley system. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2002;43:2923-2932.
37. Gautheir GM, Vercher JL, Blouin J. Egocentric visual target position and velocity coding: role of ocular muscle proprioception. Ann Biomed Eng. 1995;23:423-435.
38. Scheiman M, Gallaway M, Ciner E. Divergence insufficiency: characteristics, diagnosis, and treatment. Am J Optom Physiol Opt. 1986;63:425-431.
39. Daum K. Convergence insufficiency. Am J Optom Physiol Opt. 1984;61:16-22.
40. Brautaset RL, Jennings JA. Horizontal and vertical prism adaptations are different mechanisms. Ophthalmic Physiol Opt. 2005;25: 215-218.