Attentional sensitization of unconscious cognition: Task sets modulate subsequent masked semantic priming

Journal of Experimental Psychology: General

Volumn 139, Issue 3, 2010, Pages 464-489

  Kiefer, M ^a   Martens, Ulla ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF ULM   (Germany)

Author keywords

Attentional control; Automatic processes; Semantic priming; Subliminal perception; Unconscious cognition

Indexed keywords

ADULT; ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE; ARTICLE; ASSOCIATION; ATTENTION; COGNITION; DECISION MAKING; EGO DEVELOPMENT; ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAPHY; EVOKED RESPONSE; FEMALE; GERMANY; HUMAN; MALE; METHODOLOGY; PERCEPTIVE THRESHOLD; PHYSIOLOGY; REACTION TIME; REFERENCE VALUE; SEMANTICS; TASK PERFORMANCE;

ADULT; ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE; ATTENTION; COGNITION; CUES; DECISION MAKING; ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAPHY; EVOKED POTENTIALS; FEMALE; GERMANY; HUMANS; MALE; REACTION TIME; REFERENCE VALUES; SEMANTICS; SUBLIMINAL STIMULATION; TASK PERFORMANCE AND ANALYSIS; UNCONSCIOUS (PSYCHOLOGY); YOUNG ADULT;

EID: 77955786598     PISSN: 00963445     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1037/a0019561     Document Type: Article

References (144)

1. Allport A., Styles E.A., Hsieh S. Shifting intentional set: Exploring the dynamic control of tasks. Attention and performance 15: Conscious and nonconscious information processing. Attention and performance series 1994, 421-452. MIT Press, Cambridge, MA. C. Umilta, M. Moscovitch (Eds.).
2. Ansorge U., Heumann M., Scharlau I. Influences of visibility, intentions, and probability in a peripheral cuing task. Consciousness and Cognition 2002, 11:528-545.
3. Ansorge U., Horstmann G. Preemptive control of attentional capture by colour: Evidence from trial-by-trial analyses and orderings of onsets of capture effects in reaction time distributions. The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology 2007, 60:952-975.
4. Ansorge U., Neumann O. Intentions determine the effect of invisible metacontrast-masked primes: Evidence for top-down contingencies in a peripheral cuing task. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance 2005, 31:762-777.
5. Barch D.M., Cohen J.D., Servan-Schreiber D., Steingard S., Steinhauer S.S., van Kammen D.P. Semantic priming in schizophrenia: An examination of spreading activation using word pronunciation and multiple SOAs. Journal of Abnormal Psychology 1996, 105:592-601.
6. Bargh J.A. Conditional automaticity: Varieties of automatic influence in social perception and cognition. Unintended thought 1989, 3-51. Guilford Press, New York, NY. J.S. Uleman, J.A. Bargh (Eds.).
7. Bentin S., Kutas M., Hillyard S.A. Semantic processing and memory for attended and unattended words in dichotic listening: Behavioral and electrophysiological evidence. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance 1995, 21:54-67.
8. Bentin S., McCarthy G., Wood C.C. Event-related potentials, lexical decision, and semantic priming. Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology 1985, 60:343-355.
9. Bode S., Haynes J.D. Decoding sequential stages of task preparation in the human brain. NeuroImage 2008, 45:606-613.
10. Botvinick M.M., Braver T.S., Barch D.M., Carter C.S., Cohen J.D. Conflict monitoring and cognitive control. Psychological Review 2001, 108:624-652.
11. Bub D.N., Masson M.E.J. Grasping beer mugs: On the dynamics of alignment effects induced by handled objects. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance 2010, 36:341-358.
12. Bub D.N., Masson M.E., Cree G.S. Evocation of functional and volumetric gestural knowledge by objects and words. Cognition 2008, 106:27-58.
13. Carr T.H., Dagenbach D. Semantic priming and repetition priming from masked words: Evidence for a center-surround attentional mechanism in perceptual recognition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 1990, 16:341-350.
14. Chao L.L., Martin A. Representation of manipulable man-made objects in the dorsal stream. NeuroImage 2000, 12:478-484.
15. Chawla D., Rees G., Friston K.J. The physiological basis of attentional modulation in extrastriate visual areas. Nature Neuroscience 1999, 2:671-676.
16. Chiappe P.R., Smith M.C., Besner D. Semantic priming in visual word recognition: Activation blocking and domains of processing. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review 1996, 3:249-253.
17. Cohen J.D., Dunbar K., McClelland J.L. On the control of automatic processes: A parallel distributed processing account of the Stroop effect. Psychological Review 1990, 97:332-361.
18. Cohen L., Dehaene S. Specialization within the ventral stream: The case for the visual word form area. NeuroImage 2004, 22:466-476.
19. Craik F.I.M., Lockhart R.S. The levels of processing: A framework for memory research. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior 1972, 11:671-684.
20. Curran T., Tucker D.M., Kutas M., Posner M.I. Topography of the N400: Brain electrical activity reflecting semantic expectancy. Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology 1993, 88:188-209.
21. Damian M.F. Congruity effects evoked by subliminally presented primes: Automaticity rather than semantic processing. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance 2001, 27:154-165.
22. Dannlowski U., Kersting A., Lalee-Mentzel J., Donges U.S., Arolt V., Suslow T. Subliminal affective priming in clinical depression and comorbid anxiety: A longitudinal investigation. Psychiatry Research 2006, 143:63-75.
23. Deacon D., Hewitt S., Chien-Ming Y., Nagata M. Event-related potential indices of semantic priming using masked and unmasked words: Evidence that the N400 does not reflect a post-lexical process. Cognitive Brain Research 2000, 9:137-146.
24. Deacon D., Shelley-Tremblay J. How automatically is meaning accessed: A review of the effects of attention on semantic processing. Frontiers in Bioscience 2000, 5:E82-E94.
25. de Groot A.M., Thomassen A.J., Hudson P.T. Associative facilitation of word recognition as measured from a neutral prime. Memory & Cognition 1982, 10:358-370.
26. Dehaene S., Changeux J.P., Naccache L., Sackur J., Sergent C. Conscious, preconscious, and subliminal processing: A testable taxonomy. Trends in Cognitive Sciences 2006, 10:204-211.
27. Dehaene S., Naccache L. Towards a cognitive neuroscience of consciousness: Basic evidence and a workspace framework. Cognition 2001, 79:1-37.
28. Dehaene S., Naccache L., LeClec'H G., Koechlin E., Mueller M., Dehaene-Lambertz G., LeBihan D. Imaging unconscious priming. Nature 1998, October 8, 395:597-600.
29. den Heyer K., Taylor M.A., Abate A. On the nature of neutral primes in a lexical decision task. Psychological Research 1986, 48:161-168.
30. Desimone R., Duncan J. Neural mechanisms of selective visual attention. Annual Review of Neuroscience 1995, 18:193-222.
31. de Zubicaray G.I., Andrew C., Zelaya F.O., Williams S.C., Dumanoir C. Motor response suppression and the prepotent tendency to respond: A parametric fMRI study. Neuropsychologia 2000, 38:1280-1291.
32. Draine S.C., Greenwald A.G. Replicable unconscious semantic priming. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General 1998, 127:286-303.
33. Duncan J. An adaptive coding model of neural function in prefrontal cortex. Nature Reviews Neuroscience 2001, 2:819-829.
34. Duscherer K., Holender D. No negative semantic priming from unconscious flanker words in sight. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance 2002, 28:839-853.
35. Eckstein D., Perrig W.J. The influence of intention on masked priming: A study with semantic classification of words. Cognition 2007, 104:345-376.
36. Eger E., Henson R.N., Driver J., Dolan R.J. Mechanisms of top-down facilitation in perception of visual objects studied by fMRI. Cerebral Cortex 2007, 17:2123-2133.
37. Fossati P., Amar G., Raoux N., Ergis A.M., Allilaire J.F. Executive functioning and verbal memory in young patients with unipolar depression and schizophrenia. Psychiatry Research 1999, 89:171-187.
38. Freedman D.J., Riesenhuber M., Poggio T., Miller E.K. Categorical representation of visual stimuli in the primate prefrontal cortex. Science 2001, January 12, 291:312-316.
39. Fresco D.M., Heimberg R.G., Abramowitz A., Bertram T.L. The effect of a negative mood priming challenge on dysfunctional attitudes, explanatory style, and explanatory flexibility. British Journal of Clinical Psychology 2006, 45:167-183.
40. Gaillard R., Del Cul A., Naccache L., Vinckier F., Cohen L., Dehaene S. Nonconscious semantic processing of emotional words modulates conscious access. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA 2006, 103:7524-7529.
41. Gilbert S.J., Shallice T. Task switching: A PDP model. Cognitive Psychology 2002, 44:297-337.
42. Green D.M., Swets J.A. Signal detection theory and psychophysics 1966, Wiley, New York, NY.
43. Greene C.M., Braet W., Johnson K.A., Bellgrove M.A. Imaging the genetics of executive function. Biological Psychology 2007, 79:30-42.
44. Greenwald A.G., Draine S.C., Abrams R.L. Three cognitive markers of unconscious semantic activation. Science 1996, September 20, 273:1699-1702.
45. Griego J.A., Cortes C.R., Nune S., Fisher J.E., Tagamets M.A. Word and letter string processing networks in schizophrenia: Evidence for anomalies and compensation. Brain and Language 2008, 107:158-166.
46. Hamker F.H. The reentry hypothesis: The putative interaction of the frontal eye field, ventrolateral prefrontal cortex, and areas V4, IT for attention and eye movement. Cerebral Cortex 2005, 15:431-447.
47. Heil M., Rolke B., Pecchinenda A. Automatic semantic activation is no myth: Semantic context effects on the N400 in the letter-search task in the absence of response time effects. Psychological Science 2004, 15:852-857.
48. Helbig H.B., Graf M., Kiefer M. The role of action representations in visual object recognition. Experimental Brain Research 2006, 174:221-228.
49. Henik A., Friedrich F.J., Tzelgov J., Tramer S. Capacity demands of automatic processes in semantic priming. Memory & Cognition 1994, 22:157-168.
50. Hinojosa J.A., Martín-Loeches M., Munoz F., Casado P., Fernández-Frías C., Pozo M.A. Electrophysiological evidence of a semantic system commonly accessed by animals and tools categories. Cognitive Brain Research 2001, 12:321-328.
51. Hoenig K., Sim E.-J., Bochev V., Herrnberger B., Kiefer M. Conceptual flexibility in the human brain: Dynamic recruitment of semantic maps from visual, motion and motor-related areas. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 2008, 20:1799-1814.
52. Holcomb P.J., Neville H.J. Auditory and visual semantic priming in lexical decision: A comparison using event-related potentials. Language and Cognitive Process 1990, 5:281-312.
53. Hommel B. The prepared reflex: Automaticity and control in stimulus-response translation. Attention and performance 18: Control of cognitive processes. Attention and performance series 2000, 247-273. MIT Press, Cambridge, MA. S. Monsell, J. Driver (Eds.).
54. Hopfinger J.B., Buonocore M.H., Mangun G.R. The neural mechanisms of top-down attentional control. Nature Neuroscience 2000, 3:284-291.
55. Hopfinger J.B., Woldorff M.G., Fletcher E.M., Mangun G.R. Dissociating top-down attentional control from selective perception and action. Neuropsychologia 2001, 39:1277-1291.
56. Houghton G., Pritchard R., Grange J.A. The role of cue-target translation in backward inhibition of attentional set. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 2009, 35:466-476.
57. Hübner M., Dreisbach G., Haider H., Kluwe R.H. Backward inhibition as a means of sequential task-set control: Evidence for reduction of task competition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 2003, 29:289-297.
58. Hübner R., Malinowski P. The effect of response competition on functional hemispheric asymmetries for global/local processing. Perception & Psychophysics 2002, 64:1290-1300.
59. Humphreys G.W., Riddoch M.J., Quinlan P.T. Cascade processes in picture identification. Cognitive Neuropsychology 1988, 5:67-103.
60. Huynh H., Feldt L.S. Conditions under which mean square ratios in repeated measures designs have exact F-distributions. Journal of the American Statistical Association 1970, 65:1582-1589.
61. Jacoby L.L. A process dissociation framework: Separating automatic from intentional uses of memory. Journal of Memory & Language 1991, 30:513-541.
62. Jaskowski P., Skalska B., Verleger R. How the self controls its " automatic pilot" when processing subliminal information. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 2003, 15:911-920.
63. Kellenbach M.L., Michie P.T. Modulation of event-related potentials by semantic priming: Effects of color-cued selective attention. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 1996, 8:155-173.
64. Kemp-Wheeler S.M., Hill A.B. Semantic and emotional priming below objective detection threshold. Cognition & Emotion 1992, 6:113-128.
65. Kiefer M. Perceptual and semantic sources of category-specific effects in object categorization: Event-related potentials during picture and word categorization. Memory & Cognition 2001, 29:100-116.
66. Kiefer M. The N400 is modulated by unconsciously perceived masked words: Further evidence for an automatic spreading activation account of N400 priming effects. Cognitive Brain Research 2002, 13:27-39.
67. Kiefer M. Repetition priming modulates category-related effects on event-related potentials: Further evidence for multiple cortical semantic systems. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 2005, 17:199-211.
68. Kiefer M. Top-down modulation of unconscious 'automatic' processes: A gating framework. Advances in Cognitive Psychology 2007, 3:289-306.
69. Kiefer M., Brendel D. Attentional modulation of unconscious " automatic" processes: Evidence from event-related potentials in a masked priming paradigm. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 2006, 18:184-198.
70. Kiefer M., Martens U., Weisbrod M., Hermle L., Spitzer M. Increased unconscious semantic activation in schizophrenia patients with formal thought disorder. Schizophrenia Research 2009, 114:79-83.
71. Kiefer M., Schuch S., Schenck W., Fiedler K. Mood states modulate activity in semantic brain areas during emotional word encoding. Cerebral Cortex 2007, 17:1516-1530.
72. Kiefer M., Sim E.-J., Herrnberger B., Grothe J., Hoenig K. The sound of concepts: Four markers for a link between auditory and conceptual brain systems. The Journal of Neuroscience 2008, 28:12224-12230.
73. Kiefer M., Spitzer M. Time course of conscious and unconscious semantic brain activation. NeuroReport 2000, 11:2401-2407.
74. Kiefer M., Weisbrod M., Kern I., Maier S., Spitzer M. Right hemisphere activation during indirect semantic priming: Evidence from event-related potentials. Brain and Language 1998, 64:377-408.
75. Kiesel A., Kunde W., Pohl C., Berner M.P., Hoffmann J. Playing chess unconsciously. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 2009, 35:292-298.
76. Kiesel, A., Steinhauser, M., Wendt, M., Falkenstein, M., Jost, K., Philipp, A. M., & Koch, I. (in press). Control and inference in task switching. Psychological Bulletin.
77. Klotz W., Neumann O. Motor activation without conscious discrimination in metacontrast masking. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance 1999, 25:976-992.
78. Koivisto M. Categorical priming in the cerebral hemispheres: Automatic in the left hemisphere, postlexical in the right hemisphere?. Neuropsychologia 1998, 36:661-668.
79. Kuhl J., Kazén M. Volitional facilitation of difficult intentions: Joint activation of intention memory and positive affect removes Stroop interference. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General 1999, 128:382-399.
80. Kunde W., Kiesel A., Hoffmann J. Conscious control over the content of unconscious cognition. Cognition 2003, 88:223-242.
81. Kutas M., Hillyard S.A. Reading senseless sentences: Brain potentials reflect semantic incongruity. Science 1980, January 11, 207:203-205.
82. Kutas M., Van Petten C.K. Psycholinguistics electrified. Handbook of psycholinguistics 1994, 83-143. Academic Press, New York, NY. M.A. Gernsbacher (Ed.).
83. Logan G.D. Automaticity and cognitive control. Unintended thought 1989, 52-74. Guilford Press, New York, NY. J.S. Uleman, J.A. Bargh (Eds.).
84. Logan G.D. Executive control of thought and action: In search of the wild homunculus. Current Directions in Psychological Science 2003, 12:45-48.
85. Lupker S.J., Davis C.J. Sandwich priming: A method for overcoming the limitations of masked priming by reducing lexical competitor effects. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 2009, 35:618-639.
86. Makeig S., Bell A.J., Jung T.-P., Ghahremani D., Sejnowski T.J. Blind separation of auditory event-related brain responses into independent components. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA 1997, 94:10979-10984.
87. Mari-Beffa P., Houghton G., Estevez A.F., Fuentes L.J. Word-based grouping affects the prime-task effect on semantic priming. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance 2000, 26:469-479.
88. Mari-Beffa P., Valdes B., Cullen D.J., Catena A., Houghton G. ERP analyses of task effects on semantic processing from words. Cognitive Brain Research 2005, 23:293-305.
89. Martens U., Kiefer M. Specifying attentional top-down influences on subsequent unconscious semantic processing. Advances in Cognitive Psychology 2009, 5:56-68.
90. Maxfield L. Attention and semantic priming: A review of prime task effects. Consciousness & Cognition 1997, 6:204-218.
91. Mayr U., Diedrichsen J., Ivry R., Keele S.W. Dissociating task-set selection from task-set inhibition in the prefrontal cortex. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 2006, 18:14-21.
92. Mayr U., Keele S.W. Changing internal constraints on action: The role of backward inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General 2000, 129:4-26.
93. McCarthy G., Nobre A.C. Modulation of semantic processing by spatial selective attention. Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology 1993, 88:210-219.
94. Merikle P.M., Joordens S., Stolz J.A. Measuring the relative magnitude of unconscious influences. Consciousness and Cognition 1995, 4:422-439.
95. Milner A.D., Goodale M.A. The visual brain in action 1995, Oxford University Press, Oxford, England.
96. Monsell S. Task switching. Trends in Cognitive Sciences 2003, 7:134-140.
97. Morris J.S., Öhman A., Dolan R.J. Conscious and unconscious emotional learning in the human amygdala. Nature 1998, March 13, 393:467-470.
98. Müller H.J., Reimann B., Krummenacher J. Visual search for singleton feature targets across dimensions: Stimulus- and expectancy-driven effects in dimensional weighting. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance 2003, 29:1021-1035.
99. Munneke J., Heslenfeld D.J., Theeuwes J. Directing attention to a location in space results in retinotopic activation in primary visual cortex. Brain Research 2008, 1222:184-191.
100. Naccache L., Blandin E., Dehaene S. Unconscious masked priming depends on temporal attention. Psychological Science 2002, 13:416-424.
101. Neely J.H. Semantic priming and retrieval from lexical memory: Roles of inhibitionless spreading activation and limited-capacity attention. Journal of Experimental Psychology 1977, 106:226-254.
102. Neely J.H. Semantic priming effects in visual word recognition: A selective review of current findings and theories. Basic progresses in reading-Visual word recognition 1991, 264-333. Erlbaum, Hillsdale, NJ. D. Besner, G.W. Humphreys (Eds.).
103. Nestor P.G., Han S.D., Niznikiewicz M., Salisbury D., Spencer K., Shenton M.E., McCarley R.W. Semantic disturbance in schizophrenia and its relationship to the cognitive neuroscience of attention. Biological Psychology 2001, 57:23-46.
104. Neumann O. Automatic processing: A review of recent findings and a plea for an old theory. Cognition and motor processes 1984, 245-293. Springer, Berlin, Germany. W. Prinz, A.F. Sanders (Eds.).
105. Neumann O. Direct parameter specification and the concept of perception. Psychological Research 1990, 52:207-215.
106. Neumann O., Klotz W. Motor responses to nonreportable, masked stimuli: Where is the limit of direct parameter specification?. Attention and performance 15: Conscious and nonconscious information processing 1994, 123-150. MIT Press, Cambridge, MA. C. Umiltá, M. Moscovitch (Eds.).
107. Nobre A.C., McCarthy G. Language-related field potentials in the anterior-medial temporal lobe: II. Effects of word type and semantic priming. The Journal of Neuroscience 1995, 15:1090-1098.
108. Öhman A., Soares J.J. Emotional conditioning to masked stimuli: Expectancies for aversive outcomes following nonrecognized fear-relevant stimuli. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General 1998, 127:69-82.
109. Oldfield R. The assessment and analysis of handedness: The Edinburgh Inventory. Neuropsychologia 1971, 9:97-113.
110. Pessoa L., Kastner S., Ungerleider L.G. Neuroimaging studies of attention: From modulation of sensory processing to top-down control. The Journal of Neuroscience 2003, 23:3990-3998.
111. Pessoa L., McKenna M., Gutierrez E., Ungerleider L.G. Neural processing of emotional faces requires attention. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA 2002, 99:11458-11463.
112. Posner M.I., DiGirolamo G.J. Executive attention: Conflict, target detection and cognitive control. The attentive brain 1998, 401-423. MIT Press, Cambridge, MA. R. Parasuman (Ed.).
113. Posner M.I., Snyder C.R.R. Attention and cognitive control. Information processing and cognition: The Loyola Symposium 1975, 55-85. Erlbaum, Hillsdale, NJ. R.L. Solso (Ed.).
114. Posner M.I., Snyder C.R., Davidson B.J. Attention and the detection of signals. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General 1980, 109:160-174.
115. Rees G., Russell C., Frith C.D., Driver J. Inattentional blindness versus inattentional amnesia for fixated but ignored words. Science 1999, December 24, 286:2504-2507.
116. Reynolds J.H., Chelazzi L., Desimone R. Competitive mechanisms subserve attention in macaque areas V2 and V4. The Journal of Neuroscience 1999, 19:1736-1753.
117. Reynolds J.H., Pasternak T., Desimone R. Attention increases sensitivity of V4 neurons. Neuron 2000, 26:703-714.
118. Rogers R.D., Monsell S. Costs of a predictible switch between simple cognitive tasks. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General 1995, 124:207-231.
119. Rogers R.D., Sahakian B.J., Hodges J.R., Polkey C.E., Kennard C., Robbins T.W. Dissociating executive mechanisms of task control following frontal lobe damage and Parkinson's disease. Brain 1998, 121:815-842.
120. Rolke B., Heil M., Streb J., Henninghausen E. Missed prime words within the attentional blink evoke an N400 semantic priming effect. Psychophysiology 2001, 38:165-174.
121. Rubia K., Smith A.B., Brammer M.J., Taylor E. Right inferior prefrontal cortex mediates response inhibition while mesial prefrontal cortex is responsible for error detection. NeuroImage 2003, 20:351-358.
122. Ruoff A. Häufigkeitswörterbuch gesprochener Sprache [Dictionary word frequency in spoken language] 1990, Niemeyer, Tübingen. 2nd ed.
123. Schneider W., Shiffrin R.M. Controlled and automatic human information processing: 1. Detection, search, and attention. Psychological Review 1977, 84:1-66.
124. Schriefers H. Lexical access in the production of noun phrases. Cognition 1992, 45:33-54.
125. Simmons W.K., Hamann S.B., Harenski C.L., Hu X.P., Barsalou L.W. fMRI evidence for word association and situated simulation in conceptual processing. Journal of Physiology (Paris) 2008, 102:106-119.
126. Spitzer M. A cognitive neuroscience view of schizophrenic thought disorder. Schizophrenia Bulletin 1997, 23:29-50.
127. Spitzer M., Braun U., Hermle L., Maier S. Associative semantic network dysfunction in thought-disordered schizophrenic patients: Direct evidence from indirect semantic priming. Biological Psychiatry 1993, 34:864-877.
128. Stone G.O., Van Orden G.C. Strategic control of processing in word recognition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance 1993, 19:744-774.
129. Stroop J.R. Studies of interference in serial verbal reactions. Journal of Experimental Psychology 1935, 18:643-662.
130. Tomita H., Ohbayashi M., Nakahara K., Hasegawa I., Miyashita Y. Top-down signal from prefrontal cortex in executive control of memory retrieval. Nature 1999, October 14, 401:699-703.
131. Treue S., Martíinez Trujillo J.C. Feature-based attention influences motion processing gain in macaque visual cortex. Nature 1999, June 10, 399:575-579.
132. Tucker M., Ellis R. On the relations between seen objects and components of potential actions. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance 1998, 24:830-846.
133. Tulving E., Schacter D.L. Priming and human memory systems. Science 1990, January 19, 247:301-306.
134. Valdes B., Catena A., Mari-Beffa P. Automatic and controlled semantic processing: A masked prime-task effect. Consciousness and Cognition 2005, 14:278-295.
135. Vandenberghe R., Price C., Wise R., Josephs Q., Frackowiak R.S.J. Functional anatomy of a common semantic system for words and pictures. Nature 1996, October, 383:254-256.
136. van Elk M., van Schie H.T., Bekkering H. Short-term action intentions overrule long-term semantic knowledge. Cognition 2009, 111:72-83.
137. Verleger R., Jaskowski P., Aydemir A., van der Lubbe R.H., Groen M. Qualitative differences between conscious and nonconscious processing? On inverse priming induced by masked arrows. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General 2004, 133:494-515.
138. Vorberg D., Mattler U., Heinecke A., Schmidt T., Schwarzbach J. Different time courses for visual perception and action priming. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA 2003, 100:6275-6280.
139. Watkins P.C., Vache K., Verney S.P., Muller S., Mathews A. Unconscious mood-congruent memory bias in depression. Journal of Abnormal Psychology 1996, 105:34-41.
140. Webster M.J., Bachevalier J., Ungerleider L.G. Connections of inferior temporal areas TEO and TE with parietal and frontal cortex in macaque monkeys. Cerebral Cortex 1994, 4:470-483.
141. Weinberger D.R., Egan M.F., Bertolino A., Callicott J.H., Mattay V.S., Lipska B.K., Goldberg T.E. Prefrontal neurons and the genetics of schizophrenia. Biological Psychiatry 2001, 50:825-844.
142. Wiese H., Schweinberger S.R., Neumann M.F. Perceiving age and gender in unfamiliar faces: Brain potential evidence for implicit and explicit person categorization. Psychophysiology 2008, 45:957-969.
143. Wolbers T., Schoell E.D., Verleger R., Kraft S., McNamara A., Jaskowski P., Büchel C. Changes in connectivity profiles as a mechanism for strategic control over interfering subliminal information. Cerebral Cortex 2006, 16:857-864.
144. Yap M.J., Balota D.A., Cortese M.J., Watson J.M. Single- versus dual-process models of lexical decision performance: Insights from response time distributional analysis. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance 2006, 32:1324-1344.