Event-related potential indices of semantic priming using masked and unmasked words: Evidence that the N400 does not reflect a post-lexical process

Cognitive Brain Research

Volumn 9, Issue 2, 2000, Pages 137-146

  Deacon, Diana ^a   Hewitt, Sean ^a   Yang, Chien Ming ^a   Nagata, Masanouri ^a  

^a CITY COLLEGE OF NEW YORK   (United States)

Author keywords

Masked priming; N400; Semantic priming

Indexed keywords

ADULT; ARTICLE; BEHAVIOR; DATA ANALYSIS; ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAM; EVENT RELATED POTENTIAL; FEMALE; HUMAN; HUMAN EXPERIMENT; LINGUISTICS; MALE; MASKING; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGY; SEMANTICS;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; CEREBRAL CORTEX; DECISION MAKING; ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAPHY; ELECTROOCULOGRAPHY; EVOKED POTENTIALS, VISUAL; FEMALE; HUMANS; MALE; PERCEPTUAL MASKING; PHOTIC STIMULATION; REACTION TIME; READING; SEMANTICS;

EID: 0034061444     PISSN: 09266410     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0926-6410(99)00050-6     Document Type: Article

References (31)

1. Anderson J., Holcomb P. Auditory and visual semantic priming using different stimulus onset asynchronies: an event-related brain potential study. Psychophysiology. 32:1995;177-190.
2. Battig W.F., Montague W.E. Category norms for verbal items in 56 categories: a replication and extension of the Connecticut norms. Journal of Experimental Psychology Monographs. 80(3):1969;1-45. Pt. 2.
3. Bentin S., McCarthy G., Wood C.C. Event-related potentials, lexical decision and semantic processing. Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology. 60:1985;343-355.
4. Besson M., Kutas M. The many facets of repetition: a cued-recall and event-related potential analysis of repeating words in same versus different sentence contexts. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory and Cognition. 19(5):1993;1115-1133.
5. Boddy J. Event-related potentials in chronometric analysis of primed word recognition with different stimulus onset asynchronies. Psychophysiology. 23:1986;232-245.
6. Brown C., Hagoort P. The processing nature of the N400: evidence from masked priming. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience. 5(1):1993;34-44.
7. Carr T.H., Dagenbach D. Semantic priming and repetition priming from masked words: evidence for a center-surround attentional mechanism in perceptual recognition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory and Cognition. 16:1990;341-350.
8. J.B. Carroll, P. Davies, B. Richman, The American Heritage Word Frequency Book, American Heritage Pub., New York, 1971.
9. B. Condor, K.B. Campbell, Poster presented at the Annual Meeting of the Society for Psychophysiological Research, 1991.
10. Dagenbach D., Carr T.H., Wilhelmsen A. Task-induced strategies and near-threshold priming: conscious effects on unconscious perception. Journal of Memory and Language. 28:1989;412-443.
11. Dark V.J., Benson K. Semantic priming and identification of near threshold primes in a lexical decision task. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology. 43 A(1):1991;53-78.
12. Deacon D., Breton F., Ritter W., Vaughan H.G. Jr. The relationship between N2 and N400: scalp distribution, stimulus probability, and task relevance. Psychophysiology. 28:1991;85-200.
13. Deacon D., Hewitt S., Tamny T. Event-related potential indices of semantic priming following an unrelated intervening item. Cognitive Brain Research. 6:1998;219-225.
14. Deacon D., Mehta A., Nousak J.K., Tinsley C. Variation in the latencies and amplitudes of N400 and NA as a function of semantic priming. Psychophysiology. 32:1995;560-570.
15. Deacon D., Uhm T., Ritter W., Hewitt S. The lifetime of automatic priming effects may exceed two seconds. Cognitive Brain Research. 7:1999;465-472.
16. Duncan-Johnson C., Kopell B. The Stroop effect: brain potentials localize the source of interference. Science. 214:1981;938-940.
17. Fischler I., Goodman G.O. Latency of associated activation in memory. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance. 4:1978;455-470.
18. Holcomb P.J. Semantic priming and stimulus degradation: implications for the role of the N400 in language processing. Psychophysiology. 30:1993;47-61.
19. Kutas M., Hillyard S.A. Reading senseless sentences: brain potentials reflect semantic incongruity. Science. 207:1980;203-205.
20. Kutas M., Hillyard S.A. Brain potentials reflect word expectancy and semantic association during reading. Nature. 307:1984;161-163.
21. Kutas M., McCarthy G., Donchin E. Augmenting mental chronometry: the P300 as a measure of stimulus evaluation time. Science. 197:1979;792-795.
22. McCarthy G., Donchin E. A metric for thought: a comparison of P300 latency and reaction time. Science. 211:1979;77-80.
23. Neely J.H. Semantic priming and retrieval from lexical memory: roles of inhibitionless spreading activation and limited capacity attention. Journal of Experimental Psychology General. 106:1977;226-254.
24. J.H. Neely, D.E. Keefe, Semantic context effects on visual word processing: a hybrid prospective/retrospective processing theory, in: G.H. Bower (Ed.), The Psychology of Learning and Motivation: Advances in Research and Theory, Vol. 23, Academic Press, New York, 1989, pp. 207-248.
25. Ragot R., Renault B. P300 as a function of S-R compatibility and motor programming. Biological Psychology. 13:1981;289-294.
26. Rugg M.D. Dissociation of semantic priming, word and non-word repetition effects by event-related potentials. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology. 39A:1987;l23-l47.
27. Rugg M.D. The effects of semantic priming and word repetition on event-related potentials. Psychophysiology. 22:1985;642-647.
28. M.D. Rugg, M.C. Doyle, Event-related potentials and stimulus repetition in indirect and direct tests of memory, in: H. Heinze, T. Munte, G.R. Mangun (Eds.), Cognitive Electrophysiology, Birkhauser Boston, Cambridge, MA, 1994.
29. Rugg M.D., Doyle M.C., Holdstock J.S. Modulation of event-related brain potentials by word repetition: effects of local context. Psychophysiology. 31:1994;447-459.
30. Schnyer D.M., Allen J.J., Forster K.I. Event-related brain potential examination of implicit memory processes: masked and unmasked repetition priming. Neuropsychology. 11(2):1994;243-260.
31. Van Petten C., Kutas M. Interactions between sentence context and word frequency in event-related brain potentials. Memory and Cognition. 18:1990;380-393.