Organic solar cells: Problems and perspectives

International Journal of Photoenergy

Volumn 2010, Issue , 2010, Pages

  Chidichimo, G ^a   Filippelli, L ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CALABRIA   (Italy)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ENERGY GAP; MATERIALS HANDLING; NANOSTRUCTURED MATERIALS; PHOTOELECTROCHEMICAL CELLS; SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; SEMICONDUCTOR MATERIALS; SOLAR POWER GENERATION;

CELL PROBLEMS; CELL-BE; CELL/B.E; CELL/BE; ELECTRIC ENERGIES; INORGANIC SEMICONDUCTORS; MANUFACTURE PROCESS; ORGANIC MATERIALS; ORGANICS; RESEARCH CHALLENGES;

ORGANIC SOLAR CELLS;

EID: 77955389683     PISSN: 1110662X     EISSN: 1110662X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1155/2010/123534     Document Type: Article

References (76)

1. Marks R. N., Halls J. J. M., Bradley D. D. C., Friend R. H., Holmes A. B., The photovoltaic response in poly(p-phenylene vinylene) thin-film devices Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter 1994 6 7 1379 1394
2. Yu G., Gao J., Hummelen J. C., Wudl F., Heeger A. J., Polymer photovoltaic cells: enhanced efficiencies via a network of internal donor-acceptor heterojunctions Science 1995 270 5243 1789 1791
3. Brabec C. J., Sariciftci N. S., Hummelen J. C., Plastic solar cells Advanced Funtional Materials 2001 11 1 15 26
4. Brutting W., Physics of Organic Semiconductors 2005 Weinheim, Germany Wiley-VCH
5. Brabec C., Dyakonov V., Parisi J., Sariciftci N. S., Organic Photovoltaics: Concepts and Realization 2003 New York, NY, USA Springer
6. Sun S. S., Sariciftci N. S., Organic Photovoltaics: Mechanisms, Materials, and Devices 2005 New York, NY, USA Taylor Francis
7. Gnes S., Neugebauer H., Sariciftci N. S., Conjugated polymer-based organic solar cells Chemical Reviews 2007 107 4 1324 1338
8. Xue J., Rand B. P., Uchida S., Forrest S. R., A hybrid planar-mixed molecular heterojunction photovoltaic cell Advanced Materials 2005 17 1 66 71
9. Kippelen B., Brdas J.-L., Organic photovoltaics Energy and Environmental Science 2009 2 3 251 261
10. Tang C. W., Two-layer organic photovoltaic cell Applied Physics Letters 1986 48 2 183 185
11. Rand B. P., Genoe J., Heremans P., Poortmans J., Solar cells utilizing small molecular weight organic semiconductors Progress in Photovoltaics: Research and Applications 2007 15 8 659 676
12. Mutolo K. L., Mayo E. I., Rand B. P., Forrest S. R., Thompson M. E., Enhanced open-circuit voltage in subphthalocyanine/C60 organic photovoltaic cells Journal of the American Chemical Society 2006 128 25 8108 8109
13. Gommans H., Cheyns D., Aernouts T., Girotto C., Poortmans J., Heremans P., Electro-optical study of subphthalocyanine in a bilayer organic solar cell Advanced Functional Materials 2007 17 15 2653 2658
14. Peumans P., Yakimov A., Forrest S. R., Small molecular weight organic thin-film photodetectors and solar cells Journal of Applied Physics 2003 93 7 3693 3723
15. Paul H., David C., Rand B. P., Strategies for increasing the efficiency of heterojunction organic solar cells: material selection and device architecture Accounts of Chemical Research 2009 42 11 1740 1747
16. Ogata H., Higashi R., Kobayashi N., Electronic absorption spectra of substituted phthalocyanines in solution and as films Journal of Porphyrins and Phthalocyanines 2003 7 8 551 557
17. George R. D., Snow A. W., Shirk J. S., Barger W. R., The alpha substitution effect on phthalocyanine aggregation Journal of Porphyrins and Phthalocyanines 1998 2 1 1 7
18. Bundgaard E., Krebs F. C., Low band gap polymers for organic photovoltaics Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells 2007 91 11 954 985
19. Smestad G. P., Krebs F. C., Lampert C. M., Granqvist C. G., Chopra K. L., Mathew X., Takakura H., Reporting solar cell efficiencies in Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells 2008 92 4 371 373
20. Bailey-Salzman R. F., Rand B. P., Forrest S. R., Near-infrared sensitive small molecule organic photovoltaic cells based on chloroaluminum phthalocyanine Applied Physics Letters 2007 91 1 3
21. Ko C.-J., Lin Y.-K., Chen F.-C., Chu C.-W., Modified buffer layers for polymer photovoltaic devices Applied Physics Letters 2007 90 6 3
22. Li G., Shrotriya V., Huang J., Yao Y., Moriarty T., Emery K., Yang Y., High-efficiency solution processable polymer photovoltaic cells by self-organization of polymer blends Nature Materials 2005 4 11 864 868
23. Ma W., Yang C., Gong X., Lee K., Heeger A. J., Thermally stable, efficient polymer solar cells with nanoscale control of the interpenetrating network morphology Advanced Functional Materials 2005 15 10 1617 1622
24. Reyes-Reyes M., Kim K., Carroll D. L., High-efficiency photovoltaic devices based on annealed poly(3-hexylthiophene) and 1-(3-methoxycarbonyl)- propyl-1- phenyl- (6,6) C61 blends Applied Physics Letters 2005 87 8 3
25. Reyes-Reyes M., Kim K., Dewald J., Lpez-Sandoval R., Avadhanula A., Curran S., Carroll D. L., Meso-structure formation for enhanced organic photovoltaic cells Organic Letters 2005 7 26 5749 5752
26. Kroon R., Lenes M., Hummelen J. C., Blom P. W. M., De Boer B., Small bandgap polymers for organic solar cells (polymer material development in the last 5 years) Polymer Reviews 2008 48 3 531 582
27. Ismail Y. A.M., Soga T., Jimbo T., Improvement in light harvesting and performance of P3HT:PCBM solar cell by using 9,10-diphenylanthracene Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells 2009 93 9 1582 1586
28. Peumans P., Yakimov A., Forrest S. R., Small molecular weight organic thin-film photodetectors and solar cells Journal of Applied Physics 2003 93 7 3693 3723
29. Pettersson L. A. A., Roman L. S., Ingans O., Modeling photocurrent action spectra of photovoltaic devices based on organic thin films Journal of Applied Physics 1999 86 1 487 496
30. Cheyns D., Rand B. P., Verreet B., Genoe J., Poortmans J., Heremans P., The angular response of ultrathin film organic solar cells Applied Physics Letters 2008 92 24
31. Gommans H., Cheyns D., Aernouts T., Girotto C., Poortmans J., Heremans P., Electro-optical study of subphthalocyanine in a bilayer organic solar cell Advanced Functional Materials 2007 17 15 2653 2658
32. Verreet B., Schols S., Cheyns D., Rand B. P., Gommans H., Aernouts T., Heremans P., Genoe J., The characterization of chloroboron (iii) subnaphthalocyanine thin films and their application as a donor material for organic solar cells Journal of Materials Chemistry 2009 19 30 5295 5297
33. Friend R. H., Denton G. J., Halls J. J. M., Harrison N. T., Holmes A. B., Khler A., Lux A., Moratti S. C., Pichler K., Tessler N., Towns K., Wittmann H. F., Electronic excitations in luminescent conjugated polymers Solid State Communications 1997 102 2-3 249 258
34. Friend R. H., Denton G. J., Halls J. J. M., Harrison N. T., Holmes A. B., Khler A., Lux A., Moratti S. C., Pichler K., Tessler N., Towns K., Electronic processes of conjugated polymers in semiconductor device structures Synthetic Metals 1997 84 13 463 470
35. Simon J., Andr J.J., Molecular Semiconductors 1985 Berlin, Germany Springer
36. Riede M., Mueller T., Tress W., Schueppel R., Leo K., Small-molecule solar cellsstatus and perspectives Nanotechnology 2008 19 42
37. Rand B. P., Genoe J., Heremans P., Poortmans J., Solar cells utilizing small molecular weight organic semiconductors Progress in Photovoltaics: Research and Applications 2007 15 8 659 676
38. Thompson B. C., Frchet J. M. J., Polymer-fullerene composite solar cells Angewandte Chemie-International Edition 2008 47 1 58 77
39. Dennler G., Scharber M. C., Brabec C. J., Polymer-fullerene bulk-heterojunction solar cells Advanced Materials 2009 21 13 1323 1338
40. Kymakis E., Alexandrou I., Amaratunga G. A. J., High open-circuit voltage photovoltaic devices from carbon-nanotube-polymer composites Journal of Applied Physics 2003 93 3 1764 1768
41. Kymakis E., Amaratunga G. A. J., Photovoltaic cells based on dye-sensitisation of single-wall carbon nanotubes in a polymer matrix Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells 2003 80 4 465 472
42. Halls J. J. M., Walsh C. A., Greenham N. C., Marseglla E. A., Friend R. H., Moratti S. C., Holmes A. B., Efficient photodiodes from interpenetrating polymer networks Nature 1995 376 6540 498 500
43. Yu G., Heeger A. J., Charge separation and photovoltaic conversion in polymer composites with internal donor/acceptor heterojunctions Journal of Applied Physics 1995 78 7 4510 4515
44. McNeill C. R., Abrusci A., Zaumseil J., Wilson R., McKiernan M. J., Burroughes J. H., Halls J. J. M., Greenham N. C., Friend R. H., Dual electron donor/electron acceptor character of a conjugated polymer in efficient photovoltaic diodes Applied Physics Letters 2007 90 19
45. Bates F. S., Fredrickson G. H., Block copolymers-designer soft materials Physics Today 1999 52 2 32 38
46. Meyers F., Heeger A. J., Brdas J. L., Fine tuning of the band gap in conjugated polymers via control of block copolymer sequences The Journal of Chemical Physics 1992 97 4 2750 2758
47. Sommer M., Lang A. S., Thelakkat M., Crystalline-crystalline donor-acceptor block copolymers Angewandte Chemie. International Edition 2008 47 41 7901 7904
48. Zhang Q., Cirpan A., Russell T. P., Emrick T., Donor-acceptor poly(thiophene-block-perylene diimide) copolymers: Synthesis and solar cell fabrication Macromolecules 2009 42 4 1079 1082
49. de Cupere V., Tant J., Viville P., Lazzaroni R., Osikowicz W., Salaneck W. R., Geerts Y. H., Effect of interfaces on the alignment of a discotic liquid-crystalline phthalocyanine Langmuir 2006 22 18 7798 7806
50. van Breemen A. J. J. M., Herwig P. T., Chlon C. H. T., Sweelssen J., Schoo H. F. M., Setayesh S., Hardeman W. M., Martin C. A., De Leeuw D. M., Valeton J. J. P., Bastiaansen C. W. M., Broer D. J., Popa-Merticaru A. R., Meskers S. C. J., Large area liquid crystal monodomain field-effect transistors Journal of the American Chemical Society 2006 128 7 2336 2345
51. Tracz A., Jeszka J. K., Watson M. D., Pisula W., Mllen K., Pakula T., Uniaxial alignment of the columnar super-structure of a hexa (alkyl) hexa-peri-hexabenzocoronene on untreated glass by simple solution processing Journal of the American Chemical Society 2003 125 7 1682 1683
52. Pisula W., Menon A., Stepputat M., Lieberwirth I., Kolb U., Tracz A., Sirringhaus H., Pakula T., Mllen K., A zone-casting technique for device fabrication of field-effect transistors based on discotic hexa- peri -hexabenzocoronene Advanced Materials 2005 17 6 684 689
53. Monobe H., Awazu K., Shimizu Y., Change of liquid-crystal domains by vibrational excitation for a columnar mesophase Advanced Materials 2000 12 20 1495 1499
54. Zimmermann S., Wendorff J. H., Weder C., Uniaxial orientation of columnar discotic liquid crystals Chemistry of Materials 2002 14 5 2218 2223
55. Bunk O., Nielsen M. M., Slling T. I., Van de Craats A. M., Stutzmann N., Induced alignment of a solution-cast discotic hexabenzocoronene derivative for electronic devices investigated by surface X-ray diffraction Journal of the American Chemical Society 2003 125 8 2252 2258
56. Hoeben F. J. M., Jonkheijm P., Meijer E. W., Schenning A. P. H. J., About supramolecular assemblies of -conjugated systems Chemical Reviews 2005 105 4 1491 1546
57. Elemans J. A. A. W., Rowan A. E., Nolte R. J. M., Mastering molecular matter. Supramolecular architectures by hierarchical self-assembly Journal of Materials Chemistry 2003 13 11 2661 2670
58. Simpson C. D., Wu J., Watson M. D., Mllen K., From graphite molecules to columnar superstructuresan exercise in nanoscience Journal of Materials Chemistry 2004 14 4 494 504
59. Adam D., Schuhmacher P., Simmerer J., Hussling L., Siemensmeyer K., Etzbach K. H., Ringsdorft H., Haarer D., Fast photoconduction in the highly ordered columnar phase of a discotic liquid crystal Nature 1994 371 6493 141 143
60. Crispin X., Cornil J., Friedlein R., Okudaira K. K., Lemaur V., Crispin A., Kestemont G., Lehmann M., Fahlman M., Lazzaroni R., Geerts Y., Wendin G., Ueno N., Brdas J.-L., Salaneck W. R., Electronic delocalization in discotic liquid crystals: a joint experimental and theoretical study Journal of the American Chemical Society 2004 126 38 11889 11899
61. Warman J. M., De Haas M. P., Dicker G., Grozema F. C., Piris J., Debije M. G., Charge mobilities in organic semiconducting materials determined by pulse-radiolysis time-resolved microwave conductivity: -Bond-conjugated polymers versus - -stacked discotics Chemistry of Materials 2004 16 23 4600 4609
62. An Z., Yu J., Jones S. C., Barlow S., Yoo S., Domercq B., Prins P., Siebbeles L. D. A., Kippelen B., Marder S. R., High electron mobility in room-temperature discotic liquid-crystalline perylene diimides Advanced Materials 2005 17 21 2580 2583
63. Jones B. A., Ahrens M. J., Yoon M.-H., Facchetti A., Marks T. J., Wasielewski M. R., High-mobility air-stable n-type semiconductors with processing versatility: dicyanoperylene-3,4:9,10-bis(dicarboximides) Angewandte Chemie-International Edition 2004 43 46 6363 6366
64. Iino H., Takayashiki Y., Hanna J.-I., Bushby R. J., Haarer D., High electron mobility of 0.1 cm2V-1s-1 in the highly ordered columnar phase of hexahexylthiotriphenylene Applied Physics Letters 2005 87 19 3
65. Markovitsi D., Marguet S., Bondkowski J., Kumar S., Triplet excitation transfer in triphenylene columnar phases Journal of Physical Chemistry B 2001 105 7 1299 1306
66. Schmidt-Mende L., Fechtenktter A., Mllen K., Moons E., Friend R. H., MacKenzie J. D., Self-organized discotic liquid crystals for high-efficiency organic photovoltaics Science 2001 293 5532 1119 1122
67. Chidichimo G., De Filpo G., Manfredi S., Mormile S., Tortora L., Gallucci C., Cassano R., High contrast reverse mode PDLC films: A morphologic and electro-Optical analysis Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals 2009 500 10 22
68. Grtzel M., Photoelectrochemical cells Nature 2001 414 6861 338 344
69. Nusbaumer H., Moser J.-E., Zakeeruddin S. M., Nazeeruddin M. K., Grtzel M., Co II (dbbip) 2 2 + complex rivals tri-iodide/iodide redox mediator in dye-sensitized photovoltaic cells Journal of Physical Chemistry B 2001 105 43 10461 10464
70. Hattori S., Wada Y., Yanagida S., Fukuzumi S., Blue copper model complexes with distorted tetragonal geometry acting as effective electron-transfer mediators in dye-sensitized solar cells Journal of the American Chemical Society 2005 127 26 9648 9654
71. Kubo W., Murakoshi K., Kitamura T., Yoshida S., Haruki M., Hanabusa K., Shirai H., Wada Y., Yanagida S., Quasi-solid-state dye-sensitized TiO2 solar cells: effective charge transport in mesoporous space filled with gel electrolytes containing iodide and iodine Journal of Physical Chemistry B 2001 105 51 12809 12815
72. Sicot L., Fiorini C., Lorin A., Nunzi J.-M., Raimond P., Sentein C., Dye sensitized polythiophene solar cells Synthetic Metals 1999 102 13 991 992
73. Gebeyehu D., Brabec C. J., Sariciftci N. S., Vangeneugden D., Kiebooms R., Vanderzande D., Kienberger F., Schindler H., Hybrid solar cells based on dye-sensitized nanoporous TiO2 electrodes and conjugated polymers as hole transport materials Synthetic Metals 2002 125 3 279 287
74. Murakoshi K., Kogure R., Wada Y., Yanagida S., Fabrication of solid-state dye-sensitized TiO2 solar cells combined with polypyrrole Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells 1998 55 1-2 113 125
75. Gonzalez-Valls I., Lira-Cantu M., Vertically-aligned nanostructures of ZnO for excitonic solar cells: a review Energy and Environmental Science 2009 2 1 19 34
76. Sicot L., Fiorini C., Lorin A., Raimond P., Sentein C., Nunzi J.-M., Improvement of the photovoltaic properties of polythiophene-based cells Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells 2000 63 1 49 60