Emission patterns and spatiotemporal variations of halocarbons in the Pearl River Delta region, southern China

Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres

Volumn 115, Issue 15, 2010, Pages

  Zhang, Y L ^a,b   Guo, H ^b   Wang, X M ^a   Simpson, I J ^c   Barletta, B ^c   Blake, D R ^c   Meinardi, S ^c   Rowland, F S ^c   Cheng, H R ^b   Saunders, S M ^d   Lam, S H M ^d  

^a GUANGZHOU INSTITUTE OF GEOCHEMISTRY   (China)

^b HONG KONG POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY   (Hong Kong)

^c UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^d UNIVERSITY OF WESTERN AUSTRALIA   (Australia)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CHLOROFLUOROCARBONS; ELECTRONICS INDUSTRY; FRUITS; THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY;

AIR SAMPLES; ANNUAL TRENDS; CHLORINATED COMPOUNDS; EMISSION PATTERN; EMISSION SOURCES; HONG-KONG; HYDROCHLOROFLUOROCARBONS; LOCAL GOVERNMENT; MIXING RATIOS; MONTREAL PROTOCOLS; PEARL RIVER DELTA; PEARL RIVER DELTA REGION; RESEARCH TEAMS; SIMILAR TEMPORAL PATTERNS; SOURCE PROFILES; SOUTHERN CHINA; SPATIO-TEMPORAL VARIATION; TEMPORAL PATTERN;

HALOCARBONS;

ATMOSPHERIC POLLUTION; CARBON EMISSION; CFC; CHLORINATED HYDROCARBON; ELECTRONICS INDUSTRY; HYDROCHLOROFLUOROCARBON; MONTREAL PROTOCOL; SAMPLE PREPARATION; SOLVENT; SPATIOTEMPORAL ANALYSIS;

CHINA; GUANGDONG; HONG KONG; ZHUJIANG DELTA;

EID: 77955356082     PISSN: 01480227     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1029/2009JD013726     Document Type: Article

References (85)

1. Altshuller, A. P. (1976), Average tropospheric concentration of carbon tetrachloride based on industrial production, usage, and emissions, Environ. Sci. Technol., 10, 596-598, doi:10.1021/es60117a007.
2. Andreae, M. O., and P. Merlet (2001), Emission of trace gases and aerosols from biomass burning, Global Biogeochem. Cycles, 15, 955-966, doi:10.1029/2000GB001382. (Pubitemid 34077846)
3. Aucott, M. L., A. McCulloch, T. E. Graedel, G. Kleiman, P. Midgley, and Y. F. Li (1999), Anthropogenic emissions of trichloromethane (chloroform, CHCl3) and chlorodifluoromethane (HCFC-22): Reactive chlorine emissions inventory, J. Geophys. Res., 104, 8405-8415, doi:10.1029/ 1999JD900053.
4. Barletta, B., S. Meinardi, I. J. Simpson, F. S. Rowland, C. Y. Chan, X. M. Wang, S. C. Zou, L. Y. Chan, and D. R. Blake (2006), Ambient halocarbon mixing ratios in 45 Chinese cities, Atmos. Environ., 40, 7706-7719, doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2006.08.039. (Pubitemid 44750794)
5. Bill, M., R. C. Rhew, R. F. Weiss, and A. H. Goldstein (2002), Carbon isotopic ratios of methyl bromide and methyl chloride emitted from a coastal salt marsh, Geophys. Res. Lett., 29(4), 1045, doi:10.1029/ 2001GL012946.
6. Blake, D. R., T. W. Smith Jr., T.-Y. Chen, W. J. Whipple, and F. S. Rowland (1994), Effects of biomass burning on summertime nonmethane hydrocarbon concentrations in the Canadian wetlands, J. Geophys. Res., 99, 1699-1719, doi:10.1029/93JD02598.
7. Blake, D. R., T.-Y. Chen, T. W. Smith Jr., C. J.-L. Wang, O. W. Wingenter, N. J. Blake, F. S. Rowland, and E. W. Mayer (1996), Three-dimensional distribution of NMHCs and halocarbons over the northwestern Pacific during the 1991 Pacific exploratory mission (PEM-West A), J. Geophys. Res., 101, 1763-1778, doi:10.1029/95JD02707. (Pubitemid 26472959)
8. Blake, N. J., et al. (2003), NMHCs and halocarbons in Asian continental outflow during the Transport and Chemical Evolution over the Pacific (TRACE-P) Field Campaign: comparison to PEM-West B, J. Geophys. Res., 108(D20), 8806, doi:10.1029/2002JD003367. (Pubitemid 350187736)
9. Bousquet, P., D. A. Hauglustaine, P. Peylin, C. Carouge, and P. Ciais (2005), Two decades of OH variability as inferred by an inversion of atmospheric transport and chemistry of methyl chloroform, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 5, 2635-2656, doi:10.5194/acp-5-2635-2005.
10. Chan, C. Y., J. H. Tang, Y. S. Li, and L. Y. Chan (2006), Mixing ratios and sources of halocarbons in urban, semi-urban and rural sites of the Pearl River Delta, south China, Atmos. Environ., 40, 7331-7345, doi:10.1016/ j.atmosenv.2006.06.041. (Pubitemid 44572869)
11. Chan, L. Y., and K. W. Chu (2007), Halocarbons in the atmosphere of the industrial-related Pearl River Delta region of China, J. Geophys. Res., 112, D04305, doi:10.1029/2006JD007097. (Pubitemid 47489847)
12. Chang, C. C., C. H. Lai, C. H. Wang, Y. Liu, M. Shao, Y. H. Zhang, and J. L. Wang (2008), Variability of ozone depleting substances as an indication of emissions in the Pearl River Delta, China, Atmos. Environ., 42, 6973-6981, doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2008.04.051.
13. Cunnold, D. M., R. F. Weiss, R. G. Prinn, D. Hartley, P. G. Simmonds, P. J. Fraser, B. Miller, F. N. Alyea, and L. Porter (1997), GAGE/AGAGE measurements indicating reductions in global emissions of CCl3F and CCl2F2 in 1992-1994, J. Geophys. Res., 102, 1259-1269, doi:10.1029/ 96JD02973.
14. Dimmer, C. H., A. McCulloch, P. G. Simmonds, G. Nickless, M. R. Bassford, and D. Smythe-Wright (2001), Tropospheric concentrations of the chlorinated solvents, tetrachloroethene and trichloroethene, measured in the remote northern hemisphere, Atmos. Environ., 35, 1171-1182, doi:10.1016/S1352-2310(00)00427-1.
15. Elkins, J. W., T. M. Thompson, T. H. Swanson, J. H. Butler, B. D. Hall, S. O. Cummings, D. A. Fishers, and A. G. Raffo (1993), Decrease in the growth rates of atmospheric chlorofluorocarbons 11 and 12, Nature, 364, 780-783, doi:10.1038/364780a0.
16. Eyring, V., et al. (2007), Multimodel projections of stratospheric ozone in the 21st century, J. Geophys. Res., 112, D16303, doi:10.1029/ 2006JD008332. (Pubitemid 47604156)
17. Fabian, P. (1986), Halogenated hydrocarbons in the atmosphere, in Handbook of Environmental Chemistry, vol.4A, edited by O. Hutzinger, pp. 23-51, Springer, Berlin.
18. Farman, J., B. Gardiner, and J. Shanklin (1985), Large losses of total ozone in Antarctica reveal seasonal ClOx/NOx interaction, Nature, 315, 207-210, doi:10.1038/315207a0.
19. Fraser, P. J., and M. J. Prather (1999), Uncertain road to ozone recovery, Nature, 398, 663-664, doi:10.1038/19418. (Pubitemid 29197629)
20. Graedel, T. E., and W. C. Keene (1995), The tropospheric budget of reactive chlorine, Global Biogeochem. Cycles, 9, 47-77, doi:10.1029/ 94GB03103.
21. Gros, V., et al. (2003), Origin of anthropogenic hydrocarbons and halocarbons measured in the summertime European outflow (on Crete in 2001), Atmos. Chem. Phys., 3, 1223-1235, doi:10.5194/acp-3-1223-2003.
22. Guo, H., A. J. Ding, T. Wang, I. J. Simpson, D. R. Blake, B. Barletta, S. Meinardi, T. M. Fu, Y. S. Li, and W. T. Hung (2009a), Source origins, profiles and apportionments of halogenated hydrocarbons in the greater Pearl River Delta region, southern China, J. Geophys. Res., 114, D11302, doi:10.1029/2008JD011448.
23. Guo, H., et al. (2009b), Concurrent observations of air pollutants at two sites in the Pearl River Delta and the implication of regional transport, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9, 7343-7360, doi:10.5194/acp-9-7343-2009.
24. Hamilton, J. T. G., W. C. McRoberts, F. Keppler, R. M. Kalin, and D. B. Harper (2003), Chloride methylation by plant pection: An efficient environmentally significant process, Science, 301, 206-209, doi:10.1126/ science.1085036. (Pubitemid 36858471)
25. He, J., H. X. Chen, X. X. Liu, J. H. Hu, Q. L. Li, and F. Q. He (2002), The analysis of various volatile solvents used in different industries in Zhongshan (in Chinese), South China J. Prev. Medicine, 28(6), 26-27.
26. Hong Kong Environmental Protection Department (HKEPD) (2005a), Phasing out of ozone depleting substances in Hong Kong, Gov. of the Hong Kong Spec. Admin. Reg., Hong Kong. (Available at http://www. epd.gov.hk/epd/english/ environmentinhk/air/data/phase-out.html.)
27. Hong Kong Environmental Protection Department (HKEPD) (2005b), A guide to the air pollution control (dry-cleaning machines) (vapour recovery) regulation, Gov. of the Hong Kong Spec. Admin. Reg., Hong Kong. (Available at http://www.epd.gov.hk/epd/english/environmentinhk/air/ guide-ref/wn8-dry-info. html.)
28. Hurst, D. F., et al. (2004), Emissions of ozone-depleting substances in Russia during 2001, J. Geophys. Res., 109, D14303, doi:10.1029/ 2004JD004633. (Pubitemid 39364474)
29. Hurst, D. F., J. C. Lin, P. A. Romashkin, B. C. Daube, C. Gerbig, D. M. Matross, S. C. Wofsy, B. D. Hall, and J. W. Elkins (2006), Continuing global significance of emissions of Montreal Protocol-restricted halocarbons in the United States and Canada, J. Geophys. Res., 111, D15302, doi:10.1029/ 2005JD006785. (Pubitemid 46029007)
30. Ko, M. K. W., and G. Poulet (2003), Very short-lived halogen and sulfur substances, in Scientific Assessment of Ozone Depletion: 2002, Global Ozone Res. Monit. Proj. Rep. 47, chap. 2, pp. 2.1-2.57, World Meteorol. Org., Geneva, Switzerland.
31. Krol, M. C., J. Lelieved, D. E. Oram, G. A. Sturrock, S. A. Penkett, C. A. M. Brenninkmeijer, V. Gros, J. Williams, and H. A. Scheeren (2003), Continuing emissions of methyl chloroform from Europe, Nature, 421, 131-135, doi:10.1038/nature01311. (Pubitemid 36090973)
32. McCulloch, A., M. L. Aucott, C. M. Benkovitz, T. E. Graedel, G. Kleinman, P. M. Midgley, and Y. F. Li (1999), Global emissions of hydrogen chloride and chloromethane from coal combustion, incineration and industrial activities: Reactive chlorine emission inventory, J. Geophys. Res., 104, 8391-8403, doi:10.1029/1999JD900025.
33. McCulloch, A., P. Ashford, and P. M. Midgley (2001), Historical emissions of fluorotrichloromethane (CFC-11) based on a market survey, Atmos. Environ., 35, 4387-4397, doi:10.1016/S1352-2310(01)00249-7. (Pubitemid 32680943)
34. McCulloch, A., P. M. Midgley, and P. Ashford (2003), Releases of refrigerant gases (CFC-12, HCFC-22 and HFC-134a) to the atmosphere, Atmos. Environ., 37, 889-902, doi:10.1016/S1352-2310(02)00975-5. (Pubitemid 36194457)
35. Millet, D. B., and A. H. Goldstein (2004), Evidence of continuing methylchloroform emissions from the United States, Geophys. Res. Lett., 31, L17101, doi:10.1029/2004GL020166. (Pubitemid 39583620)
36. Millet, D. B., E. L. Atlas, D. R. Blake, N. J. Blake, G. S. Diskin, J. S. Holloway, R. C. Hudman, S. Meinardi, T. B. Ryerson, and G. W. Sachse (2009), Halocarbon emissions from the United States and Mexico and their global warming potential, Environ. Sci. Technol., 43, 1055-1060, doi:10.1021/es802146j.
37. Molina, M. J., and F. S. Rowland (1974), Stratospheric sink for chlorofluoromethanes: Chlorine atom-catalysed destruction of ozone, Nature, 249, 810-812, doi:10.1038/249810a0.
38. Montzka, S. A., J. H. Butler, R. C. Myers, T. M. Thompson, T. H. Swanson, A. D. Clarke, L. T. Lock, and J. W. Elkins (1996), Decline in the tropospheric abundance of halogen from halocarbons implications for stratospheric ozone depletion, Science, 272, 1318-1322, doi:10.1126/ science.272.5266.1318.
39. Montzka, S. A., J. H. Butler, J. W. Elkins, T. M. Thompson, A. D. Clarke, and L. T. Lock (1999), Present and future trends in the atmospheric burden of ozone-depleting halogens, Nature, 398, 690-694, doi:10.1038/19499. (Pubitemid 29197643)
40. Montzka, S. A., J. H. Butler, B. D. Hall, D. J. Mondeel, and J. W. Elkins (2003), A decline in tropospheric bromine, Geophys. Res. Lett., 30(15), 1826, doi:10.1029/2003GL017745.
41. Moore, R. M. (2000), The solubility of a suite of low molecular weight organochlorine compounds in seawater and implications for estimating the marine source of methyl chloride to the atmosphere, Chemosphere, 2(1), 95-99.
42. National Bureau of Statistics of China (2008), China Statistical Yearbook, China Stat. Press, Beijing.
43. Newman, P. A., J. S. Daniel, D. W. Waugh, and E. R. Nash (2007), A new formulation of equivalent effective stratospheric chlorine (EESC), Atmos. Chem. Phys., 7, 4537-4552, doi:10.5194/acp-7-4537-2007.
44. O'Doherty, S., et al. (2004), Rapid growth of hydrofluorocarbon 134a and hydrochlorofluorocarbons 141b, 142b, and 22 from Advanced Global Atmospheric Gases Experiment (AGAGE) observations at Cape Grim, Tasmania, and Mace Head, Ireland, J. Geophys. Res., 109, D06310, doi:10.1029/2003JD004277.
45. Paatero, P. (1997), Least squares formation of robust non-negative factor analysis, Chemom. Intell. Lab. Syst., 37, 15-35.
46. Palmer, P. I., D. J. Jacob, L. J. Mickley, D. R. Blake, G. W. Sachse, H. E. Fuelberg, and C. M. Kiley (2003), Eastern Asian emissions of anthropogenic halocarbons deduced from aircraft concentration data, J. Geophys. Res., 108(D24), 4753, doi:10.1029/2003JD003591.
47. Prinn, R. G., R. F. Weiss, B. R. Miller, J. Huang, F. N. Alyea, D. M. Cunnold, P. J. Fraser, D. E. Hartley, and P. G. Simmonds (1995), Atmospheric trends and lifetime of CH3CCI3 and global OH concentrations, Science, 269, 187-192, doi:10.1126/science.269.5221.187.
48. Prinn, R. G., et al. (2000), A history of chemically and radiatively important gases in air deduced from ALE/GAGE/AGAGE, J. Geophys. Res., 105, 17,751-17,792, doi:10.1029/2000JD900141.
49. Prinn, R. G., et al. (2001), Evidence for substantial variations of atmospheric hydroxyl radicals in the past two decades, Science, 292, 1882-1888, doi:10.1126/science.1058673. (Pubitemid 32538358)
50. Prinn, R. G., et al. (2005), Evidence for variability of atmospheric hydroxyl radicals over the past quarter century, Geophys. Res. Lett., 32, L07809, doi:10.1029/2004GL022228. (Pubitemid 40959022)
51. Qin, D. J. (2007), Decline in the concentrations of chlorofluorocarbons (CFC-11, CFC-12 and CFC-113) in an urban area of Beijing, China, Atmos. Environ., 41, 8424-8430, doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2007.07.005. (Pubitemid 350151946)
52. Reimann, S., et al. (2005), Low European methyl chloroform emissions inferred from long-term atmospheric measurements, Nature, 433, 506-508, doi:10.1038/nature03220. (Pubitemid 40204304)
53. Reinsel, G. C., E. Weatherhead, G. C. Tiao, A. J. Miller, R. M. Nagatani, D. J. Wuebbles, and L. E. Flynn (2002), On detection of turnaround and recovery in trend for ozone, J. Geophys. Res., 107(D10), 4078, doi:10.1029/2001JD000500.
54. Rhew, R. C., and T. Abel (2007), Measuring simultaneous production and consumption fluxes of methyl chloride and methyl bromide in annual temperate grasslands, Environ. Sci. Technol., 41, 7837-7843, doi:10.1021/es0711011. (Pubitemid 350133326)
55. Rhew, R. C., B. R. Miller, and R. F. Weiss (2000), Natural methyl bromide and methyl chloride emissions from coastal salt marshes, Nature, 403, 292-295, doi:10.1038/35002043. (Pubitemid 30062381)
56. Rhew, R. C., B. R. Miller, M. K. Vollmer, and R. F. Weiss (2001), Shrubland fluxes of methyl bromide and methyl chloride, J. Geophys. Res., 106, 20,875-20,882, doi:10.1029/2001JD000413.
57. Rhew, R. C., Y. A. Teh, and T. Abel (2007), Methyl halide and methane fluxes in the northern Alaskan coastal tundra, J. Geophys. Res., 112, G02009, doi:10.1029/2006JG000314. (Pubitemid 47343180)
58. Simmonds, P. G., et al. (2006), Global trends, seasonal cycles, and European emissions of dichloromethane, trichloroethene, and tetrachloroethene from the AGAGE observations at Mace Head, Ireland, and Cape Grim, Tasmania, J. Geophys. Res., 111, D18304, doi:10.1029/ 2006JD007082.
59. Simpson, I. J., S. Meinardi, N. J. Blake, F. S. Rowland, and D. R. Blake (2004), Long-term decrease in the global atmospheric burden of tetrachloroethene (C2Cl4), Geophys. Res. Lett., 31, L08108, doi:10.1029/ 2003GL019351. (Pubitemid 38893030)
60. Solomon, S. (1999), Stratospheric ozone depletion: a review of concepts and history, Rev. Geophys., 37, 275-316, doi:10.1029/1999RG900008.
61. Solomon, S., R. R. Garcia, F. S. Rowland, and D. J. Wuebbles (1986), On the depletion of Antarctic ozone, Nature, 321, 755-758, doi:10.1038/ 321755a0.
62. State Environmental Protection Administration (2000), National proposal on phasing-out ozone depleting substances in China (revised version) (in Chinese), pp. 6-7, State Environ. Prot. Admin. of China, Beijing. (Available at http://www.tobaccoinfo.com.cn/uploadpdf/cfcfujian/gjfa. pdf.)
63. Stemmler, K., S. O'Doherty, B. Buchmann, and S. Reimann (2004), Emission of the refrigerants HFC-134a, HCFC-22, and CFC-12 from road traffic: Results from a tunnel study (Gubrist Tunnel, Switzerland), Environ. Sci. Technol., 38, 1998-2004, doi:10.1021/es035324c. (Pubitemid 38468798)
64. Stohl, A., et al. (2009), An analytical inversion method for determining regional and global emissions of greenhouse gases: Sensitivity studies and application to halocarbons, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9, 1597-1620, doi:10.5194/acp-9-1597-2009.
65. Stohl, A., et al. (2010), Hydrochlorofluorocarbon and hydrofluorocarbon emissions in East Asia determined by inverse modeling, Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss., 10, 2089-2129, doi:10.5194/acpd-10-2089-2010.
66. Streets, D. G., C. Yu, M. H. Bergin, X. M. Wang, and G. R. Carmichael (2006), Modeling study of air pollution due to the manufacture of export goods in China's Pearl River Delta, Environ. Sci. Technol., 40, 2099-2107, doi:10.1021/es051275n.
67. Sturrock, G. A., L. W. Porter, and P. J. Fraser (2001), In situ measurement of CFC replacement chemicals and halocarbons at Cape Grim: AGAGE GC-MS program, in Baseline Atmospheric Program (Australia) 1997- 1998, edited by N. W. Tindale, R. J. Francey, and N. Derek, pp. 43-49, Bur. of Meteorol. and CSIRO Div. of Atmos. Res., Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
68. Sturrock, G. A., D. M. Etheridge, C. M. Trudinger, P. J. Fraser, and A. M. Smith (2002), Atmospheric histories of halocarbons from analysis of Antarctic firn air: Major Montreal Protocol species, J. Geophys. Res., 107(D24), 4765, doi:10.1029/2002JD002548. (Pubitemid 44793967)
69. United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) (1998), Report of the tenth meeting of the parties to the Montreal Protocol on substances that deplete the ozone layer, Rep. UNEP/OzL.Pro.10/9, Nairobi.
70. United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) (2002), Production and consumption of ozone-depleting substances under the Montreal Protocol 1986-2000, Nairobi. (Available at http://www.unep.org/ozone/15-yeardata- report.pdf)
71. United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) (2003), Handbook for the International Treaties for the Protection of the Ozone Layer, 6th ed., 414 pp., U. N. Environ. Programme, Nairobi. (Available at http:// www.unep.org/ozone/ pdfs/handbook-2003.pdf)
72. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (2002), Profile of the pulp and paper industry, 2nd ed., Sector Notebook Project, Rep. EPA/310-R-02- 002, Washington D. C.
73. Vollmer, M. K., et al. (2009), Emissions of ozone-depleting halocarbons from China, Geophys. Res. Let t . , 36, L15823, doi:10.1029/ 2009GL038659.
74. Wang, T., and J. Y. H. Kwok (2003), Measurement and analysis of a multiday photochemical smog episode in the Pearl River Delta of China, J. Appl. Meteorol., 42, 404-416, doi:10.1175/1520-0450(2003) 042<0404:MAAOAM>2.0. CO;2.
75. Wang, T., T. F. Cheung, Y. S. Li, X. M. Yu, and D. R. Blake (2002), Emission characteristics of CO, NOx, SO2 and indications of biomass burning observed at a rural site in eastern China, J. Geophys. Res., 107(D12), 4157, doi:10.1029/2001JD000724.
76. Wang, T., H. Guo, D. R. Blake, Y. H. Kwok, I. J. Simpson, and Y. S. Li (2005), Measurements of trace gases in the inflow of South China Sea background air and outflow of regional pollution at Tai O, southern China, J. Atmos. Chem., 52, 295-317, doi:10.1007/s10874-005-2219-x. (Pubitemid 41721841)
77. Wang, J. S., M. B. McElroy, J. A. Logan, P. I. Palmer, W. L. Chameides, Y. Wang, and I. A. Megretskaia (2008), A quantitative assessment of uncertainties affecting estimates of global mean OH derived from methyl chloroform observations, J. Geophys. Res., 113, D12302, doi:10.1029/ 2007JD008496.
78. Warneck, P. (2000), Chemistry of the Natural Atmosphere, 2nd ed., Academic, San Diego, Calif.
79. Weatherhead, E. C., and S. B. Andersen (2006), The search for signs of recovery of the ozone layer, Nature, 441, 39-45, doi:10.1038/ nature04746.
80. Weatherhead, E. C., et al. (2000), Detecting the recovery of total column ozone, J. Geophys. Res., 105, 22,201-22,210, doi:10.1029/ 2000JD900063.
81. World Meteorological Organization (2003), Scientific assessment of ozone depletion: 2002, Global Ozone Res. Monit. Proj. Rep. 47, 498 pp., Geneva, Switzerland. (Available at http://ozone.unep.org/Publications/ index.asp)
82. Yi, Z. G., X. M. Wang, D. Q. Zhang, G. Y. Zhou, G. Y. Sheng, and J. M. Fu (2007), Soil uptake of carbonyl sulfide in subtropical forests with different successional stages in south China, J. Geophys. Res., 112, D08302, doi:10.1029/2006JD008048. (Pubitemid 46939409)
83. Yokouchi, Y., Y. Noijiri, L. A. Barrie, D. Toom-Sauntry, T. Machida, Y. Inuzuka, H. Akimoto, H. J. Li, Y. Fujinuma, and S. Aoki (2000), A strong source of methyl chloride to the atmosphere from tropical coastal land, Nature, 403, 295-298, doi:10.1038/35002049. (Pubitemid 30062382)
84. Yokouchi, Y., M. Ikeda, Y. Inuzuka, and T. Yukawa (2002a), Strong emission of methyl chloride from tropical plants, Nature, 416, 163-165, doi:10.1038/416163a. (Pubitemid 34246470)
85. Yokouchi, Y., D. Toom-Sauntry, K. Yazawa, T. Inagaki, and T. Tamaru (2002b), Recent decline of methyl bromide in the troposphere, Atmos. Environ., 36, 4985-4989, doi:10.1016/S1352-2310(02)00650-7.