Measurements of trace gases in the inflow of South China Sea background air and outflow of regional pollution at Tai O, Southern China

Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry

Volumn 52, Issue 3, 2005, Pages 295-317

  Wang, T ^a   Guo, H ^a,b   Blake, D R ^b   Kwok, Y H ^a   Simpson, I J ^b   Li, Y S ^a  

^a HONG KONG POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY   (Hong Kong)

^b UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

Author keywords

Background air; Inflow; Outflow; Pearl River Delta; South China Sea; Trace gases

Indexed keywords

ACETYLENE; ALKANE DERIVATIVE; BENZENE; BUTANE; CARBON MONOXIDE; DIMETHYL SULFIDE; ETHANE; HALOCARBON; HYDROCARBON; METHANE; OZONE; PROPANE; REACTIVE NITROGEN SPECIES; SULFUR DIOXIDE; TOLUENE;

ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY; ATMOSPHERIC POLLUTION; INFLOW; OUTFLOW; POLLUTANT TRANSPORT; TRACE GAS;

AIR POLLUTION; AIR SAMPLING; AIRFLOW; ARTICLE; ASIA; ATMOSPHERE; AUTUMN; CHEMICAL COMPOSITION; CHEMICAL PARAMETERS; CHINA; CONTROLLED STUDY; DATA ANALYSIS; GAS; INDUSTRIALIZATION; LATITUDE; LIFESPAN; MEASUREMENT; METEOROLOGY; PACIFIC ISLANDS; PHOTOCHEMISTRY; RECORDING; RIVER; RURAL AREA; SEA; SEASHORE; SEASONAL VARIATION; SUMMER; TROPICS; URBAN AREA; WESTERN HEMISPHERE; WINTER;

PACIFIC OCEAN; SOUTH CHINA SEA;

EID: 28444473128     PISSN: 01677764     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s10874-005-2219-x     Document Type: Article

References (56)

1. 2 emissions from fuel combustion and industrial activities in Asia with 1″ × 1″ resolution, Atmos. Environ. 28, 213-225. 10.1016/1352-2310(94)90096-5
2. Akimoto, H., 2004: Global air quality and pollution, Science 302, 1716.
3. Blake, D. R., Smith Jr., W. J., Chen, T. Y., Whipple, W. J., and Rowland, F. S., 1994: Effects of biomass burning on summertime non-methane hydrocarbon concentrations in the Canadian wetlands, J. Geophys. Res. 99, 1699-1719. 10.1029/93JD02598
4. Barletta, B., Meinardi, S., Simpson, I.J., Khwaja, H.A., Blake, D.R., and Rowland, F.S., 2002: Mixing ratios of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the atmosphere of Karachi, Pakistan, Atmos. Environ. 36, 3429-3443. 10.1016/S1352-2310(02)00302-3
5. Boudries, H., Toupance, G., and Dutot, A. L., 1994: Seasonal variation of atmospheric nonmethane hydrocarbons on the western coast of Brittany, France, Atmos. Environ. 28, 1095-1112. 10.1016/1352-2310(94)90287-9
6. Carmichael, G. R., Tang, Y. H., Kurata, G., Uno, I., Streets, D. G., Thongboonchoo, N., Woo, J. H., Guttikunda, S., White, A., Wang, T., Blake, D. R., Atlas, E., Fried, A., Potter, B., Avery, M. A., Sachse, G. W., Sandholm, S. T., Kondo, Y., Talbot, R. W., Bandy, A., Thornton, D., and Clarke, A. D., 2003: Evaluating regional emission estimates using the TRACE-P observations, J. Geophys. Res. 108 (D21), 8810, 10.1029/ 2002JD003116.
7. Chan, L. Y., Liu, H. Y., Lam, K. S., Wang, T., Oltmans, S. J., and Harris, J. M., 1998: Analysis of the seasonal behavior of tropospheric ozone at Hong Kong, Atmos. Environ. 33, 159-168.
8. Cheng, Z. L., Lam, K. S., Chan, L. Y., Wang, T., and Cheng, K. K., 2000: Chemical characteristics of aerosols at coastal station in Hong Kong. I. Seasonal variation of major ions, halogens and mineral dust between 1995 and 1996, Atmos. Environ. 34, 277-2783.
9. Cohen, D. D., Garton, D., Stelcer, E., Hawas, O., Wang, T., Poon, S., Kim, J., Choi, B. C., Oh, S. N., Shin, H. J., Ko, M. Y., and Uematsu, M., 2004: Multielemental analysis and characterization of fine aerosols at several key ACE-Asia sites, J. Geophys. Res. 109, doi:10.1029/ 2003JD003569.
10. Colman, J. J., Swanson, A. L., Meinardi, S., Sive, B. C., Blake, D. R., and Rowland, F. S., 2001: Description of the analysis of a wide range of volatile organic compounds in whole air samples collected during PEM-Tropics A and B, Anal. Chem. 73, 3723-3731. 10.1021/ac010027g
11. 8 hydrocarbons at 12 United Kingdom sites during 1996, Atmos. Environ. 34, 297-312.
12. Ehhalt, D. H., Rohrer, F., Wahner, A., Prather, M. J., and Blake, D. R., 1998: On the use of hydrocarbons for the determination of tropospheric OH concentrations, J. Geophys. Res. 103, 18981-18997. 10.1029/98JD01106
13. Fehsenfeld, F. C., Trainer, M., Parrish, D. D., Volz-Thomas, A., and Penkett, S., 1997: North Atlantic Regional Experiment (NARE), J. Geophys., Res. 101 (D22), 28869-29351
14. Goldan, P. D., Parrish, D. D., Kuster, W. C., Trainer, M., McKeen, S. A., Holloway, J., Jobson, B. T., Sueper, and D. T., 2000: Airborne measurements of isoprene, CO, and anthropogenic hydrocarbons and their implications, J. Geophys. Res. 105 (D7), 9091-9105. 10.1029/1999JD900429
15. Guenther, A. B., Zimmerman, P. R., and Wildermuth, M., 1994: Natural volatile organic compound emission rate estimate for U.S. woodland landscapes, Atmos. Environ. 28A, 1197-1210.
16. Guo, H., Wang, T., Simpson, I. J., Blake, D. R., Yu, X. M., Kwok, Y. H., and Li, Y. S., 2004: Source contributions to ambient CO and VOCs at a rural site in eastern China, Atmos. Environ. 38, 4551-4560.
17. Hoell, J. M., Davis, D. D., Liu, S. C., Newell, R., Shipham, M., Akimoto, H., McNeal, R. J., Bendura, R. J., and Drewry, J. W., 1996: The Pacific Exploratory Mission-West A (PEM-West A): September-October, 1991, J. Geophys. Res. 101, 1641-1653. 10.1029/95JD00622
18. Hoell, J. M., Davis, D. D., Liu, S. C., Newell, R. E., Akimoto, H., McNeal, R. J., and Bendura, R. J., 1997: The Pacific Exploratory Mission West phase B: February-March 1994, J. Geophys. Res. 102, 28223-28239. 10.1029/97JD02581
19. Huebert, B. J., Bates, T., Russell, P. B., Shi, G., Kim, Y. J., Kawamura, K., Carmichael, and G., Nakajima, T., 2003: An overview of ACE-Asia: Strategies for quantifying the relationships between Asian aerosols and their climatic impacts, J. Geophys. Res. 108 (D23), 8633, doi: 10.1029/2003JD003550. 10.1029/2003JD003550
20. Jacob, D. J., Crawford, J. H., Kleb, M. M., Connors, V. S., Bendura, R. J., Raper, J. L., Sachse, G. W., Gille, J. C., Emmons, L., and Heald, C. L., 2003: Transport and Chemical Evolution over the Pacific (TRACE-P) aircraft mission: Design, execution, and first results, J. Geophys. Res. 108, (D20), 9000, doi: 10.1029/2002JD003276. 10.1029/2002JD003276
21. Jaffe, D., Anderson, T., Covert, D., Trost, B., Danielson, J., Simpson, W., Blake, D. R., Harris, J., and Streets, D., 2001: Observations of ozone and related species in the northeast Pacific during the PHOBEA campaigns. 1. Ground-based observations at Cheeka Peak, J. Geophys. Res. 106 (D7), 7449-7461. 10.1029/2000JD900636
22. 5 alkanes, and acetylene at a remote boreal site in Canada, J. Geophys. Res. 99 (D1), 1589-1599. 10.1029/93JD00424
23. Jobson, B. T., Parrish, D. D., Goldan, P., Kuster, W., Fehsenfeld, F. C., Blake, D. R., Blake, N. J., and Niki, H., 1998: Spatial and temporal variability of nonmethane hydrocarbon mixing ratios and their relation to photochemical lifetime, J. Geophys. Res. 103 (D11), 13557-13567. 10.1029/97JD01715
24. Jobson, B. T., McKeen, S. A., Parrish, D. D., Fehsenfeld, F. C., Blake, D. R., Goldstein, A. H., Schauffler, S. M., and Elkins, J. C., 1999: Trace gas mixing ratio variability versus lifetime in the troposphere and stratosphere: Observations, J. Geophys. Res. 104 (D13), 16091-16113. 10.1029/1999JD900126
25. Kato, S., Pochanart, P., and Kajii, Y., 2001: Measurements of ozone and nonmethane hydrocarbons at Chichi-jima island, a remote island in the western Pacific: Long-range transport of polluted air from the Pacific rim region, Atmos. Environ. 35, 6021-6029. 10.1016/S1352-2310(01)00453-8
26. Kesselmeier, J., Meixner, F. X., Hofmann, U., Ajavon, A., Leimbach, S., and Andreae, M. O., 1993: Reduced sulphur compound exchange between the atmosphere and tropical tree species in southern Cameroon, Biogeochemistry 23, 23-45.
27. Kok, F. L., Lind, J. A., and Fang, M., 1997: An airborne study of air quality around the Hong Kong territory, J. Geophys. Res. 102, 19043-19057. 10.1029/97JD01306
28. Lam, K. S., Wang, T. J., Chan, L. Y., Wang, T., and Harris, J., 2001: Flow patterns influencing the seasonal behavior of surface ozone and carbon monoxide at a coastal site near Hong Kong, Atmos. Environ. 35, 3121-3135. 10.1016/S1352-2310(00)00559-8
29. Logan, J. A., 1989: Ozone in rural areas of the United States, J. Geophys. Res. 94, 8511-8532.
30. McKeen, S. A. and Liu, S. C., 1993: Hydrocarbon ratios and photochemical history of air masses, Geophys. Res. Lett. 20, 2363-2366.
31. Monks, P. S., 2000: A review of the observations and origins of the spring ozone maximum, Atmos. Environ. 34, 3545-3561.
32. 5 hydrocarbon concentrations in central Osaka, Atmos. Environ. 32 (11), 2007-2016. 10.1016/ S1352-2310(97)00509-8
33. Mowrer, J., and Lindskog, A., 1991: Automatic unattended sampling and analysis of background levels of C2-C5 hydrocarbons, Atmos. Environ. 25 A, 1971-1979.
34. Parrish, D. D., Hahn, C. J., Williams, E. J., Norton, R. B., Fehsenfeld, F. C., Singh, H. B., Shetter, J. D., Gandrud, B. W., and Ridley, B. A., 1992: Indications of photochemical histories of Pacific air masses from measurements of atmospheric trace gas species at Pt. Arena, California, J. Geophys. Res. 97, 15883-15901.
35. Prospero, J. M., 2001: The Atmosphere-Ocean Chemistry Experiment (AEROCE): Background and major accomplishments, IGACtivities Newsletter 24, 3-5.
36. Ramanathan, V., Crutzen, P. J., Lelieveld, J., Althausen, D., Anderson, J., Andreae, M. O., Cantrell, W., Cass, G., Chung, C. E., Clarke, A. D., Collins, W. D., Coakley, J. A., Dulac, F., Heintzenberg, J., Heymsfield, A. J., Holben, B., Hudson, J., Jayaraman, A., Kiehl, J. T., Krishnamurti, T. N., Lubin, D., Mitra, A. P., McFarquhar, G., Novakoy, T., Ogren, J. A., Podgomy, I. A., Prather, K., Prospero, J. M., Priestley, K., Quinn, P. K., Rajeev, K., Rasch, P. J., Rupert, S., Sadourney, R., Satheesh, S. K., Sheridan, P., Shaw, G. E., and Valero, F. P. J., 2001: The Indian Ocean Experiment: An Integrated Assessment of the Climate Forcing and Effects of the Great Indo-Asian Haze, J. Geophys. Res. 106 (D22), 28,371-28,399. 10.1029/2001JD900133
37. Rudolph, J., 1995: The tropospheric distribution and budget of ethane, J. Geophys. Res. 100, 11369-11381. 10.1029/95JD00693
38. Russo, R. S., Talbot, R. W., Dibb, J. E., Scheuer, E., Seid, G., Jordan, C. E., Fuelberg, H. E., Sachse, G. W., Avery, M. A., Vay, S. A., Blake, D. R., Blake, N. J., Atlas, E., Fried, A., Sandholm, S. T., Tan, D., Singh, H. B., Snow, J., and Heikes, B. G., 2003: Chemical composition of Asian continental outflow over the western Pacific: Results from TRACE-P, J. Geophys. Res. 108 (D20), 8804, doi:10.1029/2002JD003184. 10.1029/2002JD003184
39. 6 hydrocarbons over the western North Pacific and eastern Indian Ocean, Atmos. Environ. 34, 4373-4381. 10.1016/ S1352-2310(00)00249-1
40. Seinfeld, J. H.S 1989: Urban air pollution: state of the science, Science 243, 745-752.
41. Sin, D. W. M., Wong, Y. C., and Louie, P. K. K., 2000: Monitoring of ambient volatile organic compounds at two urban sites in Hong Kong from 1997 to 1998, Indoor Built Environ. 9, 216-227. 10.1159/000057510
42. 12 non-methane hydrocarbons in subtropical Hong Kong:sPatial-temporal variations, source-receptor relationships and photochemical reactivity, Science of the Total Environment 328, 161-174. 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2004.01.029
43. Spivakovsky, C. M., Logan, J. A., Montzka, S. A., et al., 2000: Three-dimensional climatological distribution of tropospheric OH: Update and evaluation, J. Geophys. Res. 105 (D7), 8931-8980. 10.1029/ 1999JD901006
44. x, and CO, Atmos. Environ. 34, 363-374.
45. Streets, D. G., Bond, T. C., Carmichael, G. R., Fernandes, S. D., Fu, Q., He, D., Klimont, Z., Nelson, S. M., Tsai, N. Y., Wang, M. Q., Woo, J. H., and Yarber, K. F., 2003: An inventory of gaseous and primary aerosol emissions in Asia in the year 2000, J. Geophys. Res. 108 (D21), 8809, doi:10.1029/2002JD003093. 10.1029/2002JD003093
46. Stuart, A., Penkett, Volz-Thomas, A., Parrish, D. D., Honrath, R. E. and Fehsenfeld. F. C., 1998: North Atlantic Regional Experiment (NARE II), J. Geophys. Res. D11, 13353-13634.
47. x emissions in Asia in the period 1990-2020, Atmos. Environ. 33, 633-646. 10.1016/ S1352-2310(98)00110-1
48. Wang, T., Lam, K. S., Chan, L. Y., and Lee, A. S. Y., 1997: Trace gas measurements in coastal Hong Kong during the PEM-West B, J. Geophys. Res. 102, 28575-28588.
49. 3 and related compounds in the boundary later of the South China coast: Temporal and vertical variations during autumn season, Atmos. Environ. 35, 2735-2746.
50. Wang, T., Cheung, T. F., Anson, M., and Li, Y. S., 2001b: Ozone and related gaseous pollutants in the boundary layer of eastern China: Overview of the recent measurements at a rural site, Geophys. Res. Lett. 28 (12), 2373-2376. 10.1029/2000GL012378
51. 2 and indications of biomass burning observed at a rural site in eastern China, J. Geophys., Res. 107, 10.1029/2001JD000724.
52. Wang, T., Poon, C. N., Kwok, Y. H., and Li, Y. S., 2003a: Characterizing the temporal variability and emission patterns of pollution plumes in the Pearl River Delta of China, Atmos. Environ. 37, 3539-3550.
53. Wang, T., Ding, A. J., Blake, D. R., Zahorowski, W., Poon, C. N., and Li, Y. S., 2003b: Chemical characterization of the boundary layer outflow of air pollution to Hong Kong during February - April 2001, J. Geophys. Res. 108 (D20), 8787, doi: 10.1029/2002JD003272. 10.1029/ 2002JD003272
54. Wang, T., and Kwok, Y. H., 2003: Measurement and analysis of a multiday photochemical smog episode in the Pearl River Delta of China, J. Applied Meteorol. 42, 404-416. 10.1175/ 1520-0450(2003)042<0775:CMSOSE>2.0.CO;2
55. P. Warneck 2000 Chemistry of the Natural Atmosphere Academic Press San Diego 264-345
56. Warneke, C. and de Gouw, J. A., 2001: Organic trace gas composition of the marine boundary layer over the northwest Indian Ocean in April 2000, Atmos. Environ. 35, 5923-5933. 10.1016/S1352-2310(01)00384-3