Pre- and Postnatal Health: Evidence of Increased Choline Needs

Journal of the American Dietetic Association

Volumn 110, Issue 8, 2010, Pages 1198-1206

  Caudill, Marie A ^a  

^a Department of Obstetrics Gynecology   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CHOLINE;

ARTICLE; BLOOD; BREAST MILK; CHEMISTRY; DRUG EFFECT; FEMALE; FETUS DEVELOPMENT; GROWTH, DEVELOPMENT AND AGING; HEALTH CARE POLICY; HUMAN; INFANT NUTRITION; MATERNAL NUTRITION; NEWBORN; NUTRITIONAL REQUIREMENT; PERINATAL CARE; PHYSIOLOGY; PREGNANCY;

CHOLINE; FEMALE; FETAL DEVELOPMENT; HUMANS; INFANT NUTRITIONAL PHYSIOLOGICAL PHENOMENA; INFANT, NEWBORN; MATERNAL NUTRITIONAL PHYSIOLOGICAL PHENOMENA; MILK, HUMAN; NUTRITION POLICY; NUTRITIONAL REQUIREMENTS; PERINATAL CARE; PREGNANCY;

RATTUS;

EID: 77955046460     PISSN: 00028223     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.jada.2010.05.009     Document Type: Article

References (107)

1. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin and Choline 1998, Institute of Medicine, Food and Nutrition Board, National Academies Press, Washington, DC.
2. Allen L.H. Pregnancy and lactation. Present Knowledge in Nutrition 2006, 529-543. ILSI Press, Washington, DC. B.A. Bowman, R.M. Russell (Eds.).
3. King J.C. Physiology of pregnancy and nutrient metabolism. Am J Clin Nutr 2000, 71(suppl):1218S-1225S.
4. Holmes-McNary M.Q., Cheng W.L., Mar M.H., Fussell S., Zeisel S.H. Choline and choline esters in human and rat milk and in infant formulas. Am J Clin Nutr 1996, 64:572-576.
5. Ilcol Y.O., Ozbek R., Hamurtekin E., Ulus I.H. Choline status in newborns, infants, children, breast-feeding women, breast-fed infants and human breast milk. J Nutr Biochem 2005, 16:489-499.
6. Zeisel S.H., Blusztajn J.K. Choline and human nutrition. Annu Rev Nutr 1994, 14:269-296.
7. Zeisel S.H. Choline: Critical role during fetal development and dietary requirements in adults. Annu Rev Nutr 2006, 26:229-250.
8. Morgane P.J., Mokler D.J., Galler J.R. Effects of prenatal protein malnutrition on the hippocampal formation. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2002, 26:471-483.
9. Oshida K., Shimizu T., Takase M., Tamura Y., Shimizu T., Yamashiro Y. Effects of dietary sphingomyelin on central nervous system myelination in developing rats. Pediatr Res 2003, 53:589-593.
10. Brody B.A., Kinney H.C., Kloman A.S., Gilles F.H. Sequence of central nervous system myelination in human infancy. An autopsy study of myelination. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 1987, 46:283-301.
11. Vance D.E. Role of phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis in the regulation of lipoprotein homeostasis. Curr Opin Lipidol 2008, 19:229-234.
12. Herrera E., Amusquivar E., Lopez-Soldado I., Ortega H. Maternal lipid metabolism and placental lipid transfer. Horm Res 2006, 65(suppl 3):59-64.
13. Toth M. Stimulation of phosphatidylcholine turnover by beta-phorbol ester and diacylglycerol in the primordial human placenta: the suggested role of phospholipase D activation. Placenta 1997, 18:411-419.
14. Snyder F. Platelet-activating factor and related acetylated lipids as potent biologically active cellular mediators. Am J Physiol 1990, 259:C697-C708.
15. de Castro e Paula L.A., Hansen P.J. Ceramide inhibits development and cytokinesis and induces apoptosis in preimplantation bovine embryos. Mol Reprod Dev 2008, 75:1063-1070.
16. Zeisel S.H. Dietary choline: Biochemistry, physiology, and pharmacology. Annu Rev Nutr 1981, 1:95-121.
17. Lauder J.M., Schambra U.B. Morphogenetic roles of acetylcholine. Environ Health Perspect 1999, 107(suppl 1):65-69.
18. Sastry B.V. Human placental cholinergic system. Biochem Pharmacol 1997, 53:1577-1586.
19. Sastry B.V., Sadavongvivad C. Cholinergic systems in non-nervous tissues. Pharmacol Rev 1978, 30:65-132.
20. Eaton B.M., Sooranna S.R. Regulation of the choline transport system in superfused microcarrier cultures of BeWo cells. Placenta 1998, 19:663-669.
21. Wessler I., Kirkpatrick C.J. Acetylcholine beyond neurons: The non-neuronal cholinergic system in humans. Br J Pharmacol 2008, 154:1558-1571.
22. Sunden S.L., Renduchintala M.S., Park E.I., Miklasz S.D., Garrow T.A. Betaine-homocysteine methyltransferase expression in porcine and human tissues and chromosomal localization of the human gene. Arch Biochem Biophys 1997, 345:171-174.
23. Steele W., Allegrucci C., Singh R., Lucas E., Priddle H., Denning C., Sinclair K., Young L. Human embryonic stem cell methyl cycle enzyme expression: Modelling epigenetic programming in assisted reproduction?. Reprod Biomed Online 2005, 10:755-766.
24. Rao P.V., Garrow T.A., John F., Garland D., Millian N.S., Zigler J.S. Betaine-homocysteine methyltransferase is a developmentally regulated enzyme crystalline in rhesus monkey lens. J Biol Chem 1998, 273:30669-30674.
25. McCabe D.C., Caudill M.A. DNA methylation, genomic silencing and links to nutrition and cancer. Nutr Rev 2005, 63:183-195.
26. Waterland R.A., Jirtle R.L. Early nutrition, epigenetic changes at transposons and imprinted genes, and enhanced susceptibility to adult chronic diseases. Nutrition 2004, 20:63-68.
27. Davison J.M., Mellott T.J., Kovacheva V.P., Blusztajn J.K. Gestational choline supply regulates methylation of histone H3, expression of histone methyltransferases G9a (Kmt1c) and Suv39h1 (Kmt1a), and DNA methylation of their genes in rat fetal liver and brain. J Biol Chem 2009, 284:1982-1989.
28. Zeisel S.H., Growdon J.H., Wurtman R.J., Magil S.G., Logue M. Normal plasma choline responses to ingested lecithin. Neurology 1980, 30:1226-1229.
29. Park E.I., Garrow T.A. Interaction between dietary methionine and methyl donor intake on rat liver betaine-homocysteine methyltransferase gene expression and organization of the human gene. J Biol Chem 1999, 274:7816-7824.
30. Weinhold P.A., Skinner R.S., Sanders R.D. Activity and some properties of choline kinase, cholinephosphate cytidyltransferase and choline phosphotransferase during liver development in the rat. Biochim Biophys Acta 1973, 326:43-51.
31. Vance J.E., Vance D.E. Phospholipid biosynthesis in mammalian cells. Biochem Cell Biol 2004, 82:113-128.
32. Kent C. Regulatory enzymes of phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis: A personal perspective. Biochim Biophys Acta 2005, 1733:53-66.
33. Humoller F.L., Zimmerman H.J. Relation of choline oxidase activity to dietary fatty livers. Am J. Physiol 1953, 174:I99-I202.
34. Slow S., Garrow T.A. Liver choline dehydrogenase and kidney betaine-homocysteine methyltransferase expression are not affected by methionine or choline intake in growing rats. J Nutr 2006, 136:2279-2283.
35. Stead L.M., Brosnan J.T., Brosnan M.E., Vance D.E., Jacobs R.L. Is it time to reevaluate methyl balance in humans?. Am J Clin Nutr 2006, 83:5-10.
36. Reo N.V., Adinehzadeh M., Foy B.D. Kinetic analyses of liver phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine biosynthesis using (13)C NMR spectroscopy. Biochim Biophys Acta 2002, 1580:171-188.
37. Walkey C.J., Yu L., Agellon L.B., Vance D.E. Biochemical and evolutionary significance of phospholipid methylation. J Biol Chem 1998, 273:27043-27046.
38. DeLong C.J., Shen Y.J., Thomas M.J., Cui Z. Molecular distinction of phosphatidylcholine synthesis between the CDP-choline pathway and phosphatidylethanolamine methylation pathway. J Biol Chem 1999, 274:29683-29688.
39. Wurtman R.J. Choline metabolism as a basis for the selective vulnerability of cholinergic neurons. Trends Neurosci 1992, 15:117-122.
40. Klein J., Koppen A., Loffelholz K. Small rises in plasma choline reverse the negative arteriovenous difference of brain choline. J Neurochem 1990, 55:1231-1236.
41. Gwee M.C., Sim M.K. Free choline concentration and cephalin-N-methyltransferase activity in the maternal and foetal liver and placenta of pregnant rats. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 1978, 5:649-653.
42. Gwee M.C., Sim M.K. Changes in the concentration of free choline and cephalin-N-methyltransferase activity of the rat material and foetal liver and placeta during gestation and of the maternal and neonatal liver in the early postpartum period. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 1979, 6:259-265.
43. Resseguie M., Song J., Niculescu M.D., da Costa K.A., Randall T.A., Zeisel S.H. Phosphatidylethanolamine N-methyltransferase (PEMT) gene expression is induced by estrogen in human and mouse primary hepatocytes. Faseb J 2007, 21:2622-2632.
44. Molloy A.M., Mills J.L., Cox C., Daly S.F., Conley M., Brody L.C., Kirke P.N., Scott J.M., Ueland P.M. Choline and homocysteine interrelations in umbilical cord and maternal plasma at delivery. Am J Clin Nutr 2005, 82:836-842.
45. Vollset S.E., Refsum H., Irgens L.M., Emblem B.M., Tverdal A., Gjessing H.K., Monsen A.L., Ueland P.M. Plasma total homocysteine, pregnancy complications, and adverse pregnancy outcomes: The Hordaland Homocysteine study. Am J Clin Nutr 2000, 71:962-968.
46. Zeisel S.H., Mar M.H., Zhou Z., da Costa K.A. Pregnancy and lactation are associated with diminished concentrations of choline and its metabolites in rat liver. J Nutr 1995, 125:3049-3054.
47. Velzing-Aarts F.V., Holm P.I., Fokkema M.R., van der Dijs F.P., Ueland P.M., Muskiet F.A. Plasma choline and betaine and their relation to plasma homocysteine in normal pregnancy. Am J Clin Nutr 2005, 81:1383-1389.
48. Ilcol Y.O., Uncu G., Ulus I.H. Free and phospholipid-bound choline concentrations in serum during pregnancy, after delivery and in newborns. Arch Physiol Biochem 2002, 110:393-400.
49. Sweiry J.H., Page K.R., Dacke C.G., Abramovich D.R., Yudilevich D.L. Evidence of saturable uptake mechanisms at maternal and fetal sides of the perfused human placenta by rapid paired-tracer dilution: Studies with calcium and choline. J Dev Physiol 1986, 8:435-445.
50. van der Aa E.M., Wouterse A.C., Peereboom-Stegeman J.H., Russel F.G. Uptake of choline into syncytial microvillus membrane vesicles of human term placenta. Biochem Pharmacol 1994, 47:453-456.
51. 3H]choline in human term placenta fragments. Biochem Pharmacol 1976, 25:1021-1030.
52. 3H]choline. Biochem Pharmacol 1978, 27:1251-1257.
53. van der Aa E.M., Wouterse A.C., Copius Peereboom-Stegeman J.H., Russel F.G. Inhibition of choline uptake in syncytial microvillus membrane vesicles of human term placenta. Specificity and nature of interaction. Biochem Pharmacol 1995, 50:1873-1878.
54. McMahon K.E., Farrell P.M. Measurement of free choline concentrations in maternal and neonatal blood by micropyrolysis gas chromatography. Clinica Chimica Acta Inter J Clin Chem 1985, 149:1-12.
55. Friesen R.W., Novak E.M., Hasman D., Innis S.M. Relationship of dimethylglycine, choline, and betaine with oxoproline in plasma of pregnant women and their newborn infants. J Nutr 2007, 137:2641-2646.
56. Zeisel S.H., Epstein M.F., Wurtman R.J. Elevated choline concentration in neonatal plasma. Life Sci 1980, 26:1827-1831.
57. Blusztajn J.K., Wurtman R.J. Choline and cholinergic neurons. Science 1983, 221:614-620.
58. Knopp R.H., Bergelin R.O., Wahl P.W., Walden C.E., Chapman M., Irvine S. Population-based lipoprotein lipid reference values for pregnant women compared to nonpregnant women classified by sex hormone usage. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1982, 143:626-637.
59. Darmady J.M., Postle A.D. Lipid metabolism in pregnancy. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 1982, 89:211-215.
60. Postle A.D., Al M.D., Burdge G.C., Hornstra G. The composition of individual molecular species of plasma phosphatidylcholine in human pregnancy. Early Hum Dev 1995, 43:47-58.
61. Yao Z.M., Vance D.E. The active synthesis of phosphatidylcholine is required for very low density lipoprotein secretion from rat hepatocytes. J Biol Chem 1988, 263:2998-3004.
62. Vinggaard A.M., Hansen H.S. Characterization and partial purification of phospholipase D from human placenta. Biochim Biophys Acta 1995, 1258:169-176.
63. Burdge G.C., Hunt A.N., Postle A.D. Mechanisms of hepatic phosphatidylcholine synthesis in adult rat: Effects of pregnancy. Biochem J 1994, 303(Pt 3):941-947.
64. Dobbing J. Undernutrition and the developing brain. The relevance of animal models to the human problem. Bibliotheca nutritio et dieta 1972, 35-46.
65. Clandinin M.T., Chappell J.E., Leong S., Heim T., Swyer P.R., Chance G.W. Intrauterine fatty acid accretion rates in human brain: implications for fatty acid requirements. Early Hum Dev 1980, 4:121-129.
66. Watkins S.M., Zhu X., Zeisel S.H. Phosphatidylethanolamine-N-methyltransferase activity and dietary choline regulate liver-plasma lipid flux and essential fatty acid metabolism in mice. J Nutr 2003, 133:3386-3391.
67. Fisher M.C., Zeisel S.H., Mar M.H., Sadler T.W. Inhibitors of choline uptake and metabolism cause developmental abnormalities in neurulating mouse embryos. Teratology 2001, 64:114-122.
68. Fisher M.C., Zeisel S.H., Mar M.H., Sadler T.W. Perturbations in choline metabolism cause neural tube defects in mouse embryos in vitro. FASEB J 2002, 16:619-621.
69. Shaw G.M., Carmichael S.L., Yang W., Selvin S., Schaffer D.M. Periconceptional dietary intake of choline and betaine and neural tube defects in offspring. Am J Epidemiol 2004, 160:102-109.
70. Enaw J.O., Zhu H., Yang W., Lu W., Shaw G.M., Lammer E.J., Finnell R.H. CHKA and PCYT1A gene polymorphisms, choline intake and spina bifida risk in a California population. BMC Med 2006, 4:36.
71. Meck W.H., Williams C.L. Metabolic imprinting of choline by its availability during gestation: Implications for memory and attentional processing across the lifespan. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2003, 27:385-399.
72. Meck W.H., Williams C.L., Cermak J.M., Blusztajn J.K. Developmental periods of choline sensitivity provide an ontogenetic mechanism for regulating memory capacity and age-related dementia. Front Integr Neurosci 2007, 1:7.
73. Zeisel S.H. The fetal origins of memory: The role of dietary choline in optimal brain development. J Pediatr 2006, 149(sppl):S131-S136.
74. Albright C.D., Friedrich C.B., Brown E.C., Mar M.H., Zeisel S.H. Maternal dietary choline availability alters mitosis, apoptosis and the localization of TOAD-64 protein in the developing fetal rat septum. Brain Res Dev Brain Res 1999, 115:123-129.
75. Albright C.D., Mar M.H., Friedrich C.B., Brown E.C., Zeisel S.H. Maternal choline availability alters the localization of p15Ink4B and p27Kip1 cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors in the developing fetal rat brain hippocampus. Dev Neurosci 2001, 23:100-106.
76. Albright C.D., Tsai A.Y., Friedrich C.B., Mar M.H., Zeisel S.H. Choline availability alters embryonic development of the hippocampus and septum in the rat. Brain Res Dev Brain Res 1999, 113:13-20.
77. Niculescu M.D., Yamamuro Y., Zeisel S.H. Choline availability modulates human neuroblastoma cell proliferation and alters the methylation of the promoter region of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 3 gene. J Neurochem 2004, 89:1252-1259.
78. Craciunescu C.N., Albright C.D., Mar M.H., Song J., Zeisel S.H. Choline availability during embryonic development alters progenitor cell mitosis in developing mouse hippocampus. J Nutr 2003, 133:3614-3618.
79. Niculescu M.D., Craciunescu C.N., Zeisel S.H. Gene expression profiling of choline-deprived neural precursor cells isolated from mouse brain. Brain Res Mol Brain Res 2005, 134:309-322.
80. Holmes H.C., Snodgrass G.J., Iles R.A. Changes in the choline content of human breast milk in the first 3 weeks after birth. Eur J Pediatr 2000, 159:198-204.
81. Chao C.K., Pomfret E.A., Zeisel S.H. Uptake of choline by rat mammary-gland epithelial cells. Biochem J 1988, 254:33-38.
82. Infante J.P., Kinsella J.E. Phospholipid synthesis in mammary tissue. Choline and ethanolamine kinases: Kinetic evidence for two discrete active sites. Lipids 1976, 11:727-735.
83. Yang E.K., Blusztajn J.K., Pomfret E.A., Zeisel S.H. Rat and human mammary tissue can synthesize choline moiety via the methylation of phosphatidylethanolamine. Biochem J 1988, 256:821-828.
84. Exton J.H. Phosphatidylcholine breakdown and signal transduction. Biochim Biophys Acta 1994, 1212:26-42.
85. Samborski R.W., Ridgway N.D., Vance D.E. Metabolism of molecular species of phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylcholine in rat hepatocytes during prolonged inhibition of phosphatidylethanolamine N-methyltransferase. J Lipid Res 1993, 34:125-137.
86. Cheng W., Holmes-McNary M.Q., Mar M.-H., Lien E.L., Zeisel S.H. Bioavailability of choline and choline esters from milk in rat pups. J Nutr Biochem 1996, 7:457-464.
87. Klein J., Koppen A., Loffelholz K. Regulation of free choline in rat brain: Dietary and pharmacological manipulations. Neurochem Int 1998, 32:479-485.
88. Blusztajn J.K., Cermak J.M., Holler T., Jackson D.A. Imprinting of hippocampal metabolism of choline by its availability during gestation: Implications for cholinergic neurotransmission. J Physiol Paris 1998, 92:199-203.
89. Signore C., Ueland P.M., Troendle J., Mills J.L. Choline concentrations in human maternal and cord blood and intelligence at 5 y of age. Am J Clin Nutr 2008, 87:896-902.
90. Caudill M.A. Folate and choline interrelationships: metabolic and potential health implications. Folate in Health and Disease 2009, 449-465. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL. L.B. Bailey (Ed.).
91. Abratte C.M., Wang W., Li R., Moriarty D.J., Caudill M.A. Folate intake and the MTHFR C677T genotype influence choline status in young Mexican American women. J Nutr Biochem 2008, 19:158-165.
92. Kohlmeier M., da Costa K.A., Fischer L.M., Zeisel S.H. Genetic variation of folate-mediated one-carbon transfer pathway predicts susceptibility to choline deficiency in humans. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2005, 102:16025-16030.
93. Ivanov A., Nash-Barboza S., Hinkis S., Caudill M.A. Genetic variants in phosphatidylethanolamine N-methyltransferase and methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase influence biomarkers of choline metabolism when folate intake is restricted. J Am Diet Assoc 2009, 109:313-318.
94. da Costa K.A., Kozyreva O.G., Song J., Galanko J.A., Fischer L.M., Zeisel S.H. Common genetic polymorphisms affect the human requirement for the nutrient choline. FASEB J 2006, 20:1336-1344.
95. Jensen H., Batres-Marquez S.P., Carriquiry A., Schalinske K. Choline in the diets of the US population: NHANES, 2003-2004 [abstract]. FASEB J 2007, 21:lb219.
96. Chiuve S.E., Giovannucci E.L., Hankinson S.E., Zeisel S.H., Dougherty L.W., Willett W.C., Rimm E.B. The association between betaine and choline intakes and the plasma concentrations of homocysteine in women. Am J Clin Nutr 2007, 86:1073-1081.
97. Cho E., Zeisel S.H., Jacques P., Selhub J., Dougherty L., Colditz G.A., Willett W.C. Dietary choline and betaine assessed by food-frequency questionnaire in relation to plasma total homocysteine concentration in the Framingham Offspring Study. Am J Clin Nutr 2006, 83:905-911.
98. Cho E., Willett W.C., Colditz G.A., Fuchs C.S., Wu K., Chan A.T., Zeisel S.H., Giovannucci E.L. Dietary choline and betaine and the risk of distal colorectal adenoma in women. J Natl Cancer Inst 2007, 99:1224-1231.
99. Cho E., Holmes M., Hankinson S.E., Willett W.C. Nutrients involved in one-carbon metabolism and risk of breast cancer among premenopausal women. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2007, 16:2787-2790.
100. Bidulescu A., Chambless L.E., Siega-Riz A.M., Zeisel S.H., Heiss G. Usual choline and betaine dietary intake and incident coronary heart disease: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2007, 7:20.
101. Bidulescu A., Chambless L.E., Siega-Riz A.M., Zeisel S.H., Heiss G. Repeatability and measurement error in the assessment of choline and betaine dietary intake: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study. Nutr J 2009, 8:14.
102. Fischer L.M., daCosta K.A., Kwock L., Stewart P.W., Lu T.S., Stabler S.P., Allen R.H., Zeisel S.H. Sex and menopausal status influence human dietary requirements for the nutrient choline. Am J Clin Nutr 2007, 85:1275-1285.
103. Veenema K., Solis C., Li R., Wang W., Maletz C.V., Abratte C.M., Caudill M.A. Adequate Intake levels of choline are sufficient for preventing elevations in serum markers of liver dysfunction in Mexican American men but are not optimal for minimizing plasma total homocysteine increases after a methionine load. Am J Clin Nutr 2008, 88:685-692.
104. Koc H., Mar M.H., Ranasinghe A., Swenberg J.A., Zeisel S.H. Quantitation of choline and its metabolites in tissues and foods by liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization-isotope dilution mass spectrometry. Anal Chem 2002, 74:4734-4740.
105. Abratte C.M., Wang W., Li R., Axume J., Moriarty D.J., Caudill M.A. Choline status is not a reliable indicator of moderate changes in dietary choline consumption in premenopausal women. J Nutr Biochem 2009, 20:62-69.
106. Patterson K.Y., Bhagwat S.A., Williams J.R., Howe J.C., Holden J.M., Zeisel S.H., da Costa K.A., Mar M.-H. USDA Database for the Choline Content of Common Foods Release 2 Accessed July 2008. http://www.ars.usda.gov/Services/docs.htm?docid=6232.
107. Dilger R.N., Garrow T.A., Baker D.H. Betaine can partially spare choline in chicks but only when added to diets containing a minimal level of choline. J Nutr 2007, 137:2224-2228.