메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 2, Issue 2, 2010, Pages 91-98

Mushrooms and agaritine: A mini-review

Author keywords

Agaricus bisporus; Agaritine; Human health; Hydrazine

Indexed keywords

AGARICUS; AGARICUS BISPORUS; BASIDIOMYCOTA; MUS;

EID: 77954862987     PISSN: 17564646     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2010.04.003     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (34)

References (57)
  • 1
    • 77954861763 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phenylhydrazines in the cultivated mushroom (Agaricus bisporus) - Occurrence, biological properties, risk assessment and recommendations. TemaNord 558, Nordic Council of Ministers, Copenhagen, Denmark
    • Andersson, H. C. & Gry, J. (2004). Phenylhydrazines in the cultivated mushroom (Agaricus bisporus) - Occurrence, biological properties, risk assessment and recommendations. TemaNord 558, Nordic Council of Ministers, Copenhagen, Denmark.
    • (2004)
    • Andersson, H.C.1    Gry, J.2
  • 2
    • 0032828771 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Agaritine content in processed foods containing the cultivated mushroom (Agaricus bisporus) on the Nordic and the Czech market
    • Andersson H.C., Hajslova J., Schulzova V., Panovska Z., Hajkova L., Gry J. Agaritine content in processed foods containing the cultivated mushroom (Agaricus bisporus) on the Nordic and the Czech market. Food Additives and Contaminants 1999, 16:439-446.
    • (1999) Food Additives and Contaminants , vol.16 , pp. 439-446
    • Andersson, H.C.1    Hajslova, J.2    Schulzova, V.3    Panovska, Z.4    Hajkova, L.5    Gry, J.6
  • 5
    • 0021485836 scopus 로고
    • Rapid determination of agaritine in commercial mushrooms (Agaricus bisporus) with high performance liquid chromatography
    • Fischer B., Luthy J., Schlatter C. Rapid determination of agaritine in commercial mushrooms (Agaricus bisporus) with high performance liquid chromatography. Zeitschrift fuer Lebensmittel - Untersuchung und Forschung 1984, 179:218-223.
    • (1984) Zeitschrift fuer Lebensmittel - Untersuchung und Forschung , vol.179 , pp. 218-223
    • Fischer, B.1    Luthy, J.2    Schlatter, C.3
  • 6
    • 60549100884 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Immunological, hematological, and glycemia effects of dietary supplementation with Agaricus sylvaticus on patients' colorectal cancer
    • Fortes R.C., Novaes M., Recova V.L., Melo A.L. Immunological, hematological, and glycemia effects of dietary supplementation with Agaricus sylvaticus on patients' colorectal cancer. Experimental Biology and Medicine 2009, 234:53-62.
    • (2009) Experimental Biology and Medicine , vol.234 , pp. 53-62
    • Fortes, R.C.1    Novaes, M.2    Recova, V.L.3    Melo, A.L.4
  • 7
  • 8
    • 0022761218 scopus 로고
    • The mutagenic activity of agaritine - A constituent of the cultivated mushroom Agaricus bisporus - And its derivatives detected with the Salmonella/mammalian microsome assay (Ames test)
    • Friederich U., Fischer B., Luthy J., Hann D., Schlatter C., Wurgler F.E. The mutagenic activity of agaritine - A constituent of the cultivated mushroom Agaricus bisporus - And its derivatives detected with the Salmonella/mammalian microsome assay (Ames test). Zeitschrift fuer Lebensmittel - Untersuchung und Forschung 1986, 183:85-89.
    • (1986) Zeitschrift fuer Lebensmittel - Untersuchung und Forschung , vol.183 , pp. 85-89
    • Friederich, U.1    Fischer, B.2    Luthy, J.3    Hann, D.4    Schlatter, C.5    Wurgler, F.E.6
  • 9
    • 77954862385 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biochemical parameters of colorectal cancer patients using diet with Agaricus sylvaticus mushroom: Randomized Study. Annals of Oncology
    • Garbi Novaes, M., Fortes, R., Recova, V., & Lima, A. (2007a). Biochemical parameters of colorectal cancer patients using diet with Agaricus sylvaticus mushroom: Randomized Study. Annals of Oncology, 18, VII36.
    • (2007) , vol.18
    • Garbi, N.M.1    Fortes, R.2    Recova, V.3    Lima, A.4
  • 10
    • 77954865508 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Enzymatic biochemistry alterations in colorectal cancer patients using diet with Agaricus sylvaticus mushroom. Annals of Oncology
    • Garbi Novaes, M., Fortes, R., Recova, V., & Lima, A. (2007b). Enzymatic biochemistry alterations in colorectal cancer patients using diet with Agaricus sylvaticus mushroom. Annals of Oncology, 18, VII35-VII36.
    • (2007) , vol.18
    • Garbi, N.M.1    Fortes, R.2    Recova, V.3    Lima, A.4
  • 11
    • 77954862173 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glycemia levels of colorectal cancer patients using Agaricus sylvaticus mushroom: Placebo-controlled clinical trial. Annals of Oncology
    • Garbi Novaes, M., Fortes, R., Recova, V., & Lima, A. (2007c). Glycemia levels of colorectal cancer patients using Agaricus sylvaticus mushroom: Placebo-controlled clinical trial. Annals of Oncology, 18, VII36-VII37.
    • (2007) , vol.18
    • Garbi, N.M.1    Fortes, R.2    Recova, V.3    Lima, A.4
  • 12
    • 77954862385 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hematological and immunological parameters in colorectal cancer patients after six months of dietary supplementation with Agaricus sylvaticus mushroom
    • Garbi Novaes, M., Fortes, R., Recova, V., & Lima, A. (2007d). Hematological and immunological parameters in colorectal cancer patients after six months of dietary supplementation with Agaricus sylvaticus mushroom. Annals of Oncology, 18, VII36.
    • (2007) Annals of Oncology , vol.18
    • Garbi, N.M.1    Fortes, R.2    Recova, V.3    Lima, A.4
  • 13
    • 77954862946 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quality of life of colorectal cancer patients using diet with Agaricus sylvaticus mushroom after six months treatment. Annals of Oncology
    • Garbi Novaes, M., Fortes, R., Recova, V., & Lima, A. (2007e). Quality of life of colorectal cancer patients using diet with Agaricus sylvaticus mushroom after six months treatment. Annals of Oncology, 18, VII37.
    • (2007) , vol.18
    • Garbi, N.M.1    Fortes, R.2    Recova, V.3    Lima, A.4
  • 14
    • 0025726784 scopus 로고
    • The mutagenicity of edible mushrooms in a histidine-independent bacterial test system
    • Gruter A., Friederich U., Wurgler F.E. The mutagenicity of edible mushrooms in a histidine-independent bacterial test system. Food and Chemical Toxicology 1991, 29:159-165.
    • (1991) Food and Chemical Toxicology , vol.29 , pp. 159-165
    • Gruter, A.1    Friederich, U.2    Wurgler, F.E.3
  • 16
    • 0025445850 scopus 로고
    • Quantities of agaritine in mushrooms (Agaricus bisporus) and the carcinogenicity of mushroom methanol extracts on the mouse bladder epithelium
    • Hashida C., Hayashi K., Jie L., Haga S., Sakurai M., Shimizu H. Quantities of agaritine in mushrooms (Agaricus bisporus) and the carcinogenicity of mushroom methanol extracts on the mouse bladder epithelium. Nippon Koshu Eisei Zasshi 1990, 37:400-405.
    • (1990) Nippon Koshu Eisei Zasshi , vol.37 , pp. 400-405
    • Hashida, C.1    Hayashi, K.2    Jie, L.3    Haga, S.4    Sakurai, M.5    Shimizu, H.6
  • 17
    • 0028959058 scopus 로고
    • DNA strand breaking by the carbon-centered radical generated from 4-(hydroxymethyl) benzenediazonium salt, a carcinogen in mushroom Agaricus bisporus
    • Hiramoto K., Kaku M., Kato T., Kikugawa K. DNA strand breaking by the carbon-centered radical generated from 4-(hydroxymethyl) benzenediazonium salt, a carcinogen in mushroom Agaricus bisporus. Chemico-Biological Interactions 1995, 94:21-36.
    • (1995) Chemico-Biological Interactions , vol.94 , pp. 21-36
    • Hiramoto, K.1    Kaku, M.2    Kato, T.3    Kikugawa, K.4
  • 18
    • 42049084426 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The mushroom Agaricus blazei Murill extract normalizes liver function in patients with chronic hepatitis B
    • Hsu C.H., Hwang K.C., Chiang Y.H., Chou P. The mushroom Agaricus blazei Murill extract normalizes liver function in patients with chronic hepatitis B. Journal of Alternative Complementary Medicine 2008, 14:299-301.
    • (2008) Journal of Alternative Complementary Medicine , vol.14 , pp. 299-301
    • Hsu, C.H.1    Hwang, K.C.2    Chiang, Y.H.3    Chou, P.4
  • 19
    • 33847288191 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The mushroom Agaricus blazei Murill in combination with metformin and gliclazide improves insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes: A randomized, double-blinded, and placebo-controlled clinical trial
    • Hsu C.-H., Liao Y.-L., Lin S.-C., Hwang K.-C., Chou P. The mushroom Agaricus blazei Murill in combination with metformin and gliclazide improves insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes: A randomized, double-blinded, and placebo-controlled clinical trial. Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine 2007, 13:97-102.
    • (2007) Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine , vol.13 , pp. 97-102
    • Hsu, C.-H.1    Liao, Y.-L.2    Lin, S.-C.3    Hwang, K.-C.4    Chou, P.5
  • 20
    • 0036033883 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical utility of ABCL (Agaricus Mushroom Extract) treatment for C-type hepatitis
    • Inuzuka H., Yoshida T. Clinical utility of ABCL (Agaricus Mushroom Extract) treatment for C-type hepatitis. Japanese Pharmacology and Therapeutics 2002, 30:103-107.
    • (2002) Japanese Pharmacology and Therapeutics , vol.30 , pp. 103-107
    • Inuzuka, H.1    Yoshida, T.2
  • 21
    • 41549111936 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Compounds for dementia from Hericium erinaceum
    • Kawagishi H., Zhuang C. Compounds for dementia from Hericium erinaceum. Drugs of the Future 2008, 33:149-155.
    • (2008) Drugs of the Future , vol.33 , pp. 149-155
    • Kawagishi, H.1    Zhuang, C.2
  • 22
    • 0033192442 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ganoderma lucidum extract protects DNA from strand breakage caused by hydroxyl radical and UV irradiation
    • Kim K.C., Kim I.G. Ganoderma lucidum extract protects DNA from strand breakage caused by hydroxyl radical and UV irradiation. International Journal of Molecular Medicine 1999, 4:273-277.
    • (1999) International Journal of Molecular Medicine , vol.4 , pp. 273-277
    • Kim, K.C.1    Kim, I.G.2
  • 24
    • 37049007679 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lack of carcinogenicity of lyophilized Agaricus blazei Murill in a F344 rat two year bioassay
    • Lee I.P., Kang B.H., Roh J.K., Kim J.R. Lack of carcinogenicity of lyophilized Agaricus blazei Murill in a F344 rat two year bioassay. Food and Chemical Toxicology 2008, 46:87-95.
    • (2008) Food and Chemical Toxicology , vol.46 , pp. 87-95
    • Lee, I.P.1    Kang, B.H.2    Roh, J.K.3    Kim, J.R.4
  • 25
    • 0025853341 scopus 로고
    • Carcinogenicity examination of Agaricus bisporus, edible mushroom, in rats
    • Matsumoto K., Ito M., Yagyu S., Ogino H., Hirono I. Carcinogenicity examination of Agaricus bisporus, edible mushroom, in rats. Cancer Letters 1991, 58:87-90.
    • (1991) Cancer Letters , vol.58 , pp. 87-90
    • Matsumoto, K.1    Ito, M.2    Yagyu, S.3    Ogino, H.4    Hirono, I.5
  • 26
    • 61449242700 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Improving effects of the mushroom Yamabushitake (Hericium erinaceus) on mild cognitive impairment: A double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial
    • Mori K., Inatomi S., Ouchi K., Azumi Y., Tuchida T. Improving effects of the mushroom Yamabushitake (Hericium erinaceus) on mild cognitive impairment: A double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial. Phytotherapy Research 2009, 23:367-372.
    • (2009) Phytotherapy Research , vol.23 , pp. 367-372
    • Mori, K.1    Inatomi, S.2    Ouchi, K.3    Azumi, Y.4    Tuchida, T.5
  • 28
    • 0025752460 scopus 로고
    • Agaritine does not mediate the mutagenicity of the edible mushroom Agaricus bisporus
    • Papaparaskeva C., Ioannides C., Walker R. Agaritine does not mediate the mutagenicity of the edible mushroom Agaricus bisporus. Mutagenesis 1991, 6:213-217.
    • (1991) Mutagenesis , vol.6 , pp. 213-217
    • Papaparaskeva, C.1    Ioannides, C.2    Walker, R.3
  • 29
    • 0027338384 scopus 로고
    • Contribution of phenolic and quinonoid structures in the mutagenicity of the edible mushroom Agaricus bisporus
    • Papaparaskeva-Petrides C., Ioannides C., Walker R. Contribution of phenolic and quinonoid structures in the mutagenicity of the edible mushroom Agaricus bisporus. Food and Chemical Toxicology 1993, 31:561-567.
    • (1993) Food and Chemical Toxicology , vol.31 , pp. 561-567
    • Papaparaskeva-Petrides, C.1    Ioannides, C.2    Walker, R.3
  • 30
    • 16444369825 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chaga mushroom extract inhibits oxidative DNA damage in human lymphocytes as assessed by Comet assay
    • Park Y.K., Lee H.B., Jeon E.J., Jung H.S., Kang M.H. Chaga mushroom extract inhibits oxidative DNA damage in human lymphocytes as assessed by Comet assay. Biofactors 2004, 21:109-112.
    • (2004) Biofactors , vol.21 , pp. 109-112
    • Park, Y.K.1    Lee, H.B.2    Jeon, E.J.3    Jung, H.S.4    Kang, M.H.5
  • 31
    • 0030856325 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Failure of the cultivated mushroom (Agaricus bisporus) to induce tumors in the A/J mouse lung tumor model
    • Pilegaard K., Kristiansen E., Meyer O.A., Gry J. Failure of the cultivated mushroom (Agaricus bisporus) to induce tumors in the A/J mouse lung tumor model. Cancer Letters 1997, 120:79-85.
    • (1997) Cancer Letters , vol.120 , pp. 79-85
    • Pilegaard, K.1    Kristiansen, E.2    Meyer, O.A.3    Gry, J.4
  • 32
    • 33747837706 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevention of radiation-induced damages by aqueous extract of Ganoderma lucidum occurring in southern parts of India
    • Pillai T.G., Salvi V.P., Maurya D.K., Nair C.K.K., Janardhanan K.K. Prevention of radiation-induced damages by aqueous extract of Ganoderma lucidum occurring in southern parts of India. Current Science 2006, 91:341-344.
    • (2006) Current Science , vol.91 , pp. 341-344
    • Pillai, T.G.1    Salvi, V.P.2    Maurya, D.K.3    Nair, C.K.K.4    Janardhanan, K.K.5
  • 36
    • 58949103062 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Agaritine content of 53 Agaricus species collected from nature. Food Additives and Contaminants Part A - Chemistry Analysis Control Exposure & Risk Assessment
    • Schulzova, V., Hajslova, J., Peroutka, R., Hlavasek, J., Gry, J., & Andersson, H.C. (2009). Agaritine content of 53 Agaricus species collected from nature. Food Additives and Contaminants Part A - Chemistry Analysis Control Exposure & Risk Assessment, 26, 82-93.
    • (2009) , vol.26 , pp. 82-93
    • Schulzova, V.1    Hajslova, J.2    Peroutka, R.3    Hlavasek, J.4    Gry, J.5    Andersson, H.C.6
  • 37
    • 0036749959 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Influence of storage and household processing on the agaritine content of the cultivated Agaricus mushroom
    • Schulzova V., Hajslova J., Peroutka R., Gry J., Andersson H.C. Influence of storage and household processing on the agaritine content of the cultivated Agaricus mushroom. Food Additives and Contaminants 2002, 19:853-862.
    • (2002) Food Additives and Contaminants , vol.19 , pp. 853-862
    • Schulzova, V.1    Hajslova, J.2    Peroutka, R.3    Gry, J.4    Andersson, H.C.5
  • 38
    • 0025001326 scopus 로고
    • A survey of the occurrence of agaritine in UK cultivated mushrooms and processed mushroom products
    • Sharman M., Patey A.L., Gilbert J. A survey of the occurrence of agaritine in UK cultivated mushrooms and processed mushroom products. Food Additives and Contaminants 1990, 7:649-656.
    • (1990) Food Additives and Contaminants , vol.7 , pp. 649-656
    • Sharman, M.1    Patey, A.L.2    Gilbert, J.3
  • 39
    • 0028921230 scopus 로고
    • Genotoxicity of agaritine in the lacI transgenic mouse mutation assay: Evaluation of the health risk of mushroom consumption
    • Shephard S.E., Gunz D., Schlatter C. Genotoxicity of agaritine in the lacI transgenic mouse mutation assay: Evaluation of the health risk of mushroom consumption. Food and Chemical Toxicology 1995, 33:257-264.
    • (1995) Food and Chemical Toxicology , vol.33 , pp. 257-264
    • Shephard, S.E.1    Gunz, D.2    Schlatter, C.3
  • 41
    • 0010285954 scopus 로고
    • Factors influencing the agaritine content in cultivated mushrooms, Agaricus Bisporus
    • Speroni J.J., Beelman R.B., Schisler L.C. Factors influencing the agaritine content in cultivated mushrooms, Agaricus Bisporus. Journal of Food Protection 1983, 46:506-509.
    • (1983) Journal of Food Protection , vol.46 , pp. 506-509
    • Speroni, J.J.1    Beelman, R.B.2    Schisler, L.C.3
  • 43
    • 0034408855 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Absence of agaritine in Pleurotus species and in other cultivated and wild-growing mushrooms not belonging to the genus Agaricus
    • Stijve T., Pittet A. Absence of agaritine in Pleurotus species and in other cultivated and wild-growing mushrooms not belonging to the genus Agaricus. Deutsche Lebensmittel-Rundschau 2000, 96:251-254.
    • (2000) Deutsche Lebensmittel-Rundschau , vol.96 , pp. 251-254
    • Stijve, T.1    Pittet, A.2
  • 44
    • 0022787748 scopus 로고
    • Carcinogenesis by N2-[gamma-l(+)-glutamyl]-4-carboxyphenylhydrazine of Agaricus bisporus in mice
    • Toth B. Carcinogenesis by N2-[gamma-l(+)-glutamyl]-4-carboxyphenylhydrazine of Agaricus bisporus in mice. Anticancer Research 1986, 6:917-920.
    • (1986) Anticancer Research , vol.6 , pp. 917-920
    • Toth, B.1
  • 45
    • 0031137665 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lack of carcinogenesis by the baked mushroom Agaricus bisporus in mice: Different feeding regimen
    • Toth B., Erickson J., Gannett P. Lack of carcinogenesis by the baked mushroom Agaricus bisporus in mice: Different feeding regimen. In Vivo 1997, 11:227-231.
    • (1997) In Vivo , vol.11 , pp. 227-231
    • Toth, B.1    Erickson, J.2    Gannett, P.3
  • 46
    • 0025632980 scopus 로고
    • Carcinogenesis study in mice by 3-methylbutanal methylformylhydrazone of Gyromitra esculenta
    • Toth B., Gannett P. Carcinogenesis study in mice by 3-methylbutanal methylformylhydrazone of Gyromitra esculenta. In Vivo 1990, 4:283-288.
    • (1990) In Vivo , vol.4 , pp. 283-288
    • Toth, B.1    Gannett, P.2
  • 47
    • 0019418645 scopus 로고
    • Studies of the tumorigenic potential of 4-substituted phenylhydrazines by the subcutaneous route
    • Toth B., Nagel D. Studies of the tumorigenic potential of 4-substituted phenylhydrazines by the subcutaneous route. Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health 1981, 8:1-9.
    • (1981) Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health , vol.8 , pp. 1-9
    • Toth, B.1    Nagel, D.2
  • 50
    • 0021264553 scopus 로고
    • Lack of carcinogenicity of agaritine by subcutaneous administration in mice
    • Toth B., Sornson H. Lack of carcinogenicity of agaritine by subcutaneous administration in mice. Mycopathologia 1984, 85:75-79.
    • (1984) Mycopathologia , vol.85 , pp. 75-79
    • Toth, B.1    Sornson, H.2
  • 52
    • 1342282406 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ganoderma lucidum ('Lingzhi'), a Chinese medicinal mushroom: Biomarker responses in a controlled human supplementation study
    • Wachtel-Galor S., Tomlinson B., Benzie I.F.F. Ganoderma lucidum ('Lingzhi'), a Chinese medicinal mushroom: Biomarker responses in a controlled human supplementation study. British Journal of Nutrition 2004, 91:263-269.
    • (2004) British Journal of Nutrition , vol.91 , pp. 263-269
    • Wachtel-Galor, S.1    Tomlinson, B.2    Benzie, I.F.F.3
  • 54
    • 9244263531 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Aqueous extract from Taiwanese Agrocybe cylindracea strain B protects DNA against center OH-mediated strand breaks
    • Wang L.H., Tsai S.J., Lin S.Y. Aqueous extract from Taiwanese Agrocybe cylindracea strain B protects DNA against center OH-mediated strand breaks. Journal of Food and Drug Analysis 2004, 12:277-285.
    • (2004) Journal of Food and Drug Analysis , vol.12 , pp. 277-285
    • Wang, L.H.1    Tsai, S.J.2    Lin, S.Y.3
  • 55
    • 61749103277 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effects of whole mushrooms during inflammation
    • Yu S., Weaver V., Martin K., Cantorna M.T. The effects of whole mushrooms during inflammation. BMC Immunology 2009, 10:12-25.
    • (2009) BMC Immunology , vol.10 , pp. 12-25
    • Yu, S.1    Weaver, V.2    Martin, K.3    Cantorna, M.T.4
  • 56
    • 38049105492 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of selenium on increasing free radical scavenging activities of polysaccharide extracts from a Se-enriched mushroom species of the genus Ganoderma
    • Zhao L., Zhao G.H., Du M., Zhao Z.D., Xiao L.X., Hu X.S. Effect of selenium on increasing free radical scavenging activities of polysaccharide extracts from a Se-enriched mushroom species of the genus Ganoderma. European Food Research and Technology 2008, 226:499-505.
    • (2008) European Food Research and Technology , vol.226 , pp. 499-505
    • Zhao, L.1    Zhao, G.H.2    Du, M.3    Zhao, Z.D.4    Xiao, L.X.5    Hu, X.S.6
  • 57
    • 20844461339 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical trials for medicinal mushrooms: Experience with Ganoderma lucidum (W.Curt.:Fr.) Lloyd (Lingzhi Mushroom)
    • Zhou S., Gao Y., Chan E. Clinical trials for medicinal mushrooms: Experience with Ganoderma lucidum (W.Curt.:Fr.) Lloyd (Lingzhi Mushroom). International Journal of Medicinal Mushrooms 2005, 7:111-117.
    • (2005) International Journal of Medicinal Mushrooms , vol.7 , pp. 111-117
    • Zhou, S.1    Gao, Y.2    Chan, E.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.