Motivational Interviewing to promote self-awareness and engagement in rehabilitation following acquired brain injury: A conceptual review

Neuropsychological Rehabilitation

Volumn 20, Issue 4, 2010, Pages 481-508

  Medley, Andrew R ^a   Powell, Theresa ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF BIRMINGHAM   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Motivation; Stages of change; Therapeutic alliance; Treatment adherence

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; AWARENESS; BRAIN INJURY; HUMAN; INTERVIEW; MOTIVATION; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; PHYSIOLOGY; PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECT; SELF CONCEPT;

AWARENESS; BRAIN INJURIES; HUMANS; INTERVIEWS AS TOPIC; MOTIVATION; SELF CONCEPT;

EID: 77954444334     PISSN: 09602011     EISSN: 14640694     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/09602010903529610     Document Type: Article

References (137)

1. Alderman, N. (2003). Contemporary approaches to the management of irritability and aggression following traumatic brain injury. Neuropsychological Rehabilitation, 13(1-2), 211-240.
2. Bandura, A. (1977). Self-efficacy: Toward a unifying theory of behavioural change. Psychological Review, 84, 191-215.
3. Bandura, A. (1986). Social foundations of thought and action: A social-cognitive view. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
4. Bandura, A. (1989). Regulation of cognitive processes through perceived self-efficacy. Developmental Psychology, 25, 729-735.
5. Bandura, A. (1997). Self-efficacy: The exercise of control. New York: Freeman.
6. Barco, P. P., Crosson, B., Bolesta, M. M., Werts, D., & Stout, R. (1991). Training awareness and compensation in postacute head injury rehabilitation. In J. S. Kreutzer & P. H. Wehman (Eds.), Cognitive rehabilitation for persons with traumatic brain injury: A functional approach. Baltimore: Paul H. Brookes.
7. Bell, K. R., Temkin, N. R., Esselman, P. C., Doctor, J. N., Bombardier, C. H., Fraser, R. T., Hoffman, J. M., Powell, J. M., & Dikmen, S. (2005). The effect of a scheduled telephone intervention on outcome after moderate to severe traumatic brain injury: A randomized trial. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 86, 851-856.
8. Ben-Yishay, Y., Rattock, J., Lakin, P., Piasetsky, E., Ross, B., Silver, S. L., Zide, E., & Ezrachi, O. (1985). Neuropsychological rehabilitation: The quest for a holistic approach. Seminars in Neurology, 5, 252-259.
9. Biderman, D., Daniels-Zide, E., Reyes, A., & Marks, B. (2006). Ego-identity: Can it be reconstituted after a brain injury? International Journal of Psychology, 41(5), 355-361.
10. Bombardier, C. H., Ehde, D., & Kilmer, J. (1997). Readiness to change alcohol drinking habits after traumatic brain injury. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 78, 592-596.
11. Bombardier, C. H., & Rimmele, C. T. (1999). Motivational interviewing to prevent alcohol abuse after traumatic brain injury: A case series. Rehabilitation Psychology, 44(1), 52-67.
12. Britt, E., Hudson, S. M., & Blampied, N. M. (2004). Motivational interviewing in health settings: A review. Patient Education and Counselling, 53, 147-155.
13. Brodie, D. A., Inoue, A., & Shaw, D. G. (2008). Motivational interviewing to change quality of life for people with chronic heart failure: A randomised controlled trial. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 45, 489-500.
14. Burke, B. L., Arkowitz, H., & Dunn, C. (2002). The efficacy of motivational interviewing and its adaptations: What we know so far. In W. R. Miller & S. Rollnick (Eds.), Motivational interviewing: Preparing people for change (2nd ed.). New York: Guilford Press.
15. Burke, B. L., Arkowitz, H., & Menchola, M. (2003). The efficacy of motivational interviewing: A meta-analysis of controlled clinical trials. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 71(5), 843-861.
16. Chervinsky, A. B., Ommaya, A. K., deJonge, M., Spector, J., Schwab, K., & Salazar, A. M. (1998). Motivation for traumatic brain injury rehabilitation questionnaire (MOT-Q): Reliability, factor analysis, and relationship to MMPI-2 variables. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, 13(5), 433-446.
17. Cicerone, K. D. (1989). Psychotherapeutic interventions with traumatically brain-injured patients. Rehabilitation Psychology, 34(2), 105-113.
18. Cicerone, K. D., & Azulay, J. (2007). Perceived self-efficacy and life satisfaction after traumatic brain injury. Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation, 22(5), 257-266.
19. Cicerone, K., Levin, H., Malec, J., Stuss, D., & Whyte, J. (2006). Cognitive rehabilitation interventions for executive function: Moving from bench to bedside in patients with traumatic brain injury. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 18(7), 1212-1222.
20. Cicerone, K. D., Mott, T., Azulay, J., Sharlow-Galella, Ellmo, W. J., Paradise, S., & Friel, J. C. (2008). A randomized controlled trial of holistic neuropsychologic rehabilitation after traumatic brain injury. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 89, 2239-2249.
21. Clark, M., & Hampson, S. E. (2001). Implementing a psychological intervention to improve lifestyle self-management in patients with Type 2 diabetes. Patient Education and Counseling, 42(3), 247-256.
22. Coetzer, R. (2004). Grief, self-awareness, and psychotherapy following brain injury. Illness, Crisis & Loss, 12(2), 171-186.
23. Coetzer, R. (2007). Psychotherapy following traumatic brain injury: Integrating theory and practice. Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation, 22(1), 39-47.
24. Coetzer, R. (2008). Holistic neuro-rehabilitation in the community: Is identity a key issue? Neuropsychological Rehabilitation, 18(5/6), 766-783.
25. Coetzer, B. R., & Corney, M. J. R. (2001). Grief and self-awareness following brain injury and the effect of feedback as an intervention. Journal of Cognitive Rehabilitation, Winter, 8-14.
26. Conneeley, A. L. (2003). Quality of life and traumatic brain injury: A one-year longitudinal study. British Journal of Occupational Therapy, 66(10), 440-446.
27. Connors, G. J., Donovan, D. M., & DiClemente, C. C. (2001). Substance abuse treatment and the stages of change: Selecting and planning interventions. New York: Guildford Press.
28. Cox, W. M., Heinemann, A. W., Miranti, S. V., Schmidt, M., Klinger, E., & Blount, J. (2003). Outcomes of systematic motivational counseling for substance use following brain injury. Journal of Addictive Diseases, 22(1), 93-110.
29. Crosson, B. C., Barco, P. P., Velozo, C. A., Bolesta, M. M., Werts, D., & Brobeck, T. (1989). Awareness and compensation in post-acute head injury rehabilitation. Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation, 4, 46-54.
30. Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (1985). Intrinsic motivation and self-determination in human behaviour. New York: Plenum.
31. Department of Health (2005). National service framework for long term conditions. London: Department of Health.
32. Dewar, B., & Gracey, F. (2007). "Am not was": Cognitive-behavioural therapy for adjustment and identity change following herpes simplex encephalitis. Neuropsychological Rehabilitation, 17(4/5), 602-620.
33. DiClemente, C. C., & Velasquez, M. M. (2002). Motivational interviewing and the stages of change. In W. R. Miller & S. Rollnick (Eds.), Motivational interviewing: Preparing people for change (2nd ed.). New York: Guilford Press.
34. Dumont, C., Gervais, M., Fougeyrollas, P., & Bertrand, R. (2004). Toward an explanatory model of social participation for adults with traumatic brain injury. Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation, 19(6), 431-444.
35. Dunn, C., DeRoo, L., & Rivara, F. R. (2001). The use of brief interventions adapted from motivational interviewing across behavioural domains: A systematic review. Addiction, 96, 1725-1742.
36. Emmons, K. M., & Rollnick, S. (2001). Motivational interviewing in health care settings: Opportunities and limitations. American Journal of Preventative Medicine, 20(1), 68-74.
37. Engel, G. L. (1977). The need for a new medical model: A challenge for biomedicine. Science, 196, 129-136.
38. Ezrachi, O., Ben-Yishay, Y., Kay, T., Diller, L., & Rattock, J. (1991). Predicting employment in traumatic brain injury following neuropsychological rehabilitation. Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation, 6, 71-84.
39. Festinger, L. (1957). A theory of cognitive dissonance. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.
40. Fleming, J. M., & Ownsworth, T. (2006). A review of awareness interventions in brain injury rehabilitation. Neuropsychological Rehabilitation, 16(4), 474-500.
41. Fleming, J. M., & Strong, J. (1995). Self-awareness of deficits following acquired brain injury: Considerations for rehabilitation. British Journal of Occupational Therapy, 58, 55-60.
42. Fleming, J. M., Strong, J., & Ashton, R. (1998). Cluster analysis of self-awareness levels in adults with traumatic brain injury and relationship to outcome. Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation, 13(5), 39-51.
43. Giacino, J. T., & Cicerone, K. D. (1998). Varieties of deficit unawareness after brain injury. Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation, 13, 1-15.
44. Goldstein, K. (1952). The effects of brain damage on the personality. Presented at the annual meeting of the American Psychoanalytic Association, Atlantic City, NJ.
45. Goldstein, K. (1959). Notes on the development of my concepts. Journal of Individual Psychology, 15, 5-14.
46. Gracey, F., Oldham, P., & Kritzinger, R. (2007). Finding out if "the 'me' will shut down": successful cognitive-behavioural therapy of seizure-related panic symptoms following subar-achnoid haemorrhage: A single case report. Neuropsychological Rehabilitation, 17(1), 106-119.
47. Gracey, F., Palmer, S., Rous, B., Psaila, K., Shaw, K., O'Dell, J., Cope, J., & Mohamed, S. (2008). "Feeling part of things": Personal construction of self after brain injury. Neuropsy-chological Rehabilitation, 18(5/6), 627-650.
48. Hart, T., & Evans, J. (2006). Self-regulation and goal theories in brain injury rehabilitation. Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation, 21(2), 142-155.
49. Hart, T., Whyte, J., Kim, J., & Vaccaro, M. (2005). Executive function and self-awareness of "real-world" behavior and attention deficits following traumatic brain injury. Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation, 20(4), 333-347.
50. Hillier, S. L., & Metzer, J. (1997). Awareness and perceptions of outcomes after traumatic brain injury. Brain Injury, 11(7), 525-536. (Pubitemid 27279720)
51. Holden, G. (1991). The relationship of self-efficacy appraisals to subsequent health-related outcomes: A meta-analysis. Social Work in Health Care, 16, 53-93.
52. Ingledew, D. K., Markland, D., & Medley, A. R. (1998). Exercise motives and stages of change. Journal of Health Psychology, 3, 477-489.
53. Kelly, G. A. (1955). The psychology of personal constructs (Vol. 1 and 2). New York: Norton.
54. Kemp, R., Hayward, P., Applewhaite, Everitt, B., & David, A. (1996). Compliance therapy in psychotic patients: Randomised controlled trial. British Medical Journal, 3(12), 345-349.
55. Klonoff, P. S. (1997). Individual and group psychotherapy in milieu-oriented neuro-rehabilitation. Applied Neuropsychology, 4(2), 107-118.
56. Klonoff, P. S., Lamb, D. G., Henderson, S. W., & Shepherd, J. (1998). Outcome assessment after milieu-oriented rehabilitation: New considerations. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 79(6), 684-690.
57. Knight, K. M., McGowan, L., Dickens, C., & Bundy, C. (2006). A systematic review of motivational interviewing in physical health care settings. British Journal of Health Psychology, 11, 319-332.
58. Kopel, S., & Arkowitz, H. (1975). The role of attribution and self-perception in behaviour change: Implications for behaviour therapy. Genetic Psychology Monographs, 92, 175-212.
59. Kortte, K. B., Wegener, S. T., & Chwalisz, K. (2003). Anosognosia and denial: Their relationship to coping and depression in acquired brain injury. Rehabilitation Psychology, 48(3), 131-136.
60. Krpan, K. M., Levine, B., Stuss, D. T., & Dawson, D. R. (2007). Executive function and coping at one-year post traumatic brain injury. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 29(1), 36-46.
61. Kübler-Ross, E. (1981). Living with death and dying. New York: MacMillan Publishing.
62. Lam, C. S., McMahon, B. T., Priddy, D. A., & Gehred-Schultz, A. (1988). Deficit awareness and treatment performance among traumatic head injury adults. Brain Injury, 2(3), 235-242.
63. Langer, K. G., & Padrone, F. J. (1992). Psychotherapeutic treatment of awareness in acute rehabilitation of traumatic brain injury. Neuropsychological Rehabilitation, 2(1), 59-70.
64. Larøi, F. (2003). The family systems approach to treating families of persons with brain injury: A potential collaboration between family therapist and brain injury professional. Brain Injury, 17(2), 175-187.
65. Lefebvre, H., & Levert, M. J. (2006). Sudden and unexpected health situation: From suffering to resilience. Illness, Crisis, & Loss, 14(4), 337-354.
66. Lequerica, A. H., Rapport, L. J., Whitman, R. D., Millis, S. R., Vangel, S. J., Jr., Hanks, R. A., & Axelrod, B. N. (2006). Psychometric properties of the rehabilitation therapy engagement scale when used among individuals with acquired brain injury. Rehabilitation Psychology, 51(4), 331-337.
67. Levine, B., Robertson, I. H., Clare, L., Hong, J., Wilson, B. A., Duncan, J., & Stuss, D. T. (2000). Rehabilitation of executive functioning: An experimental-clinical validation of goal management training. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, 6, 299-312.
68. Lewis, L. (1991a). A framework for developing a psychotherapy treatment plan with brain injured patients. Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation, 6(4), 22-29.
69. Lewis, L. (1991b). Role of psychological factors in disordered awareness. In G. Prigatano & D. Schacter (Eds.), Awareness of deficit after brain injury: Clinical and theoretical issues. New York: Oxford University Press.
70. Lubusko, A. A., Moore, A. D., Stambrook, M., & Gill, D. D. (1994). Cognitive beliefs following severe traumatic brain injury: Association with post-injury employment status. Brain Injury, 8(1), 65-70.
71. Lucas, S. E., & Fleming, J. M. (2005). Interventions for improving self-awareness following acquired brain injury. Australian Occupational Therapy Journal, 52, 160-170.
72. Malec, J. F., Machulda, M. M., & Moessner, A. M. (1997). Differing problem perceptions of staff, survivors, and significant others after brain injury. Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation, 12(3), 1-13.
73. Malec, J. F., & Moessner, A. M. (2000). Self-awareness, distress, and postacute rehabilitation outcome. Rehabilitation Psychology, 45(3), 227-241.
74. Malia, K. (1997). Insight after brain injury: What does it mean? Journal of Cognitive Rehabilitation, May/June, 10-17.
75. Man, D. W., Soong, W. Y., Tam, S. F., & Hui-Chan, C. W. (2006). Self-efficacy outcomes of people with brain injury in cognitive skill training using different types of trainer-trainee induction. Brain Injury, 20, 959-970.
76. Manchester, D., & Wood, R. Ll. (2001). Applying cognitive therapy in neurobehavioural rehabilitation. In R. Ll. Wood & T. M. McMillan (Eds.), Neurobehavioural disability and social handicap following traumatic brain injury. Hove, UK: Psychology Press Ltd.
77. Marin, R. S., & Wilkosz, P. A. (2005). Disorders of diminished motivation. Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation, 20(4), 377-388.
78. Markland, D., Ryan, R. M., Tobin, V. J., & Rollnick, S. (2005). Motivational interviewing and self-determination theory. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 24(6), 811-831.
79. Mateer, C. A., Sira, C. S., & O'Connell, M. A. (2005). Putting humpty dumpty together again: The importance of integrating cognitive and emotional interventions. Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation, 20(1), 62-75.
80. McHugh, F., Lindsay, G. M., Hanlon, P., Hutton, I., Brown, M. R., Morrison, C., & Wheatley, D. J. (2001). Nurse led shared care for patients on the waiting list for coronary artery bypass surgery: A randomised controlled trial. Heart (British Cardiac Society), 86(3), 317-323.
81. Medd, J., & Tate, R. (2000). Evaluation of an anger management therapy programme following acquired brain injury: A preliminary study. Neuropsychological Rehabilitation, 10(2), 185-201.
82. Medley, A., & Worthington, A. (2007). Keeping up with our clients: Self-regulation in brain injury. Clinical Psychology Forum, 175, 37-40.
83. Meredith, K., & Rassa, G. M. (1999). Aligning the levels of awareness with the stages of grieving. Journal of Cognitive Rehabilitation, 10-12, January/February.
84. Miller, W. R., & Rollnick, S. (1991). Motivational interviewing: Preparing people to change addictive behaviour. New York: Guilford Press.
85. Miller, W. R., & Rollnick, S. (2002). Motivational interviewing: Preparing people for change (2nd ed.). New York: Guilford Press.
86. Moore, A. D., & Stambrook, M. (1992). Coping strategies and locus of control following traumatic brain injury: Relationship to long-term outcome. Brain Injury, 6(1), 89-94.
87. Nochi, M. (1998). "Loss of self" in the narratives of people with traumatic brain injuries: A qualitative analysis. Social Science & Medicine, 46(7), 869-878.
88. Nochi, M. (2000). Reconstructing self-narratives in coping with traumatic brain injury. Social Science & Medicine, 51, 1795-1804.
89. O'Callaghan, C., Powell, T., & Oyebode, J. (2006). An exploration of the experience of gaining awareness of deficit in people who have suffered a traumatic brain injury. Neuropsychological Rehabilitation, 16(5), 579-593.
90. Ownsworth, T. (2005). The impact of defensive denial upon adjustment following traumatic brain injury. Neuro-Psychoanalysis, 7(1), 83-94.
91. Ownsworth, T., & Clare, L. (2006). The association between awareness deficits and rehabilitation outcome following acquired brain injury. Clinical Psychology Review, 26, 783-795.
92. Ownsworth, T. L., Clare, L., & Morris, R. (2006). An integrated biopsychosocial approach to understanding awareness deficits in Alzheimer's disease and brain injury. Neuropsychological Rehabilitation, 16(4), 415-438.
93. Ownsworth, T. L., & Fleming, J. (2005). The relative importance of metacognitive skills, emotional status and executive functioning in psychosocial adjustment following acquired brain injury. Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation, 20, 315-332.
94. Ownsworth, T., Fleming, J., Shum, D., Kuipers, P., & Strong, J. (2008). Comparison of individual, group and combined intervention formats in a randomized controlled trial for facilitating goal attainment and improving psychosocial function following acquired brain injury. Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine, 40, 81-88.
95. Ownsworth, T., Fleming, J., Strong, J., Radel, M., Chan, W., & Clare, L. (2007). Awareness typologies, long-term emotional adjustment and psychosocial outcomes following acquired brain injury. Neuropsychological Rehabilitation, 17(2), 129-150.
96. Ownsworth, T. L., McFarland, K., & Young, R. McD. (2002). The investigation of factors underlying deficits in self-awareness and self-regulation. Brain Injury, 16, 291-309.
97. Ownsworth, T., & McKenna, K. (2004). Investigation of factors related to employment outcome following traumatic brain injury: A critical review and conceptual model. Disability and Rehabilitation, 26(13), 765-784.
98. Ownsworth, T. L., Turpin, M., Andrew, B., & Fleming, J. (2008). Participant perspectives on an individualised self-awareness intervention following stroke: A qualitative case study. Neuropsychological Rehabilitation, 18(5/6), 692-712.
99. Prigatano, G. P. (1999). Principles of neuropsychological rehabilitation. New York: Oxford University Press.
100. Prigatano, G. P. (2005). Therapy for emotional and motivational disorders. In W. M. High, Jr., A. M. Sander, M. A. Struchen, & K. A. Hart (Eds.), Rehabilitation for traumatic brain injury. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
101. Prigatano, G. P., & Klonoff, P. S. (1998). A clinician's rating scale for evaluating impaired self awareness and denial of disability after brain injury. Clinical Neuropsychologist, 12(1), 56-67.
102. Prochaska, J. O., & DiClemente, C. C. (1982). Transtheoretical therapy: Toward a more integrative model of change. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 51, 390-395.
103. Riley, G. A., Brennan, A. J., & Powell, T. (2004). Threat appraisal and avoidance after traumatic brain injury: Why and how often are activities avoided? Brain Injury, 18(9), 871-888.
104. Roberts, C. B., Rafal, R., & Coetzer, B. R. (2006). Feedback of brain-imaging findings: Effect of impaired awareness and mood in acquired brain injury. Brain Injury, 20(5), 485-497.
105. Rogers, C. (1957). The necessary and sufficient conditions of therapeutic personality change. Journal of Consulting Psychology, 2, 95-103.
106. Rollnick, S. (1996). Behaviour change in practice: Targeting individuals. Journal of Obesity and Related Metabolic Disorders, 20, 22-26.
107. Rollnick, S. (2005). Helping patients to change behaviour. The Foundation Years, 1(2), 15-17.
108. Rollnick, S., & Miller, W. R. (1995). What is motivational interviewing? Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy, 23(4), 325-334.
109. Rollnick, S., Miller, W. R., & Butler, C. C. (2008). Motivational interviewing in health care: Helping patients change behaviour. New York: Guilford Press.
110. Royall, D. R., Lauterbach, E. C., Cummings, J. L., Reeve, A., Rummans, T. A., Kaufer, D. I., LaFrance, W. Jr., & Edward Coffey, C. (2002). Executive control function: A review of its promise and challenges for clinical research. Journal of Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience, 14(4), 377-404.
111. Rüsch, N., & Corrigan, P. W. (2002). Motivational interviewing to improve insight and treatment adherence in schizophrenia. Psychiatric Rehabilitation Journal, 26(1), 23-32.
112. Rutterford, N. A., & Wood, R. Ll. (2006). Evaluating a theory of stress and adjustment when predicting long-term psychosocial outcome after brain injury. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, 12, 359-367.
113. Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2000). Self-determination theory and the facilitation of intrinsic motivation, social development, and well-being. American Psychologist, 55(1), 68-78.
114. Sacks, O. (1984). A leg to stand on. London: Duckworth.
115. Scherer, M., Oden, K., Bergloff, P., Levin, E., & High, W. M., Jr. (1998). Assessment and treatment of impaired awareness after brain injury: Implications for community re-integration. Neuro-rehabilitation, 10, 25-37.
116. Schmaling, K. B., Blume, A. W., & Afari, N. (2001). A randomized controlled pilot study of motivational interviewing to change attitudes about adherence to medications for asthma. Journal of Clinical Psychology in Medical Settings, 8(3), 167-172.
117. Schönberger, M., Humle, F., & Teasdale, T. W. (2006a). The development of the therapeutic working alliance, patients' awareness and their compliance during the process of brain injury rehabilitation. Brain Injury, 20(4), 445-454. (Pubitemid 43832370)
118. Schönberger, M., Humle, F., & Teasdale, T. W. (2006b). Subjective outcome of brain injury rehabilitation in relation to the therapeutic working alliance, client compliance and awareness. Brain Injury, 20(12), 1271-1282. (Pubitemid 44842945)
119. Siegert, R. J., & Taylor, W. J. (2004). Theoretical aspects of goal-setting and motivation in rehabilitation. Disability and Rehabilitation, 26(1), 1-8.
120. Slagle, D. M., & Gray, M. J. (2007). The utility of motivational interviewing as an adjunct to exposure therapy in the treatment of anxiety disorders. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 38(4), 329-337.
121. Stiles, W. B. (2007). Theory-building case studies of counselling and psychotherapy. Counselling and Psychotherapy Research, 7(2), 122-127.
122. Svendsen, H. A., & Teasdale, T. W. (2006). The influence of neuropsychological rehabilitation on symptomatology and quality of life following brain injury: A controlled long-term follow-up. Brain Injury, 20(12), 1295-1306.
123. Swanson, A. J., Pantalon, M. V., & Cohen, K. R. (1999). Motivational interviewing and treatment adherence among psychiatric and dually diagnosed patients. Journal of Nervous & Mental Disease, 187, 630-635.
124. Swartz, H. A., Zuckoff, A., Grote, N. K., Spielvogle, H. N., Bledsoe, S. E., Shear, M. K., & Frank, E. (2007). Engaging depressed patients in psychotherapy: Integrating techniques from motivational interviewing and ethnographic interviewing to improve treatment participation. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 38(4), 430-439.
125. Toglia, J., & Kirk, U. (2000). Understanding awareness deficits following brain injury. Neuro-rehabilitation, 15, 57-70.
126. Trahan, E., Pépin, M., & Hopps, S. (2006). Impaired awareness of deficits and treatment adherence among people with traumatic brain injury or spinal cord injury. Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation, 21(3), 226-235.
127. Turner, B. J., Fleming, J. M., Ownsworth, T. L., & Cornwell, P. L. (2008). The transition from hospital to home for individuals with acquired brain injury: A literature review and research recommendations. Disability and Rehabilitation, 30(16), 1153-1176.
128. Van den Broek, M. D. (2005). Why does neuro-rehabilitation fail? Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation, 20(5), 464-473.
129. Waldrop, D., Lightsey, W. R., Ethington, C. A., Woemmel, C. A., & Coke, A. L. (2001). Self efficacy, optimism, health competence, and recovery from orthopedic surgery. Journal of Counselling Psychology, 48, 233-238.
130. Watkins, C. L., Auton, M. F., Deans, C. F., Dickinson, H. A., Jack, C. I. A., Lightbody, E., Sutton, C., van den Broek, M. D., & Leathley, M. J. (2007). Motivational interviewing early after acute stroke. Stroke, 38, 1004-1009.
131. Westra, H. A. (2004). Managing resistance in cognitive behavioural therapy: The application of motivational interviewing in mixed anxiety and depression. Cognitive Behaviour Therapy, 33(4), 161-175.
132. Westra, H. A., & Dozois, D. J. A. (2006). Preparing clients for cognitive behavioural therapy: A randomized pilot study of motivational interviewing for anxiety. Cognitive Therapy Research, 30, 481-498.
133. WHO (2001). International classification of functioning, disability and health. Geneva: World Health Organisation.
134. Williams, G. C., McGregor, H. A., Zeldman, A., Freedman, Z. R., & Deci, E. L. (2004). Testing a self-determination theory process model for promoting glycemic control through diabetes self-management. Health Psychology, 23, 58-66.
135. Wilson, B. (2002). Towards a comprehensive model of cognitive rehabilitation. Neuropsychological Rehabilitation, 12(2), 97-110.
136. Yeates, G., Henwood, K., Gracey, F., & Evans, J. (2007). Awareness of disability after acquired brain injury and the family context. Neuropsychological Rehabilitation, 17(2), 151-173.
137. Zeldman, A., Ryan, R. M., & Fiscella, K. (2004). Client motivation, autonomy support and entity beliefs: Their role in methadone maintenance treatment. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 23, 675-696.