Investigation of factors related to employment outcome following traumatic brain injury a critical review and conceptual model

Disability and Rehabilitation

Volumn 26, Issue 13, 2004, Pages 765-783

  Ownsworth, Tamara ^a   McKenna, Kryss ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF QUEENSLAND   (Australia)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ADULT; BRAIN FUNCTION; BRAIN INJURY; COGNITION; EMOTIONAL STABILITY; EMPLOYMENT; ENVIRONMENTAL FACTOR; EXPERIMENTAL MODEL; FEMALE; HEALTH INSURANCE; HOSPITAL DISCHARGE; HUMAN; LAW SUIT; LENGTH OF STAY; MALE; MEDICAL LITERATURE; MEDLINE; MENTAL CAPACITY; METHODOLOGY; NEUROPSYCHOLOGY; OUTCOMES RESEARCH; PHYSICAL CAPACITY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECT; PSYCINFO; QUALITY CONTROL; RATING SCALE; REVIEW; SELF CONCEPT; SELF REPORT; SKILL; SOCIAL ASPECT; VOCATIONAL REHABILITATION; WORK ENVIRONMENT; WORK RESUMPTION;

EID: 4043082116     PISSN: 09638288     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/09638280410001696700     Document Type: Review

References (113)

1. Bogan AM, Livingston MG, Parry-Jones WLI, Buston KM, Wood S. The experiential impact of head injury on adolescents: Individual perspectives on long-term outcome. Brain Injury 1997: 11: 431-443.
2. Prigatano GP. Work, love and play after brain injury. Bulletin of the Menninger Clinic 1989; 53:414-431.
3. Sherer M, Novack TA, Sander AM, Struchen MA, Alderson A, Thompson RN. Neuropsychological assessment and employment outcome after traumatic brain injury: A review. The Clinical Neuropsychologist 2002; 16: 157-178.
4. Simpson A, Schmitter-Edgecombe M. Prediction of employment status following traumatic brain injury using a behavioural measure of frontal lobe functioning. Brain Injury 2002; 16: 1075-1091.
5. Cattelani R, Tanzi F, Lombardi F, Mazzucchi A. Competitive reemployment after severe traumatic brain injury: clinical, cognitive and behavioural predictive variables. Brain Injury 2002; 16: 51-64.
6. Benjamin T. Hurdles for the psychologically-impaired: update on the AMA guidelines and alternative assessments. Plaintiff 2000; 42: 16-20.
7. Ben-Yishay Y, Silver SM, Piasetsky E, Rattock J. Relationship between employability and vocational outcome after intensive holistic cognitive rehabilitation. Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation 1987; 2: 35-48.
8. Crépeau F, Scherzer P. Predictors and indicators of work status after traumatic brain injury: A meta-analysis. Neuropsychological Rehabilitation 1993; 3: 5-35.
9. Ownsworth TL, McFarland K, Young RMcD. Development and standardisation of the Self-regulation Skills Interview (SRSI): A new clinical assessment tool for acquired brain injury. The Clinical Neuropsychologist 2000; 14: 76-92.
10. Ylvisaker M. Perspectives on rehabilitation of individuals with cognitive impairment after brain injury: Rationale for reconsideration of theoretical paradigms. Journal of Head Trauma Rehabililation 2002; 17: 191-205.
11. Pepping M, Roueche J. Psychosocial consequences of significant brain injury. In: D Tupper, K Cicerone (eds) The neuropsychology of everyday life: Issues in development and rehabilitation. Norwell, MA: Kluwer Academic, 1991; 215-255.
12. Karszmark P, Hall K, Englander JS. Late-onset post-concussion symptoms after mild brain injury: The role of premorbid, injury-related, environmental, and personality factors. Brain Injury 1995; 9: 21-26.
13. Pengel LHM, Herbert RD, Maher CG, Refshauge KM. Acute low back pain: systematic review of its prognosis. British Medical Journal 2003; 327: 323-327.
14. Asikainen I, Kaste M, Sarna S. Patients with traumatic brain injury referred to a rehabilitation and re-employment programme: social and professional outcome for 508 Finnish patients 5 or more years after injury. Brain Injury 1996; 10: 883-899.
15. Boake C, Millis SR, High WM, Delmonico RL, Kreutzer JS, Rosenthal M, Sherer M, Ivanhoe CB. Using early neuropsychological testing to predict long-term productivity outcome from traumatic brain injury. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 2001; 82: 761-768.
16. Bowman ML. Ecological validity of neuropsychological and other predictors following head injury. The Clinical Neuropsychologist 1996; 10: 382-396.
17. Cifu DX, Keyser-Marcus L, Lopez E, Wehman P, Kreutzer JS, Englander JS, High WM. Acute predictors of successful return to work 1 year after traumatic brain injury: A multicenter analysis. Archives of Physical and Medical Rehabilitation 1997; 78: 125-130.
18. Drake AL, Gray N, Yoder S, Pramuka M, Llewellyn M. Factors predicting return to work following mild traumatic brain injury: A discriminant analysis. The Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation 2000; 15: 1103-1112.
19. Boake C, High WM. Functional outcome from traumatic brain injury: Unidimensional or multidimensional? American Journal of Physical ad Medical Rehabilitation 1996; 75: 105-113.
20. Ezrachi O, Ben-Yishay Y, Kay T, Diller L, Rattock J. Predicting employment in traumatic brain injury following neuropsychological rehabilitation. Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation 1991; 6: 71-84.
21. Fabiano R, Crewe N, Goran DA. Differences between elapsed time to employment and employer selection in vocational outcome following severe traumatic brain injury. Journal of Applied Rehabilitation Counseling 1995; 26: 17-20.
22. Fabiano R, Crewe N. Variables associated with employment following severe traumatic brain injury. Rehabilitation Psychology 1995; 40: 223-231.
23. Fraser RT, Dikmen SS, McLean A, Miller B, Temkin NR. Employability of head injury survivors: First year post-injury. Rehabilitation Counseling Bulletin 1988; 31: 276-288.
24. Gollaher K, High W, Sherer M, Bergloff P, Boake C, Young M, Ivanhoe C. Prediction of employment outcome one to three years following traumatic brain injury (TBI). Brain Injury 1998; 12: 255-263.
25. Goran D, Fabiano R, Crewe N. Employment following severe traumatic brain injury: The utility of the Individual Ability Profile System (IAP). Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology 1997; 12: 691-698.
26. Hoofien D, Vakil E, Gilboa A, Donovick P, Barak O. Comparison of the predictive power of socio-economic variables, severity of injury and age on long-term outcome of traumatic brain injury: Sample-specific variables versus factors as predictors. Brain Injury 2002; 16: 9-27.
27. Ip RY, Dornan J, Schentag C. Traumatic brain injury: Factors predicting return to work or school. Brain Injury 1996; 9: 517-532.
28. Johansson U, Bernspang B. Predicting return to work after brain injury using occupational therapy assessments. Disability and Rehahilitation 2001; 23: 474-480.
29. Johnstone B, Vessell R, Bounds T, Hoskins S, Sherman A. Predictors of success for state vocational rehabilitation clients with traumatic brain injury. Archives of Physical and Medical Rehabilitation 2003; 84: 161-167.
30. McCullagh S, Ouchterlony D, Protzner A, Blair N, Feinstein A. Prediction of neuropsychiatric outcome following mild traumatic brain injury: An examination of the Glasgow Coma Scale. Brain Injury 2001; 15: 489-497.
31. Nybo T, Koskiniemi M. Cognitive indicators of vocational outcome after severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) in childhood. Brain Injury 1999; 13: 759-766.
32. O'Connell JM. Prediction of return to work following traumatic brain injury: Intellectual, memory, and demographic variables. Rehabilitation Psychology 2000; 45: 212-217.
33. Paniak C, Toller-Lobe G, Melnyk A, Nagy J. Prediction of vocational status three to four months after treated mild traumatic brain injury. Journal of Musculoskeletal Pain 2000; 8: 193-200.
34. Rao N, Rosenthal M, Cronin-Stubbs D, Lambert R, Barnes P, Swanson B. Return to work after rehabilitation following traumatic brain injury. Brain Injury 1990; 4: 49-56.
35. Ruffolo CF, Friedland JF, Dawson DR, Colantonio A, Lindsay P. Mild traumatic brain injury from motor vehicle accidents: Factors associated with return to work. Archives of Physical and Medical Rehabilitation 1999; 80: 392-398.
36. Sander AM, Kreutzer JS, Rosenthal M, Delmonico R, Young M. A multicenter longitudinal investigation of return to work and community integration following traumatic brain injury. Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation 1996; 11: 70-84.
37. Sherer M, Bergloff P, High WM, Nick TG. Contribution of functional ratings to prediction of longterm employment outcome after traumatic brain injury. Brain Injury 1999; 13: 973-981.
38. Sherer M, Bergloff P, Levin E, High WM, Oden KE, Nick TG. Impaired awareness and employment outcome after traumatic brain injury. Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation 1998; 13: 52-61.
39. Stambrook M, Moore A, Peters L, Deviaenes C, Hawryluk G. Effects of mild, moderate and severe closed head injury on long-term vocational status. Brain Injury 1990; 4: 183-190.
40. Uzzell BP, Langfitt TW, Dolinskas CA. Influence of injury severity on quality of survival after head injury. Surgical Neurology 1987; 27: 419-429.
41. Vilkki J, Ahola K, Holst P, Ohman J, Servo A, Heiskanen O. Prediction of psychosocial recovery after head injury with cognitive tests and neurobehavioural ratings. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology 1994; 16: 325-338.
42. Vogenthaler DR, Smith KR, Goldfader P. Head injury, a multivariate study: Predicting long-term productivity and independent living outcome. Brain Injury 1989; 3: 369-385.
43. Wenden F, Crawford S, Wade D, King N, King N, Moss E. Assault, post-traumatic amnesia and other variables related to outcome following head injury. Clinical Rehabilitation 1998; 12: 53-63.
44. West MD. Aspects of the workplace and return to work for persons with brain injury in supported employment. Brain Injury 1995; 9: 301-313.
45. Dikmen SS, Temkin NR, Machamer JE, Holubkov AL, Fraser RT, Winn R. Employment following traumatic head injuries. Archives of Neurology 1994: 51: 177-186.
46. Felmingham K, Baguley I, Crooks J. A comparison of acute and postdischarge predictors of employment 2 years after traumatic brain injury. Archives of Physical and Medical Rehabilitation 2001; 82: 435-439.
47. Fleming JM, Tooth L, Hassell M, Chan W. Prediction of community integration and vocational outcome 2-5 years after traumatic brain injury rehabilitation in Australia. Brain Injury 1999; 6: 417-431.
48. Friedland JF, Dawson DR. Function after motor vehicle accidents: A prospective study of mild head injury and posttraumatic stress. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease 2001; 189: 426-434.
49. Groswasser Z, Reider-Groswasser I, Schwab K, Ommaya A, Pridgen A, Brown H, Cole R, Salazar A. Quantitative imaging in late TBI. Part II: Cognition and work after closed and penetrating head injury: A report of the Vietnam head injury study. Brain Injury 2002; 16: 681-690.
50. Gurka JA, Felmingham KL, Baguley IJ, Schotte DE, Crooks J, Marosszeky JE. Utility of the Functional Assessment Measure after discharge from inpatient rehabilitation. Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation 1999; 14: 247-256.
51. Hanlon R, Demery J, Martinovich Z, Kelly J. Effects of acute injury characteristics on neuropsychological status and vocational outcome following mild traumatic brain injury. Brain Injury 1999; 13: 873-887.
52. Keyser-Marcus L, Bricout J, Wehman P, Campbell L, Cifu D, Englander JS, High W, Zafonte R. Acute predictors of return to employment after traumatic brain injury: A longitudinal follow-up. Archives of Physical and Medical Rehabilitation 2002; 83: 635-641.
53. Malec JF, Buffington A, Moessner AM, Degiorgio L. A medical/vocational case coordination system for persons with brain injury: An evaluation of employment outcomes. Archives of Physical and Medical Rehabilitation 2000; 81: 1007-1015.
54. Rao N, Kilgore KM. Predicting return to work in traumatic brain injury using assessment scales. Archives of Physical and Medical Rehabilitation 1992; 73: 911-916.
55. Reynolds S, Paniak C, Toller-Lobe G, Nagy J. A longitudinal study of compensation-seeking and return to work in a treated mild traumatic brain injury sample. Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation 2003; 18: 139-147.
56. Ruff R, Marshall L, Crouch M, Klauber M, Levin S, Barth J, Kreutzer J, Blunt B, Foulkes M, Eisenberg H, Jane J, Marmarou A. Predictors of outcome following severe head trauma: Follow-up data from the Traumatic Coma Data Bank. Brain Injury 1993; 7: 101-111.
57. Sherer M, Sander AM, Nick TG, High WM, Malec JM, Rosenthal M. Early cognitive status and productivity outcome after traumatic brain injury: Findings from the TBI Model Systems. Archives of Physical and Medical Rehabilitation 2002; 83: 183-192.
58. Wagner A, Hammond F, Sasser H, Wiercisiewski D. Return to productive activity after traumatic brain injury: Relationship with measures of disability, handicap, and community integration. Archives of Physical and Medical Rehabilitation 2002; 83: 107-114.
59. Sherer M, Nick TG, Sander AM, Hart T, Hanks R, Rosenthal M, High WM, Yablon SA. Race and productivity outcome after traumatic brain injury: Influence of confounding factors. Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation 2003; 18: 408-424.
60. Greenspan AI, Wrigley JM, Kresnow M, Branche-Dorsey C, Fine P. Factors influencing failure to return to work due to traumatic brain injury. Brain Injury 1996; 10: 207-218.
61. Kreutzer JS, Marwitz J, Walker W, Sander AM, Sherer M, Bogner J, Fraser RT, Bushnik T. Moderating factors in return to work and job stability after traumatic brain injury. Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation 2003; 18: 128-138.
62. Ponsford JL, Olver JH, Curran C, Ng K. Prediction of employment status 2 years after traumatic brain injury. Brain Injury 1995; 9: 11-20.
63. Malec J. Impact of comprehensive day treatment on societal participation for persons with acquired brain injury. Archives of Physical and Medical Rehabilitation 2001; 82: 885-895.
64. Brooks N, McKinlay W, Symington C, Beattie A, Campsie L. Return to work within the first seven years of severe head injury. Brain Injury 1987; 1: 5-19.
65. Tate RL. Impact of pre-injury factors on outcome after severe traumatic brain injury: Does post-traumatic personality change represent an exacerbation of premorbid traits? Neuropsychological Rehabilitation 2003; 13: 43-64.
66. Wehman P, Targett P, Yasuda S, Brown T. Return to work for individuals with TBI and a history of substance abuse. Neurorehabilitation 2001; 15: 71-77.
67. Chesnut RM, Carney N, Maynard H, Mann NC, Patterson O, Helfand M. Summary report: Evidence for the effectiveness of rehabilitation for persons with traumatic brain injury. Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation 1999; 14: 176-188.
68. Kolb B, Whishaw IQ. Fundamentals of Human Neuropsychology. New York: W. H. Freeman. 1990.
69. Spreen O, Strauss E. A compendium of neuropsychological tests 2nd edn. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press, 1998.
70. Burgess P, Alderman N, Evans J, Emslie H, Wilson B. The ecological validity of tests of executive function. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society 1998; 4: 547-558.
71. Wilson BA, Alderman N, Burgess PW, Emslie H, Evans JJ. Behavioural Assessment of the Dysexecutive Syndrome (BADS). Bury St. Edmunds, UK: Thames Valley Test Company, 1996.
72. Robertson IH, Ward T, Ridgeway V, Nimmo-Smith I. The Test of Everyday Attention. Bury St. Edmunds, UK: Thames Valley Test Company, 1994.
73. Boyd T, Sautter S. Route-finding: A measure of everyday executive functioning in the head-injured adult. Applied Cognitive Psychology 1993; 7: 171-181.
74. LeBlanc J, Hayden M, Paulman R. A comparison of neuropsychological and situational assessment for predicting employability after closed head injury. The Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation 2000; 15: 1022-1040.
75. World Health Organization. International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health: (ICF). World Health Organization: Geneva, Switzerland, 2001.
76. Johnson R. Return to work after severe head injury, International Disability Studies 1987; 9: 49-54.
77. Sale P, West M, Sherron P, Wehman P. Exploratory analysis of job separations from supported employment for persons with traumatic brain injury. Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation 1991; 6: 1-11.
78. Ownsworth TL, Oei T. Depression after traumatic brain injury: conceptualisation and treatment considerations. Brain Injury 1998; 12: 735-751.
79. Smigielski JS, Malec JM, Thompson JM, DePompolo RW. Mayo Medical Center Brain Injury Outpatient Program: treatment procedures and early outcome data. Mayo Clinic Proceedings 1992; 67: 767-774.
80. Berglind H, Gemer U. Motivation and return to work among the long-term sicklisted: An action theory perspective. Disability and Rehabilitation 2002; 14: 719-726.
81. Lam C, McMahon B, Priddy D, Gehred-Schultz M. Deficit awareness and treatment performance among traumatic head injury adults. Brain Injury 1988; 2: 235-242.
82. Cicerone KD, Fraser RT. Counseling interactions for clients with traumatic brain injury. In: RT Fraser, D Clemmons (eds) Traumatic brain injury rehabilitation. Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press, 2000; 95-127.
83. Godfrey HPD, Partridge FM, Knight RG. Course of insight disorder and emotional dysfunction following closed head injury: A controlled cross-sectional follow-up study. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology 1993; 15: 503-515.
84. Williams WH, Evans JJ, Wilson BA, Needham P. Prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms after severe traumatic brain injury in a representative community sample. Brain Injury 2002; 16: 673-679.
85. Fleminger S, Oliver DL, Williams WH, Evans JJ. The neuropsychiatry of depression after brain injury. Neuropsychological Rehabilitation 2003; 13: 65-87.
86. Luria AR. Restoration of function after brain injury. Oxford: Pergamon, 1963.
87. Cicerone KD, Tupper DE. Cognitive assessment in the neuropsychological rehabilitation of head-injured adults, In: B Uzzell, Y Gross (eds) Clinical Neuropsychology of intervention. Boston: Martinus Nijhoff Publishing, 1986; 59-83.
88. Fordyce DJ, Roueche JR. Changes in perspectives of disability among patients, staff, and relatives during rehabilitation for brain injury. Rehabilitation Psychology 1986; 31: 217-229.
89. Prigatano GP, Fordyce DJ, Zeiner H, Roueche J, Pepping M, Wood B. Neuropsychological rehabililation after brain injury. Baltimore, MD: The John Hopkins University Press, 1986.
90. Sherer M, Boake C, Levin E, Silver BV, Ringholz G, High WM. Characteristics of impaired awareness after traumatic brain injury. Journal of International Neuropsychological Society 1998; 4: 380-387.
91. Sherer M, Hart T, Nick TG, Whyte J, Thompson R, Yablon S. Early impaired self-awareness after traumatic brain injury. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabililation 2003; 84: 168-176.
92. Fleming JM, Strong J, Ashton R. Self-awareness of deficits in adults with traumatic brain injury: How best to measure? Brain Injury 1996; 10: 1-15.
93. Barco PP, Crosson B, Bolesta MM, Werts D, Stout R. Training awareness and compensation in postacute head injury rehabilitation. In: J Kreutzer, P Wehman (eds) Cognitive rehabilitation for persons with traumatic brain injury. Baltimore: Paul H. Brookes, 1991; 129-146.
94. Simmond M, Fleming JM. Occupational therapy assessment of self-awareness following traumatic brain injury. British Journal of Occupational Therapy 2003; 66: 447-453.
95. Lubusko AA, Moore AD, Stambrook M, Gill DD. Cognitive beliefs following severe traumatic brain injury: Association with post-injury employment status. Brain Injury 1994; 8: 65-70.
96. Ownsworth TL, McFarland K, Young RMcD. Self-awareness and psychosocial functioning following acquired brain injury: An evaluation of group support programme. Neuropsychological Rehabilitation 2000; 10: 465-484.
97. Katz N, Fleming JM, Hartman-Maeir A, Keren N, Lightbody S. Unawareness and/or denial of disability: Implications for occupational therapy intervention. Canadian Journal of Occupational Therapy 2002; 5: 281-292.
98. Possl J, Jurgensmeyer S, Karlbauer F, Wenz C, Goldenberg G. Stability of employment after brain injury: A 7-year follow-up study. Brain Injury 2001; 15: 15-27.
99. Kibby M, Schmitter-Edgecombe M, Long C. Ecological validity of neuropsychological tests: Focus on the California Verbal learning Test and the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology 1998; 13: 523-534.
100. Rosenthal M, Dijkers M, Harrison-Felix C, Nabors N, Witol AD, Young ME, Englander JS. Impact of minority status on functional outcome and community integration following traumatic brain injury. Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation 1996; 11: 40-57.
101. Carney N, Chesnut R, Maynard H, Mann N, Patterson P, Helfand M. Effect of cognitive rehabilitation on outcomes for persons with traumatic brain injury: A systematic review. Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation 1999; 14: 277-307.
102. Wilson B, Watson P. A practical framework for understanding compensatory behaviour in people with organic memory impairment. Memory 1996; 4: 456-486.
103. Ownsworth TL, McFarland K. Memory remediation in long-term acquired brain injury: two approaches in diary training. Brain Injury 1999; 13: 605-626.
104. Berglind H, Gemer U. Motivation and return to work among the long-term sicklisted: An action theory perspective. Disability and Rehabilitation 2002; 24: 719-726.
105. Prigatano GP. Motivation and awareness in cognitive neurorehabilitation, In: D Stuss, G Winocur, IH Robertson (eds) Cognitive Neurorehabilitation. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1999; 240-251.
106. Khan-Bourne N, Brown R. Cognitive behaviour therapy for the treatment of depression in individuals with brain injury. Neuropsychological Rehabilitation 2003; 13: 89-107.
107. Bombardier C, Rimmele C. Motivational interviewing to prevent alcohol abuse after traumatic brain injury: A case series. Rehabilitation Psychology 1999; 44: 52-67.
108. Wehman P, Goodall P. Return to work: Critical issues in employment. In: P Wehman, J Kreutzer (eds) Vocational rehabilitation for persons with traumatic brain injury. Rockville, Maryland: Aspen, 2000; 1-17.
109. Stapleton M, Bennet P. Turning myth into reality: Job coaching. In: P Wehman, J Kreutzer (eds) Vocational rehahilitation for persons with traumatic brain injury. Rockville, Maryland: Aspen, 2000; 269-292.
110. West M, Hughes, T. Supported employment phase III: Job retention techniques. In: P Wehman, J Kreutzer (eds) Vocational rehabilitation for persons with traumatic brain injury. Rockville, Maryland: Aspen, 2000; 201-221.
111. Sherron P, Groah C. Supported employment phase I: Job placement. In: P Wehman, J Kreutzer (eds) Vocational rehabilitation for persons with traumatic brain injury. Rockville, Maryland: Aspen, 2000; 119-172.
112. Veldheer L. Literature and public policy review, In: P Wehman, J Kreutzer (eds) Vocational rehabilitation for persons with traumatic brain injury. Rockville, Maryland: Aspen, 2000; 19-34.
113. Westmorland MG, Williams R. Employer and policy makers can make a difference to the employment of persons with disabilities. Disability, and Rehabilitation 2002; 24: 802-809.