메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 8, Issue 7, 2010, Pages 791-800

Prevention of ventilator-associated pneumonia

Author keywords

Healthcare acquired infections; Infection prevention; Infection surveillance; Quality improvement; Ventilator associated pneumonia

Indexed keywords

ANTIINFECTIVE AGENT; CHLORHEXIDINE; ISEGANAN; POVIDONE IODINE;

EID: 77954238258     PISSN: 14787210     EISSN: 17448336     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1586/eri.10.59     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (38)

References (95)
  • 1
    • 0026317030 scopus 로고
    • Incidence, etiology, and outcome of nosocomial pneumonia in mechanically ventilated patients
    • Rello J, Quintana E, Ausina V et al. Incidence, etiology, and outcome of nosocomial pneumonia in mechanically ventilated patients. Chest 100(2), 439-444 (1991).
    • (1991) Chest , vol.100 , Issue.2 , pp. 439-444
    • Rello, J.1    Quintana, E.2    Ausina, V.3
  • 2
    • 33645967509 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Incidence, risk factors, and outcome of ventilator-associated pneumonia
    • Tejerina E, Frutos-Vivar F, Restrepo MI et al. Incidence, risk factors, and outcome of ventilator-associated pneumonia. J. Crit. Care 21(1), 56-65 (2006).
    • (2006) J. Crit. Care , vol.21 , Issue.1 , pp. 56-65
    • Tejerina, E.1    Frutos-Vivar, F.2    Restrepo, M.I.3
  • 3
    • 0030009232 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nosocomial pneumonia and mortality among patients in intensive care units
    • Fagon JY, Chastre J, Vuagnat A, Trouillet JL, Novara A, Gibert C. Nosocomial pneumonia and mortality among patients in intensive care units. JAMA 275(11), 866-869 (1996).
    • (1996) JAMA , vol.275 , Issue.11 , pp. 866-869
    • Fagon, J.Y.1    Chastre, J.2    Vuagnat, A.3    Trouillet, J.L.4    Novara, A.5    Gibert, C.6
  • 4
    • 77951205487 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Attributable mortality of ventilator-associated pneumonia: Respective impact of main characteristics at icu admission and vap onset using conditional logistic regression and multi-state models
    • Nguile-Makao M, Zahar JR, Francais A et al. Attributable mortality of ventilator-associated pneumonia: respective impact of main characteristics at icu admission and vap onset using conditional logistic regression and multi-state models. Intensive Care Med. 36(5), 781-789 (2010).
    • (2010) Intensive Care Med. , vol.36 , Issue.5 , pp. 781-789
    • Nguile-Makao, M.1    Zahar, J.R.2    Francais, A.3
  • 5
    • 0032939662 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The attributable morbidity and mortality of ventilator-associated pneumonia in the critically ill patient
    • The Canadian Critical Trials group
    • Heyland DK, Cook DJ, Griffith L, Keenan SP, Brun-Buisson C. The attributable morbidity and mortality of ventilator-associated pneumonia in the critically ill patient. The Canadian Critical Trials group. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 159(4 Pt 1), 1249-1256 (1999).
    • (1999) Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. , vol.159 , Issue.4 PART 1 , pp. 1249-1256
    • Heyland, D.K.1    Cook, D.J.2    Griffith, L.3    Keenan, S.P.4    Brun-Buisson, C.5
  • 6
    • 40849100127 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The impact of ventilator-associated pneumonia on the canadian health care system
    • Muscedere JG, Martin CM, Heyland DK. The impact of ventilator-associated pneumonia on the canadian health care system. J. Crit. Care 23(1), 5-10 (2008).
    • (2008) J. Crit. Care , vol.23 , Issue.1 , pp. 5-10
    • Muscedere, J.G.1    Martin, C.M.2    Heyland, D.K.3
  • 7
    • 70349656290 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ventilator-associated pneumonia and mortality: A systematic review of observational studies
    • Melsen WG, Rovers MM, Bonten MJ. Ventilator-associated pneumonia and mortality: a systematic review of observational studies. Crit. Care Med. 37(10), 2709-2718 (2009).
    • (2009) Crit. Care Med. , vol.37 , Issue.10 , pp. 2709-2718
    • Melsen, W.G.1    Rovers, M.M.2    Bonten, M.J.3
  • 8
    • 26444480583 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical and economic consequences of ventilator-associated pneumonia: A systematic review
    • Safdar N, Dezfulian C, Collard HR, Saint S. Clinical and economic consequences of ventilator-associated pneumonia: a systematic review. Crit. Care Med. 33(10), 2184-2193 (2005).
    • (2005) Crit. Care Med. , vol.33 , Issue.10 , pp. 2184-2193
    • Safdar, N.1    Dezfulian, C.2    Collard, H.R.3    Saint, S.4
  • 9
    • 33744796216 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Use of multistate models to assess prolongation of intensive care unit stay due to nosocomial infection
    • Beyersmann J, Gastmeier P, Grundmann H et al. Use of multistate models to assess prolongation of intensive care unit stay due to nosocomial infection. Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. 27(5), 493-499 (2006).
    • (2006) Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. , vol.27 , Issue.5 , pp. 493-499
    • Beyersmann, J.1    Gastmeier, P.2    Grundmann, H.3
  • 10
    • 11244281585 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antibiotic prescription practice in an intensive care unit using twice-weekly collection of screening specimens: A prospective audit in a large UK teaching hospital
    • Warren MM, Gibb AP, Walsh TS. Antibiotic prescription practice in an intensive care unit using twice-weekly collection of screening specimens: a prospective audit in a large UK teaching hospital. J. Hosp. Infect. 59(2), 90-95 (2005).
    • (2005) J. Hosp. Infect. , vol.59 , Issue.2 , pp. 90-95
    • Warren, M.M.1    Gibb, A.P.2    Walsh, T.S.3
  • 11
    • 0030946529 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Indications for antibiotic use in icu patients: A one-year prospective surveillance
    • Bergmans DC, Bonten MJ, Gaillard CA et al. Indications for antibiotic use in icu patients: a one-year prospective surveillance. J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 39(4), 527-535 (1997).
    • (1997) J. Antimicrob. Chemother. , vol.39 , Issue.4 , pp. 527-535
    • Bergmans, D.C.1    Bonten, M.J.2    Gaillard, C.A.3
  • 13
    • 66149152644 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Acid-suppressive medication use and the risk for hospital-acquired pneumonia
    • Herzig SJ, Howell MD, Ngo LH, Marcantonio ER. Acid-suppressive medication use and the risk for hospital-acquired pneumonia. JAMA 301(20), 2120-2128 (2009).
    • (2009) JAMA , vol.301 , Issue.20 , pp. 2120-2128
    • Herzig, S.J.1    Howell, M.D.2    Ngo, L.H.3    Marcantonio, E.R.4
  • 14
    • 40449114824 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clostridium difficile-associated disease in a setting of endemicity: Identification of novel risk factors
    • Dubberke ER, Reske KA, Yan Y, Olsen MA, Mcdonald LC, Fraser VJ. Clostridium difficile-associated disease in a setting of endemicity: identification of novel risk factors. Clin. Infect. Dis. 45(12), 1543-1549 (2007).
    • (2007) Clin. Infect. Dis. , vol.45 , Issue.12 , pp. 1543-1549
    • Dubberke, E.R.1    Reske, K.A.2    Yan, Y.3    Olsen, M.A.4    McDonald, L.C.5    Fraser, V.J.6
  • 16
    • 34548500559 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effectiveness of an educational program to reduce ventilator-associated pneumonia in a tertiary care center in Thailand: A 4-year study
    • Apisarnthanarak A, Pinitchai U, Thongphubeth K et al. Effectiveness of an educational program to reduce ventilator-associated pneumonia in a tertiary care center in Thailand: a 4-year study. Clin. Infect. Dis. 45(6), 704-711 (2007).
    • (2007) Clin. Infect. Dis. , vol.45 , Issue.6 , pp. 704-711
    • Apisarnthanarak, A.1    Pinitchai, U.2    Thongphubeth, K.3
  • 17
    • 59649107572 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Implementing quality improvements in the intensive care unit: Ventilator bundle as an example
    • Zilberberg MD, Shorr AF, Kollef MH. Implementing quality improvements in the intensive care unit: ventilator bundle as an example. Crit. Care Med. 37(1), 305-309 (2009).
    • (2009) Crit. Care Med. , vol.37 , Issue.1 , pp. 305-309
    • Zilberberg, M.D.1    Shorr, A.F.2    Kollef, M.H.3
  • 18
    • 63649142180 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficacy of an expanded ventilator bundle for the reduction of ventilator-associated pneumonia in the medical intensive care unit
    • Blamoun J, Alfakir M, Rella ME et al. Efficacy of an expanded ventilator bundle for the reduction of ventilator-associated pneumonia in the medical intensive care unit. Am. J. Infect. Control 37(2), 172-175 (2009).
    • (2009) Am. J. Infect. Control , vol.37 , Issue.2 , pp. 172-175
    • Blamoun, J.1    Alfakir, M.2    Rella, M.E.3
  • 19
    • 33746257403 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Decreasing ventilator associated pneumonia in a trauma ICU
    • discussion 129-130
    • Cocanour CS, Peninger M, Domonoske BD et al. Decreasing ventilator associated pneumonia in a trauma ICU. J. Trauma 61(1), 122-129; discussion 129-130 (2006).
    • (2006) J. Trauma , vol.61 , Issue.1 , pp. 122-129
    • Cocanour, C.S.1    Peninger, M.2    Domonoske, B.D.3
  • 20
    • 67649337014 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reduction of ventilator-associated pneumonia: Active versus passive guideline implementation
    • Hawe CS, Ellis KS, Cairns CJ, Longmate A. Reduction of ventilator-associated pneumonia: active versus passive guideline implementation. Intens. Care Med. 35(7), 1180-1186 (2009).
    • (2009) Intens. Care Med. , vol.35 , Issue.7 , pp. 1180-1186
    • Hawe, C.S.1    Ellis, K.S.2    Cairns, C.J.3    Longmate, A.4
  • 21
    • 77951195583 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A European care bundle for prevention of ventilator-associated pneumonia
    • Rello J, Lode H, Cornaglia G, Masterton R. A European care bundle for prevention of ventilator-associated pneumonia. Intens. Care Med. 36(5), 773-780 (2010).
    • (2010) Intens. Care Med. , vol.36 , Issue.5 , pp. 773-780
    • Rello, J.1    Lode, H.2    Cornaglia, G.3    Masterton, R.4
  • 22
    • 34247149303 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Does this patient have ventilator-associated pneumonia?
    • Klompas M. Does this patient have ventilator-associated pneumonia? JAMA 297(14), 1583-1593 (2007).
    • (2007) JAMA , vol.297 , Issue.14 , pp. 1583-1593
    • Klompas, M.1
  • 23
    • 67249139256 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of the effect of diagnostic methodology on the reported incidence of ventilator-associated pneumonia
    • Morris AC, Kefala K, Simpson AJ et al. Evaluation of the effect of diagnostic methodology on the reported incidence of ventilator-associated pneumonia. Thorax 64(6), 516-522 (2009).
    • (2009) Thorax , vol.64 , Issue.6 , pp. 516-522
    • Morris, A.C.1    Kefala, K.2    Simpson, A.J.3
  • 24
    • 0032794307 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of pneumonia diagnosis in intensive care patients
    • Petersen IS, Aru A, Skodt V et al. Evaluation of pneumonia diagnosis in intensive care patients. Scand. J. Infect. Dis. 31(3), 299-303 (1999).
    • (1999) Scand. J. Infect. Dis. , vol.31 , Issue.3 , pp. 299-303
    • Petersen, I.S.1    Aru, A.2    Skodt, V.3
  • 25
    • 0029992098 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differential diagnosis of fever and pulmonary densities in mechanically ventilated patients
    • Louthan FB, Meduri GU. Differential diagnosis of fever and pulmonary densities in mechanically ventilated patients. Semin. Respir. Infect. 11(2), 77-95 (1996).
    • (1996) Semin. Respir. Infect. , vol.11 , Issue.2 , pp. 77-95
    • Louthan, F.B.1    Meduri, G.U.2
  • 26
    • 0028360248 scopus 로고
    • Causes of fever and pulmonary densities in patients with clinical manifestations of ventilator-associated pneumonia
    • Meduri GU, Mauldin GL, Wunderink RG et al. Causes of fever and pulmonary densities in patients with clinical manifestations of ventilator-associated pneumonia. Chest 106(1), 221-235 (1994).
    • (1994) Chest , vol.106 , Issue.1 , pp. 221-235
    • Meduri, G.U.1    Mauldin, G.L.2    Wunderink, R.G.3
  • 27
    • 0024366040 scopus 로고
    • A prospective study of protected bronchoalveolar lavage in the diagnosis of nosocomial pneumonia
    • Rouby JJ, Rossignon MD, Nicolas MH et al. A prospective study of protected bronchoalveolar lavage in the diagnosis of nosocomial pneumonia. Anesthesiology 71(5), 679-685 (1989).
    • (1989) Anesthesiology , vol.71 , Issue.5 , pp. 679-685
    • Rouby, J.J.1    Rossignon, M.D.2    Nicolas, M.H.3
  • 28
    • 0035432032 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diagnostic investigation of ventilator-associated pneumonia using bronchoalveolar lavage: Comparative study with a postmortem lung biopsy
    • Balthazar AB, Von Nowakonski A, De Capitani EM, Bottini PV, Terzi RG, Araujo S. Diagnostic investigation of ventilator-associated pneumonia using bronchoalveolar lavage: comparative study with a postmortem lung biopsy. Braz. J. Med. Biol. Res. 34(8), 993-1001 (2001).
    • (2001) Braz. J. Med. Biol. Res. , vol.34 , Issue.8 , pp. 993-1001
    • Balthazar, A.B.1    Von Nowakonski, A.2    De Capitani, E.M.3    Bottini, P.V.4    Terzi, R.G.5    Araujo, S.6
  • 29
    • 0034525249 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diagnostic accuracy of protected catheter sampling in ventilator-associated bacterial pneumonia
    • Bregeon F, Papazian L, Thomas P et al. Diagnostic accuracy of protected catheter sampling in ventilator-associated bacterial pneumonia. Eur. Respir. J. 16(5), 969-975 (2000).
    • (2000) Eur. Respir. J. , vol.16 , Issue.5 , pp. 969-975
    • Bregeon, F.1    Papazian, L.2    Thomas, P.3
  • 30
    • 77049125763 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Accuracy of clinical definitions of ventilator-associated pneumonia: Comparison with autopsy findings
    • Tejerina E, Esteban A, Fernandez- Segoviano P et al. Accuracy of clinical definitions of ventilator-associated pneumonia: comparison with autopsy findings. J. Crit. Care 25(1), 62-68 (2010).
    • (2010) J. Crit. Care , vol.25 , Issue.1 , pp. 62-68
    • Tejerina, E.1    Esteban, A.2    Fernandez-Segoviano, P.3
  • 31
    • 0030793580 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The diagnosis of ventilator-associated pneumonia: A comparison of histologic, microbiologic, and clinical criteria
    • Kirtland SH, Corley DE, Winterbauer RH et al. The diagnosis of ventilator-associated pneumonia: a comparison of histologic, microbiologic, and clinical criteria. Chest 112(2), 445-457 (1997).
    • (1997) Chest , vol.112 , Issue.2 , pp. 445-457
    • Kirtland, S.H.1    Corley, D.E.2    Winterbauer, R.H.3
  • 32
    • 0032851762 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical diagnosis of ventilator associated pneumonia revisited: Comparative validation using immediate post-mortem lung biopsies
    • Fabregas N, Ewig S, Torres A et al. Clinical diagnosis of ventilator associated pneumonia revisited: comparative validation using immediate post-mortem lung biopsies. Thorax 54(10), 867-873 (1999).
    • (1999) Thorax , vol.54 , Issue.10 , pp. 867-873
    • Fabregas, N.1    Ewig, S.2    Torres, A.3
  • 33
    • 0028875696 scopus 로고
    • Bronchoscopic or blind sampling techniques for the diagnosis of ventilator-associated pneumonia
    • Papazian L, Thomas P, Garbe L et al. Bronchoscopic or blind sampling techniques for the diagnosis of ventilator-associated pneumonia. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 152(6 Pt 1), 1982-1991 (1995).
    • (1995) Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. , vol.152 , Issue.6 PART 1 , pp. 1982-1991
    • Papazian, L.1    Thomas, P.2    Garbe, L.3
  • 34
    • 0029055820 scopus 로고
    • Diagnostic tests for pneumonia in ventilated patients: Prospective evaluation of diagnostic accuracy using histology as a diagnostic gold standard
    • Marquette CH, Copin MC, Wallet F et al. Diagnostic tests for pneumonia in ventilated patients: prospective evaluation of diagnostic accuracy using histology as a diagnostic gold standard. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 151(6), 1878-1888 (1995).
    • (1995) Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. , vol.151 , Issue.6 , pp. 1878-1888
    • Marquette, C.H.1    Copin, M.C.2    Wallet, F.3
  • 35
    • 0028091355 scopus 로고
    • Validation of different techniques for the diagnosis of ventilator-associated pneumonia. Comparison with immediate postmortem pulmonary biopsy
    • Torres A, El-Ebiary M, Padro L et al. Validation of different techniques for the diagnosis of ventilator-associated pneumonia. Comparison with immediate postmortem pulmonary biopsy. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 149(2 Pt 1), 324-331 (1994).
    • (1994) Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. , vol.149 , Issue.2 PART 1 , pp. 324-331
    • Torres, A.1    El-Ebiary, M.2    Padro, L.3
  • 36
    • 0021710220 scopus 로고
    • Prospective evaluation of the protected specimen brush for the diagnosis of pulmonary infections in ventilated patients
    • Chastre J, Viau F, Brun P et al. Prospective evaluation of the protected specimen brush for the diagnosis of pulmonary infections in ventilated patients. Am. Rev. Resp. Dis. 130(5), 924-929 (1984).
    • (1984) Am. Rev. Resp. Dis. , vol.130 , Issue.5 , pp. 924-929
    • Chastre, J.1    Viau, F.2    Brun, P.3
  • 37
    • 77249097454 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The paradox of ventilator-associated pneumonia prevention measures
    • London, England
    • Klompas M. The paradox of ventilator-associated pneumonia prevention measures. Crit. Care (London, England) 13(5), 315 (2009).
    • (2009) Crit. Care , vol.13 , Issue.5 , pp. 315
    • Klompas, M.1
  • 38
    • 38449103612 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ventilator-associated pneumonia - The wrong quality measure for benchmarking
    • Klompas M, Platt R. Ventilator-associated pneumonia - the wrong quality measure for benchmarking. Ann. Intern. Med. 147(11), 803-805 (2007).
    • (2007) Ann. Intern. Med. , vol.147 , Issue.11 , pp. 803-805
    • Klompas, M.1    Platt, R.2
  • 39
    • 13644269309 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Infectious Diseases Society of America: Guidelines for the management of adults with hospital-acquired, ventilator-associated, and healthcare-associated pneumonia
    • American Thoracic Society
    • American Thoracic Society and Infectious Diseases Society of America: guidelines for the management of adults with hospital-acquired, ventilator-associated, and healthcare-associated pneumonia. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 171(4), 388-416 (2005).
    • (2005) Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. , vol.171 , Issue.4 , pp. 388-416
  • 40
    • 58749115934 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Strategies to prevent ventilator-associated pneumonia in acute care hospitals
    • Coffin SE, Klompas M, Classen D et al. Strategies to prevent ventilator-associated pneumonia in acute care hospitals. Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. 29(Suppl. 1), S31-S40 (2008).
    • (2008) Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. , vol.29 , Issue.SUPPL. 1
    • Coffin, S.E.1    Klompas, M.2    Classen, D.3
  • 41
    • 58549097311 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Defining, treating and preventing hospital acquired pneumonia: European perspective
    • Torres A, Ewig S, Lode H, Carlet J. Defining, treating and preventing hospital acquired pneumonia: European perspective. Intensive Care Med. 35(1), 9-29 (2009).
    • (2009) Intensive Care Med. , vol.35 , Issue.1 , pp. 9-29
    • Torres, A.1    Ewig, S.2    Lode, H.3    Carlet, J.4
  • 42
    • 0026606379 scopus 로고
    • Pulmonary aspiration of gastric contents in patients receiving mechanical ventilation: The effect of body position
    • Torres A, Serra-Batlles J, Ros E et al. Pulmonary aspiration of gastric contents in patients receiving mechanical ventilation: the effect of body position. Ann. Intern. Med. 116(7), 540-543 (1992).
    • (1992) Ann. Intern. Med. , vol.116 , Issue.7 , pp. 540-543
    • Torres, A.1    Serra-Batlles, J.2    Ros, E.3
  • 43
    • 0027382380 scopus 로고
    • Ventilator-associated pneumonia: A multivariate analysis
    • Kollef MH. Ventilator-associated pneumonia. A multivariate analysis. JAMA 270(16), 1965-1970 (1993).
    • (1993) JAMA , vol.270 , Issue.16 , pp. 1965-1970
    • Kollef, M.H.1
  • 44
    • 0033610663 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Supine body position as a risk factor for nosocomial pneumonia in mechanically ventilated patients: A randomised trial
    • Drakulovic MB, Torres A, Bauer TT, Nicolas JM, Nogue S, Ferrer M. Supine body position as a risk factor for nosocomial pneumonia in mechanically ventilated patients: a randomised trial. Lancet 354(9193), 1851-1858 (1999).
    • (1999) Lancet , vol.354 , Issue.9193 , pp. 1851-1858
    • Drakulovic, M.B.1    Torres, A.2    Bauer, T.T.3    Nicolas, J.M.4    Nogue, S.5    Ferrer, M.6
  • 45
    • 31344478214 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Feasibility and effects of the semirecumbent position to prevent ventilator-associated pneumonia: A randomized study
    • Van Nieuwenhoven CA, Vandenbroucke- Grauls C, Van Tiel FH et al. Feasibility and effects of the semirecumbent position to prevent ventilator-associated pneumonia: a randomized study. Crit. Care Med. 34(2), 396-402 (2006).
    • (2006) Crit. Care Med. , vol.34 , Issue.2 , pp. 396-402
    • Van Nieuwenhoven, C.A.1    Vandenbroucke- Grauls, C.2    Van Tiel, F.H.3
  • 46
    • 0014685840 scopus 로고
    • Changing pharyngeal bacterial flora of hospitalized patients. Emergence of Gram-negative bacilli
    • Johanson WG, Pierce AK, Sanford JP. Changing pharyngeal bacterial flora of hospitalized patients. Emergence of Gram-negative bacilli. N. Engl. J. Med. 281(21), 1137-1140 (1969).
    • (1969) N. Engl. J. Med. , vol.281 , Issue.21 , pp. 1137-1140
    • Johanson, W.G.1    Pierce, A.K.2    Sanford, J.P.3
  • 47
    • 0015429633 scopus 로고
    • Nosocomial respiratory infections with Gram-negative bacilli. The significance of colonization of the respiratory tract
    • Johanson WG Jr, Pierce AK, Sanford JP, Thomas GD. Nosocomial respiratory infections with Gram-negative bacilli. The significance of colonization of the respiratory tract. Ann. Intern. Med. 77(5), 701-706 (1972).
    • (1972) Ann. Intern. Med. , vol.77 , Issue.5 , pp. 701-706
    • Johanson Jr., W.G.1    Pierce, A.K.2    Sanford, J.P.3    Thomas, G.D.4
  • 49
    • 0026529853 scopus 로고
    • Prevention of nosocomial pneumonia in intubated patients: Respective role of mechanical subglottic secretions drainage and stress ulcer prophylaxis
    • Mahul P, Auboyer C, Jospe R et al. Prevention of nosocomial pneumonia in intubated patients: respective role of mechanical subglottic secretions drainage and stress ulcer prophylaxis. Intens. Care Med. 18(1), 20-25 (1992).
    • (1992) Intens. Care Med. , vol.18 , Issue.1 , pp. 20-25
    • Mahul, P.1    Auboyer, C.2    Jospe, R.3
  • 50
    • 0026529853 scopus 로고
    • Prevention of nosocomial pneumonia in intubated patients: Respective role of mechanical subglottic secretions drainage and stress ulcer prophylaxis
    • Mahul P, Auboyer C, Jospe R et al. Prevention of nosocomial pneumonia in intubated patients: respective role of mechanical subglottic secretions drainage and stress ulcer prophylaxis. Intensive Care Med. 18(1), 20-25 (1992).
    • (1992) Intensive Care Med. , vol.18 , Issue.1 , pp. 20-25
    • Mahul, P.1    Auboyer, C.2    Jospe, R.3
  • 51
    • 0028833778 scopus 로고
    • Continuous aspiration of subglottic secretions in preventing ventilator-associated pneumonia
    • Valles J, Artigas A, Rello J et al. Continuous aspiration of subglottic secretions in preventing ventilator-associated pneumonia. Ann. Intern. Med. 122(3), 179-186 (1995).
    • (1995) Ann. Intern. Med. , vol.122 , Issue.3 , pp. 179-186
    • Valles, J.1    Artigas, A.2    Rello, J.3
  • 52
    • 0032723899 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A randomized clinical trial of continuous aspiration of subglottic secretions in cardiac surgery patients
    • Kollef MH, Skubas NJ, Sundt TM. A randomized clinical trial of continuous aspiration of subglottic secretions in cardiac surgery patients. Chest 116(5), 1339-1346 (1999).
    • (1999) Chest , vol.116 , Issue.5 , pp. 1339-1346
    • Kollef, M.H.1    Skubas, N.J.2    Sundt, T.M.3
  • 53
    • 0036202886 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A randomized clinical trial of intermittent subglottic secretion drainage in patients receiving mechanical ventilation
    • Smulders K, Van Der Hoeven H, Weers-Pothoff I, Vandenbroucke-Grauls C. A randomized clinical trial of intermittent subglottic secretion drainage in patients receiving mechanical ventilation. Chest 121(3), 858-862 (2002).
    • (2002) Chest , vol.121 , Issue.3 , pp. 858-862
    • Smulders, K.1    Van Der Hoeven, H.2    Weers-Pothoff, I.3    Vandenbroucke-Grauls, C.4
  • 54
    • 55849145148 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Continuous aspiration of subglottic secretions in the prevention of ventilator-associated pneumonia in the postoperative period of major heart surgery
    • Bouza E, Perez MJ, Munoz P, Rincon C, Barrio JM, Hortal J. Continuous aspiration of subglottic secretions in the prevention of ventilator-associated pneumonia in the postoperative period of major heart surgery. Chest 134(5), 938-946 (2008).
    • (2008) Chest , vol.134 , Issue.5 , pp. 938-946
    • Bouza, E.1    Perez, M.J.2    Munoz, P.3    Rincon, C.4    Barrio, J.M.5    Hortal, J.6
  • 55
    • 36849046753 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Influence of an endotracheal tube with polyurethane cuff and subglottic secretion drainage on pneumonia
    • Lorente L, Lecuona M, Jimenez A, Mora ML, Sierra A. Influence of an endotracheal tube with polyurethane cuff and subglottic secretion drainage on pneumonia. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 176(11), 1079-1083 (2007).
    • (2007) Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. , vol.176 , Issue.11 , pp. 1079-1083
    • Lorente, L.1    Lecuona, M.2    Jimenez, A.3    Mora, M.L.4    Sierra, A.5
  • 56
    • 65849141324 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of continuous aspiration of subglottic secretions on the prevention of ventilator-associated pneumonia in mechanically ventilated patients: A prospective randomized controlled clinical trial
    • Yang CS, Qiu HB, Zhu YP et al. [Effect of continuous aspiration of subglottic secretions on the prevention of ventilator-associated pneumonia in mechanically ventilated patients: a prospective, randomized, controlled clinical trial]. Zhonghua Nei Ke Za Zhi 47(8), 625-629 (2008).
    • (2008) Zhonghua Nei Ke Za Zhi , vol.47 , Issue.8 , pp. 625-629
    • Yang, C.S.1    Qiu, H.B.2    Zhu, Y.P.3
  • 57
    • 47549085383 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A clinical study of subglottic secretion drainage for prevention of ventilation associated pneumonia
    • Zheng RQ, Lin H, Shao J et al. [A clinical study of subglottic secretion drainage for prevention of ventilation associated pneumonia]. Zhongguo Wei Zhong Bing Ji Jiu Yi Xue 20(6), 338-340 (2008).
    • (2008) Zhongguo Wei Zhong Bing Ji Jiu Yi Xue , vol.20 , Issue.6 , pp. 338-340
    • Zheng, R.Q.1    Lin, H.2    Shao, J.3
  • 58
    • 11444262965 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Subglottic secretion drainage for preventing ventilator-associated pneumonia: A meta-analysis
    • Dezfulian C, Shojania K, Collard HR et al. Subglottic secretion drainage for preventing ventilator-associated pneumonia: a meta-analysis. Am. J. Med. 118(1), 11-18 (2005).
    • (2005) Am. J. Med. , vol.118 , Issue.1 , pp. 11-18
    • Dezfulian, C.1    Shojania, K.2    Collard, H.R.3
  • 59
    • 49949096464 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Silver-coated endotracheal tubes and incidence of ventilator-associated pneumonia: The nascent randomized trial
    • Kollef MH, Afessa B, Anzueto A et al. Silver-coated endotracheal tubes and incidence of ventilator-associated pneumonia: the nascent randomized trial. JAMA 300(7), 805-813 (2008).
    • (2008) JAMA , vol.300 , Issue.7 , pp. 805-813
    • Kollef, M.H.1    Afessa, B.2    Anzueto, A.3
  • 60
    • 57449114523 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Silver-coated endotracheal tubes and patient outcomes in ventilator-associated pneumonia
    • author reply 2605-2606
    • Klompas M. Silver-coated endotracheal tubes and patient outcomes in ventilator-associated pneumonia. JAMA 300(22), 2605; author reply 2605-2606 (2008).
    • (2008) JAMA , vol.300 , Issue.22 , pp. 2605
    • Klompas, M.1
  • 61
    • 34247551021 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Administration of antibiotics via the respiratory tract for the prevention of icu-acquired pneumonia: A meta-analysis of comparative trials
    • London, England
    • Falagas ME, Siempos II, Bliziotis IA, Michalopoulos A. Administration of antibiotics via the respiratory tract for the prevention of icu-acquired pneumonia: a meta-analysis of comparative trials. Crit. Care (London, England) 10(4), R123 (2006).
    • (2006) Crit. Care , vol.10 , Issue.4
    • Falagas, M.E.1    Siempos, I.I.2    Bliziotis, I.A.3    Michalopoulos, A.4
  • 62
    • 33646553004 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of oropharyngeal decontamination by povidone-iodine on ventilator-associated pneumonia in patients with head trauma
    • Seguin P, Tanguy M, Laviolle B, Tirel O, Malledant Y. Effect of oropharyngeal decontamination by povidone-iodine on ventilator-associated pneumonia in patients with head trauma. Crit. Care Med. 34(5), 1514-1519 (2006).
    • (2006) Crit. Care Med. , vol.34 , Issue.5 , pp. 1514-1519
    • Seguin, P.1    Tanguy, M.2    Laviolle, B.3    Tirel, O.4    Malledant, Y.5
  • 63
    • 30344462677 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A randomized double-blind trial of iseganan in prevention of ventilator-associated pneumonia
    • Kollef M, Pittet D, Sanchez Garcia M et al. A randomized double-blind trial of iseganan in prevention of ventilator-associated pneumonia. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 173(1), 91-97 (2006).
    • (2006) Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. , vol.173 , Issue.1 , pp. 91-97
    • Kollef, M.1    Pittet, D.2    Sanchez Garcia, M.3
  • 64
    • 0033797108 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of dental plaque antiseptic decontamination on bacterial colonization and nosocomial infections in critically ill patients
    • Fourrier F, Cau-Pottier E, Boutigny H, Roussel-Delvallez M, Jourdain M, Chopin C. Effects of dental plaque antiseptic decontamination on bacterial colonization and nosocomial infections in critically ill patients. Intensive Care Med. 26(9), 1239-1247 (2000).
    • (2000) Intensive Care Med. , vol.26 , Issue.9 , pp. 1239-1247
    • Fourrier, F.1    Cau-Pottier, E.2    Boutigny, H.3    Roussel-Delvallez, M.4    Jourdain, M.5    Chopin, C.6
  • 65
    • 0035000560 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prophylactic chlorhexidine oral rinse decreases ventilator-associated pneumonia in surgical ICU patients
    • Genuit T, Bochicchio G, Napolitano LM, Mccarter RJ, Roghman MC. Prophylactic chlorhexidine oral rinse decreases ventilator-associated pneumonia in surgical ICU patients. Surg. Infect. 2(1), 5-18 (2001).
    • (2001) Surg. Infect. , vol.2 , Issue.1 , pp. 5-18
    • Genuit, T.1    Bochicchio, G.2    Napolitano, L.M.3    McCarter, R.J.4    Roghman, M.C.5
  • 66
    • 33751229919 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevention of nosocomial infection in cardiac surgery by decontamination of the nasopharynx and oropharynx with chlorhexidine gluconate: A randomized controlled trial
    • Segers P, Speekenbrink RG, Ubbink DT, Van Ogtrop ML, De Mol BA. Prevention of nosocomial infection in cardiac surgery by decontamination of the nasopharynx and oropharynx with chlorhexidine gluconate: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 296(20), 2460-2466 (2006).
    • (2006) JAMA , vol.296 , Issue.20 , pp. 2460-2466
    • Segers, P.1    Speekenbrink, R.G.2    Ubbink, D.T.3    Van Ogtrop, M.L.4    De Mol, B.A.5
  • 67
    • 0029931655 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chlorhexidine gluconate 0.12% oral rinse reduces the incidence of total nosocomial respiratory infection and nonprophylactic systemic antibiotic use in patients undergoing heart surgery
    • Deriso AJ 2nd, Ladowski JS, Dillon TA, Justice JW, Peterson AC. Chlorhexidine gluconate 0.12% oral rinse reduces the incidence of total nosocomial respiratory infection and nonprophylactic systemic antibiotic use in patients undergoing heart surgery. Chest 109(6), 1556-1561 (1996).
    • (1996) Chest , vol.109 , Issue.6 , pp. 1556-1561
    • Deriso, I.I.A.J.1    Ladowski, J.S.2    Dillon, T.A.3    Justice, J.W.4    Peterson, A.C.5
  • 68
    • 0036834162 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effectiveness of 0.12% chlorhexidine gluconate oral rinse in reducing prevalence of nosocomial pneumonia in patients undergoing heart surgery
    • Houston S, Hougland P, Anderson JJ, Larocco M, Kennedy V, Gentry LO. Effectiveness of 0.12% chlorhexidine gluconate oral rinse in reducing prevalence of nosocomial pneumonia in patients undergoing heart surgery. Am. J. Crit. Care 11(6), 567-570 (2002).
    • (2002) Am. J. Crit. Care , vol.11 , Issue.6 , pp. 567-570
    • Houston, S.1    Hougland, P.2    Anderson, J.J.3    Larocco, M.4    Kennedy, V.5    Gentry, L.O.6
  • 69
    • 23844508830 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of gingival and dental plaque antiseptic decontamination on nosocomial infections acquired in the intensive care unit: A double-blind placebo-controlled multicenter study
    • Fourrier F, Dubois D, Pronnier P et al. Effect of gingival and dental plaque antiseptic decontamination on nosocomial infections acquired in the intensive care unit: a double-blind placebo-controlled multicenter study. Crit. Care Med. 33(8), 1728-1735 (2005).
    • (2005) Crit. Care Med. , vol.33 , Issue.8 , pp. 1728-1735
    • Fourrier, F.1    Dubois, D.2    Pronnier, P.3
  • 70
    • 33745132106 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oral decontamination with chlorhexidine reduces the incidence of ventilator-associated pneumonia
    • Koeman M, Van Der Ven AJ, Hak E et al. Oral decontamination with chlorhexidine reduces the incidence of ventilator-associated pneumonia. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 173(12), 1348-1355 (2006).
    • (2006) Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. , vol.173 , Issue.12 , pp. 1348-1355
    • Koeman, M.1    Van Der Ven, A.J.2    Hak, E.3
  • 71
    • 39449100900 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Randomized controlled trial and meta-analysis of oral decontamination with 2% chlorhexidine solution for the prevention of ventilator-associated pneumonia
    • Tantipong H, Morkchareonpong C, Jaiyindee S, Thamlikitkul V. Randomized controlled trial and meta-analysis of oral decontamination with 2% chlorhexidine solution for the prevention of ventilator-associated pneumonia. Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. 29(2), 131-136 (2008).
    • (2008) Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. , vol.29 , Issue.2 , pp. 131-136
    • Tantipong, H.1    Morkchareonpong, C.2    Jaiyindee, S.3    Thamlikitkul, V.4
  • 72
    • 70350033698 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effectiveness of oral rinse with chlorhexidine in preventing nosocomial respiratory tract infections among intensive care unit patients
    • Bellissimo-Rodrigues F, Bellissimo-Rodrigues WT, Viana JM et al. Effectiveness of oral rinse with chlorhexidine in preventing nosocomial respiratory tract infections among intensive care unit patients. Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. 30(10), 952-958 (2009).
    • (2009) Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. , vol.30 , Issue.10 , pp. 952-958
    • Bellissimo-Rodrigues, F.1    Bellissimo-Rodrigues, W.T.2    Viana, J.M.3
  • 73
    • 65949120182 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oropharyngeal cleansing with 0.2% chlorhexidine for prevention of nosocomial pneumonia in critically ill patients: An open-label randomized trial with 0.01% potassium permanganate as control
    • Panchabhai TS, Dangayach NS, Krishnan A, Kothari VM, Karnad DR. Oropharyngeal cleansing with 0.2% chlorhexidine for prevention of nosocomial pneumonia in critically ill patients: an open-label randomized trial with 0.01% potassium permanganate as control. Chest 135(5), 1150-1156 (2009).
    • (2009) Chest , vol.135 , Issue.5 , pp. 1150-1156
    • Panchabhai, T.S.1    Dangayach, N.S.2    Krishnan, A.3    Kothari, V.M.4    Karnad, D.R.5
  • 74
    • 68349092848 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A randomized trial of chlorhexidine gluconate on oral bacterial pathogens in mechanically ventilated patients
    • London, England
    • Scannapieco FA, Yu J, Raghavendran K et al. A randomized trial of chlorhexidine gluconate on oral bacterial pathogens in mechanically ventilated patients. Crit. Care (London, England) 13(4), R117 (2009).
    • (2009) Crit. Care , vol.13 , Issue.4
    • Scannapieco, F.A.1    Yu, J.2    Raghavendran, K.3
  • 75
    • 34247882117 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oral decontamination for prevention of pneumonia in mechanically ventilated adults: Systematic review and meta-analysis
    • Chan EY, Ruest A, Meade MO, Cook DJ. Oral decontamination for prevention of pneumonia in mechanically ventilated adults: systematic review and meta-analysis. Br. Med. J. (Clin.Res. Ed.) 334(7599), 889 (2007).
    • (2007) Br. Med. J. (Clin.Res. Ed.) , vol.334 , Issue.7599 , pp. 889
    • Chan, E.Y.1    Ruest, A.2    Meade, M.O.3    Cook, D.J.4
  • 76
    • 56749168880 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genetic relationships between respiratory pathogens isolated from dental plaque and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from patients in the intensive care unit undergoing mechanical ventilation
    • Heo SM, Haase EM, Lesse AJ, Gill SR, Scannapieco FA. Genetic relationships between respiratory pathogens isolated from dental plaque and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from patients in the intensive care unit undergoing mechanical ventilation. Clin. Infect. Dis. 47(12), 1562-1570 (2008).
    • (2008) Clin. Infect. Dis. , vol.47 , Issue.12 , pp. 1562-1570
    • Heo, S.M.1    Haase, E.M.2    Lesse, A.J.3    Gill, S.R.4    Scannapieco, F.A.5
  • 77
    • 77249176572 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact of the administration of probiotics on the incidence of ventilator-associated pneumonia: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
    • Siempos II, Ntaidou TK, Falagas ME. Impact of the administration of probiotics on the incidence of ventilator-associated pneumonia: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Crit. Care Med. 38(3), 954-962 (2010).
    • (2010) Crit. Care Med. , vol.38 , Issue.3 , pp. 954-962
    • Siempos, I.I.1    Ntaidou, T.K.2    Falagas, M.E.3
  • 78
    • 0035908622 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relationship between methodological trial quality and the effects of selective digestive decontamination on pneumonia and mortality in critically ill patients
    • Van Nieuwenhoven CA, Buskens E, Van Tiel FH, Bonten MJ. Relationship between methodological trial quality and the effects of selective digestive decontamination on pneumonia and mortality in critically ill patients. JAMA 286(3), 335-340 (2001).
    • (2001) JAMA , vol.286 , Issue.3 , pp. 335-340
    • Van Nieuwenhoven, C.A.1    Buskens, E.2    Van Tiel, F.H.3    Bonten, M.J.4
  • 79
    • 33847043499 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Selective decontamination of the digestive tract reduces bacterial bloodstream infection and mortality in critically ill patients. Systematic review of randomized, controlled trials
    • Silvestri L, Van Saene HK, Milanese M, Gregori D, Gullo A. Selective decontamination of the digestive tract reduces bacterial bloodstream infection and mortality in critically ill patients. Systematic review of randomized, controlled trials. J. Hosp. Infect. 65(3), 187-203 (2007).
    • (2007) J. Hosp. Infect. , vol.65 , Issue.3 , pp. 187-203
    • Silvestri, L.1    Van Saene, H.K.2    Milanese, M.3    Gregori, D.4    Gullo, A.5
  • 80
    • 58249094505 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Decontamination of the digestive tract and oropharynx in icu patients
    • De Smet AM, Kluytmans JA, Cooper BS et al. Decontamination of the digestive tract and oropharynx in icu patients. N. Engl. J. Med. 360(1), 20-31 (2009).
    • (2009) N. Engl. J. Med. , vol.360 , Issue.1 , pp. 20-31
    • De Smet, A.M.1    Kluytmans, J.A.2    Cooper, B.S.3
  • 81
    • 77649109107 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ecological effects of selective decontamination on resistant Gram-negative bacterial colonization
    • Oostdijk EA, De Smet AM, Blok HE et al. Ecological effects of selective decontamination on resistant Gram-negative bacterial colonization. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 181(5), 452-457 (2010).
    • (2010) Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. , vol.181 , Issue.5 , pp. 452-457
    • Oostdijk, E.A.1    De Smet, A.M.2    Blok, H.E.3
  • 82
    • 10544248173 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect on the duration of mechanical ventilation of identifying patients capable of breathing spontaneously
    • Ely EW, Baker AM, Dunagan DP et al. Effect on the duration of mechanical ventilation of identifying patients capable of breathing spontaneously. N. Engl. J. Med. 335(25), 1864-1869 (1996).
    • (1996) N. Engl. J. Med. , vol.335 , Issue.25 , pp. 1864-1869
    • Ely, E.W.1    Baker, A.M.2    Dunagan, D.P.3
  • 83
    • 0034682246 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Daily interruption of sedative infusions in critically ill patients undergoing mechanical ventilation
    • Kress JP, Pohlman AS, O'Connor MF, Hall JB. Daily interruption of sedative infusions in critically ill patients undergoing mechanical ventilation. N. Engl. J. Med. 342(20), 1471-1477 (2000).
    • (2000) N. Engl. J. Med. , vol.342 , Issue.20 , pp. 1471-1477
    • Kress, J.P.1    Pohlman, A.S.2    O'Connor, M.F.3    Hall, J.B.4
  • 84
    • 38049017332 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficacy and safety of a paired sedation and ventilator weaning protocol for mechanically ventilated patients in intensive care (awakening and breathing controlled trial): A randomised controlled trial
    • Girard TD, Kress JP, Fuchs BD et al. Efficacy and safety of a paired sedation and ventilator weaning protocol for mechanically ventilated patients in intensive care (awakening and breathing controlled trial): a randomised controlled trial. Lancet 371(9607), 126-134 (2008).
    • (2008) Lancet , vol.371 , Issue.9607 , pp. 126-134
    • Girard, T.D.1    Kress, J.P.2    Fuchs, B.D.3
  • 85
    • 63849305066 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bundles to prevent ventilator-associated pneumonia: How valuable are they?
    • Wip C, Napolitano L. Bundles to prevent ventilator-associated pneumonia: how valuable are they? Curr. Opin. Infect. Dis. 22(2), 159-166 (2009).
    • (2009) Curr. Opin. Infect. Dis. , vol.22 , Issue.2 , pp. 159-166
    • Wip, C.1    Napolitano, L.2
  • 87
    • 59649107572 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Implementing quality improvements in the intensive care unit: Ventilator bundle as an example
    • Zilberberg MD, Shorr AF, Kollef MH. Implementing quality improvements in the intensive care unit: ventilator bundle as an example. Crit. Care Med. 37(1), 305-309 (2009).
    • (2009) Crit. Care Med. , vol.37 , Issue.1 , pp. 305-309
    • Zilberberg, M.D.1    Shorr, A.F.2    Kollef, M.H.3
  • 88
    • 77949918548 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interobserver variability in ventilator-associated pneumonia surveillance
    • Klompas M. Interobserver variability in ventilator-associated pneumonia surveillance. Am. J. Infect. Control 38(3), 237-239 (2010).
    • (2010) Am. J. Infect. Control , vol.38 , Issue.3 , pp. 237-239
    • Klompas, M.1
  • 89
    • 33744806863 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • "Ventilator bundle" approach to prevention of ventilator-associated pneumonia
    • Burger CD, Resar RK. "Ventilator bundle" approach to prevention of ventilator-associated pneumonia. Mayo Clin. Proc. 81(6), 849-850 (2006).
    • (2006) Mayo Clin. Proc. , vol.81 , Issue.6 , pp. 849-850
    • Burger, C.D.1    Resar, R.K.2
  • 90
    • 36148981484 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficacy of a pneumonia prevention protocol in the reduction of ventilator-associated pneumonia in trauma patients
    • Lansford T, Moncure M, Carlton E et al. Efficacy of a pneumonia prevention protocol in the reduction of ventilator-associated pneumonia in trauma patients. Surg. Infect. 8(5), 505-510 (2007).
    • (2007) Surg. Infect. , vol.8 , Issue.5 , pp. 505-510
    • Lansford, T.1    Moncure, M.2    Carlton, E.3
  • 91
    • 68049136004 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of staff training on the care of mechanically ventilated patients: A prospective cohort study
    • Bloos F, Muller S, Harz A et al. Effects of staff training on the care of mechanically ventilated patients: a prospective cohort study. Br. J. Anaesth. 103(2), 232-237 (2009).
    • (2009) Br. J. Anaesth. , vol.103 , Issue.2 , pp. 232-237
    • Bloos, F.1    Muller, S.2    Harz, A.3
  • 92
    • 27144552932 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An evaluation of the impact of the ventilator care bundle
    • Crunden E, Boyce C, Woodman H, Bray B. An evaluation of the impact of the ventilator care bundle. Nurs. Crit. Care 10(5), 242-246 (2005).
    • (2005) Nurs. Crit. Care , vol.10 , Issue.5 , pp. 242-246
    • Crunden, E.1    Boyce, C.2    Woodman, H.3    Bray, B.4


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.