-
1
-
-
0018974024
-
Statistics and ethics in medical research. III. How large a sample?
-
Altman DG. Statistics and ethics in medical research. III. How large a sample? Br Med J 1980;281:1336-1338.
-
(1980)
Br Med J
, vol.281
, pp. 1336-1338
-
-
Altman, D.G.1
-
2
-
-
0035901583
-
The CONSORT statement: Revised recommendations for improving the quality of reports of parallel-group randomized trials
-
2. Moher D, Schulz KF, Altman DG. The CONSORT statement: revised recommendations for improving the quality of reports of parallel-group randomized trials. Ann Intern Med 2001; 134:657-662. (Pubitemid 32322244)
-
(2001)
Annals of Internal Medicine
, vol.134
, Issue.8
, pp. 657-662
-
-
Moher, D.1
Schulz, K.F.2
Altman, D.G.3
Lepage, L.4
-
3
-
-
34548032852
-
Statistical power calculations
-
Lenth RV. Statistical power calculations. J Anim Sci 2007; 85:E24-E29.
-
(2007)
J Anim Sci
, vol.85
-
-
Lenth, R.V.1
-
4
-
-
0023464656
-
-
The design and analysis of cohort studies. Science Publication 82. Lyon, France: International Agency for Research on Cancer
-
Breslow NE, Day NE. Statistical methods in cancer research. Vol 2. The design and analysis of cohort studies. Science Publication 82. Lyon, France: International Agency for Research on Cancer, 1987:1-406.
-
(1987)
Statistical Methods in Cancer Research.
, vol.2
, pp. 1-406
-
-
Breslow, N.E.1
Day, N.E.2
-
5
-
-
0016076098
-
Sample size requirements in cohort and case-control studies of disease
-
Schlesselman JJ. Sample size requirements in cohort and case-control studies of disease. Am J Epidemiol 1974; 99:381-384.
-
(1974)
Am J Epidemiol
, vol.99
, pp. 381-384
-
-
Schlesselman, J.J.1
-
6
-
-
0034702175
-
Randomized, controlled trials, observational studies, and the hierarchy of research designs
-
DOI 10.1056/NEJM200006223422507
-
6. Concato J, Shah N, Horwitz RI. Randomized, controlled trials, observational studies, and the hierarchy of research designs. N Engl J Med 2000; 342:1887-1892. (Pubitemid 30419054)
-
(2000)
New England Journal of Medicine
, vol.342
, Issue.25
, pp. 1887-1892
-
-
Concato, J.1
Shah, N.2
Horwitz, R.I.3
-
7
-
-
0032531113
-
Incidence of and risk factors for ventilator-associated pneumonia in critically ill patients
-
7. Cook DJ, Walter SD, Cook RJ, et al. Incidence of and risk factors for ventilator-associated pneumonia in critically ill patients. Ann Intern Med 1998; 129:433-440. (Pubitemid 28428078)
-
(1998)
Annals of Internal Medicine
, vol.129
, Issue.6
, pp. 433-440
-
-
Cook, D.J.1
Walter, S.D.2
Cook, R.J.3
Griffith, L.E.4
Guyatt, G.H.5
Leasa, D.6
Jaeschke, R.Z.7
Brun-Buisson, C.8
-
8
-
-
26444480583
-
Clinical and economic consequences of ventilator-associated pneumonia: A systematic review
-
Safdar N, Dezfulian C, Collard HR, Saint S. Clinical and economic consequences of ventilator-associated pneumonia: a systematic review. Crit Care Med 2005; 33:2184-2193.
-
(2005)
Crit Care Med
, vol.33
, pp. 2184-2193
-
-
Safdar, N.1
Dezfulian, C.2
Collard, H.R.3
Saint, S.4
-
9
-
-
55949086875
-
Frequency and predictors of ventilator-associated pneumonia recurrence: A meta-analysis
-
Siempos II, Athanassa Z, Falagas ME. Frequency and predictors of ventilator-associated pneumonia recurrence: a meta-analysis. Shock 2008; 30:487-495.
-
(2008)
Shock
, vol.30
, pp. 487-495
-
-
Siempos, I.I.1
Athanassa, Z.2
Falagas, M.E.3
-
10
-
-
0036924301
-
Epidemiology and outcomes of ventilator-associated pneumonia in a large US database
-
DOI 10.1378/chest.122.6.2115
-
10. Rello J, Ollendorf DA, Oster G, et al. Epidemiology and outcomes of ventilator-associated pneumonia in a large US database. Chest 2002; 122:2115-2121. (Pubitemid 36051151)
-
(2002)
Chest
, vol.122
, Issue.6
, pp. 2115-2121
-
-
Rello, J.1
Ollendorf, D.A.2
Oster, G.3
Vera-Llonch, M.4
Bellm, L.5
Redman, R.6
Kollef, M.H.7
-
11
-
-
17744382851
-
Incidence, risk factors and mortality of nosocomial pneumonia in intensive care units: A prospective study
-
DOI 10.1186/1476-0711-3-17
-
11. Alp E, Guven M, Yildiz O, Aygen B, Voss A, Doganay M. Incidence, risk factors and mortality of nosocomial pneumonia in intensive care units: a prospective study. Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob 2004; 3:17. (Pubitemid 41630810)
-
(2004)
Annals of Clinical Microbiology and Antimicrobials
, vol.3
, pp. 17
-
-
Alp, E.1
Guven, M.2
Yildiz, O.3
Aygen, B.4
Voss, A.5
Doganay, M.6
-
12
-
-
33745209497
-
Value of APACHE II, SOFA and CPIS scores in predicting prognosis in patients with ventilator-associated pneumonia
-
Gursel G, Demirtas S. Value of APACHE II, SOFA and CPIS scores in predicting prognosis in patients with ventilator-associated pneumonia. Respiration 2006; 73:503-508.
-
(2006)
Respiration
, vol.73
, pp. 503-508
-
-
Gursel, G.1
Demirtas, S.2
-
13
-
-
13644269309
-
Guidelines for the management of adults with hospital-acquired, ventilator-associated, and healthcare-associated pneumonia
-
DOI 10.1164/rccm.200405-644ST
-
13. Guidelines for the management of adults with hospital-acquired, ventilator-associated, and healthcare-associated pneumonia. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2005; 171:388-416. (Pubitemid 40227463)
-
(2005)
American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine
, vol.171
, Issue.4
, pp. 388-416
-
-
-
14
-
-
0035675088
-
Mortality rate attributable to ventilator-associated nosocomial pneumonia in an adult intensive care unit: A prospective case-control study
-
14. Bercault N, Boulain T. Mortality rate attributable to ventilator-associated nosocomial pneumonia in an adult intensive care unit: a prospective case-control study. Crit Care Med 2001; 29:2303-2309. (Pubitemid 34038163)
-
(2001)
Critical Care Medicine
, vol.29
, Issue.12
, pp. 2303-2309
-
-
Bercault, N.1
Boulain, T.2
-
15
-
-
9344223929
-
Effect of ventilator-associated pneumonia on mortality and morbidity
-
15. Papazian L, Bregeon F, Thirion X, et al. Effect of ventilator-associated pneumonia on mortality and morbidity. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1996; 154:91-97. (Pubitemid 26255772)
-
(1996)
American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine
, vol.154
, Issue.1
, pp. 91-97
-
-
Papazian, L.1
Bregeon, F.2
Thirion, X.3
Gregoire, R.4
Saux, P.5
Denis, J.-P.6
Perin, G.7
Charrel, J.8
Dumon, J.-F.9
Affray, J.-P.10
Gouin, F.11
-
16
-
-
0026317030
-
Incidence, etiology, and outcome of nosocomial pneumonia in mechanically ventilated patients
-
Rello J, Quintana E, Ausina V, et al. Incidence, etiology, and outcome of nosocomial pneumonia in mechanically ventilated patients. Chest 1991; 100:439-444.
-
(1991)
Chest
, vol.100
, pp. 439-444
-
-
Rello, J.1
Quintana, E.2
Ausina, V.3
-
17
-
-
37549047587
-
Empiric antibiotic therapy for suspected ventilator-associated pneumonia: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized trials
-
Aarts MA, Hancock JN, Heyland D, McLeod RS, Marshall JC. Empiric antibiotic therapy for suspected ventilator-associated pneumonia: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized trials. Crit Care Med 2008; 36:108-117.
-
(2008)
Crit Care Med
, vol.36
, pp. 108-117
-
-
Aarts, M.A.1
Hancock, J.N.2
Heyland, D.3
McLeod, R.S.4
Marshall, J.C.5
-
18
-
-
45749100460
-
Guidelines for the management of hospital-acquired pneumonia in the UK: Report of the working party on hospital-acquired pneumonia of the british society for antimicrobial chemotherapy
-
DOI 10.1093/jac/dkn162
-
18. Masterton RG, Galloway A, French G, et al. Guidelines for the management of hospital-acquired pneumonia in the UK: report of the working party on hospital-acquired pneumonia of the British Society for Antimicrobial Chemotherapy. J Antimicrob Chemother 2008; 62: 5-34. (Pubitemid 351865870)
-
(2008)
Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy
, vol.62
, Issue.1
, pp. 5-34
-
-
Masterton, R.G.1
Galloway, A.2
French, G.3
Street, M.4
Armstrong, J.5
Brown, E.6
Cleverley, J.7
Dilworth, P.8
Fry, C.9
Gascoigne, A.D.10
Knox, A.11
Nathwani, D.12
Spencer, R.13
Wilcox, M.14
-
19
-
-
69549099882
-
-
[computer program]. Version 5.0. Copenhagen: The Nordic Cochrane Centre, The Cochrane Collaboration
-
Review Manager (RevMan) [computer program]. Version 5.0. Copenhagen: The Nordic Cochrane Centre, The Cochrane Collaboration, 2008.
-
(2008)
Review Manager (RevMan)
-
-
-
21
-
-
0000324575
-
Do studies of statistical power have an effect on the power of studies?
-
Sedlmeier P, Gigerenzer G. Do studies of statistical power have an effect on the power of studies? Psychol Bull 1989; 105:309-316.
-
(1989)
Psychol Bull
, vol.105
, pp. 309-316
-
-
Sedlmeier, P.1
Gigerenzer, G.2
-
22
-
-
0032808670
-
The insignificance of statistical significance testing
-
Johnson D. The insignificance of statistical significance testing. JWM 1999; 63:763-772.
-
(1999)
JWM
, vol.63
, pp. 763-772
-
-
Johnson, D.1
-
23
-
-
0035644173
-
The abuse of power: The pervasive fallacy of power calculations for data analysis
-
DOI 10.1198/000313001300339897
-
23. Hoenig J, Heisey D. The abuse of power: the pervasive fallacy of power calculations for data analysis. Am Stat 2001; 55:19-24. (Pubitemid 33227057)
-
(2001)
American Statistician
, vol.55
, Issue.1
, pp. 19-24
-
-
Hoenig, J.M.1
Heisey, D.M.2
-
24
-
-
34249095463
-
Power and sample size: How many patients do i need?
-
Grunkemeier GL, Jin R. Power and sample size: how many patients do I need? Ann Thorac Surg 2007; 83:1934-1939.
-
(2007)
Ann Thorac Surg
, vol.83
, pp. 1934-1939
-
-
Grunkemeier, G.L.1
Jin, R.2
-
25
-
-
0028304329
-
The use of predicted confidence intervals when planning experiments and the misuse of power when interpreting results
-
Goodman SN, Berlin JA. The use of predicted confidence intervals when planning experiments and the misuse of power when interpreting results. Ann Intern Med 1994; 121:200-206.
-
(1994)
Ann Intern Med
, vol.121
, pp. 200-206
-
-
Goodman, S.N.1
Berlin, J.A.2
-
27
-
-
21244478068
-
Post hoc power: A concept whose time has come
-
Onwuegbuzie A, Leech N. Post hoc power: a concept whose time has come. Understand Stat 2004; 3:201-230.
-
(2004)
Understand Stat
, vol.3
, pp. 201-230
-
-
Onwuegbuzie, A.1
Leech, N.2
-
28
-
-
0036144552
-
The prevalence of negative studies with inadequate statistical power: An analysis of the plastic surgery literature
-
28. Chung KC, Kalliainen LK, Spilson SV, Walters MR, Kim HM. The prevalence of negative studies with inadequate statistical power: an analysis of the plastic surgery literature. Plast Reconstr Surg 2002; 109: 1-6. (Pubitemid 34056648)
-
(2002)
Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
, vol.109
, Issue.1
, pp. 1-6
-
-
Chung, K.C.1
Kalliainen, L.K.2
Spilson, S.V.3
Walters, M.R.4
Kim, H.M.5
-
29
-
-
0035176239
-
Type II error rates (β errors) of randomized trials in orthopaedic trauma
-
Lochner HV, Bhandari M, Tornetta P 3rd. Type II error rates (β errors) of randomized trials in orthopaedic trauma. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2001; 83-A:1650-A1655.
-
(2001)
J Bone Joint Surg Am
, vol.83 A
-
-
Lochner, H.V.1
Bhandari, M.2
Tornetta III, P.3
-
30
-
-
0032460894
-
Type II (β) errors in the hand literature: The importance of power
-
Chung KC, Kalliainen LK, Hayward RA. Type II (β) errors in the hand literature: the importance of power. J Hand Surg Am 1998; 23:20-25.
-
(1998)
J Hand Surg Am
, vol.23
, pp. 20-25
-
-
Chung, K.C.1
Kalliainen, L.K.2
Hayward, R.A.3
-
31
-
-
0021804265
-
Sample size determination in case-control studies: The influence of the distribution of exposure
-
DOI 10.1016/0021-9681(85)90044-X
-
31. McKeown-Eyssen GE, Thomas DC. Sample size determination in casecontrol studies: the influence of the distribution of exposure. J Chronic Dis 1985; 38:559-568. (Pubitemid 15073854)
-
(1985)
Journal of Chronic Diseases
, vol.38
, Issue.7
, pp. 559-568
-
-
McKeown-Eyssen, G.E.1
Thomas, D.C.2
-
32
-
-
31944439373
-
Methodological aspects of outcomes research
-
Hiebert R, Nordin M. Methodological aspects of outcomes research. Eur Spine J 2006; 15(Suppl 1):S4-S16.
-
(2006)
Eur Spine J
, vol.15
, Issue.SUPPL. 1
-
-
Hiebert, R.1
Nordin, M.2
-
34
-
-
0037172281
-
Peer review of statistics in medical research: The other problem
-
34. Bacchetti P. Peer review of statistics in medical research: the other problem. BMJ 2002; 324:1271-1273. (Pubitemid 34553571)
-
(2002)
British Medical Journal
, vol.324
, Issue.7348
, pp. 1271-1273
-
-
Bacchetti, P.1
-
35
-
-
41949141533
-
Impact of methicillin resistance on mortality in Staphylococcus aureus VAP: A systematic review
-
Athanassa Z, Siempos II, Falagas ME. Impact of methicillin resistance on mortality in Staphylococcus aureus VAP: a systematic review. Eur Respir J 2008; 31:625-632.
-
(2008)
Eur Respir J
, vol.31
, pp. 625-632
-
-
Athanassa, Z.1
Siempos, I.I.2
Falagas, M.E.3
-
36
-
-
34548729120
-
Diabetes mellitus as a risk factor for nosocomial pneumonia and associated mortality
-
DOI 10.1111/j.1464-5491.2007.02234.x
-
36. Vardakas KZ, Siempos II, Falagas ME. Diabetes mellitus as a risk factor for nosocomial pneumonia and associated mortality. Diabet Med 2007; 24:1168-1171. (Pubitemid 47437883)
-
(2007)
Diabetic Medicine
, vol.24
, Issue.10
, pp. 1168-1171
-
-
Vardakas, K.Z.1
Siempos, I.I.2
Falagas, M.E.3
-
37
-
-
0023216759
-
Statistical problems in the reporting of clinical trials. A survey of three medical journals
-
Pocock SJ, Hughes MD, Lee RJ. Statistical problems in the reporting of clinical trials. A survey of three medical journals. N Engl J Med 1987; 317:426-432.
-
(1987)
N Engl J Med
, vol.317
, pp. 426-432
-
-
Pocock, S.J.1
Hughes, M.D.2
Lee, R.J.3
-
38
-
-
27744464827
-
Power and sample size for clinical trials when efficacy is required in multiple endpoints: Application to an Alzheimer's treatment trial
-
DOI 10.1191/1740774505cn112oa
-
38. Xiong C, Yu K, Gao F, Yan Y, Zhang Z. Power and sample size for clinical trials when efficacy is required in multiple endpoints: application to an Alzheimer's treatment trial. Clin Trials 2005; 2:387-393. (Pubitemid 41586023)
-
(2005)
Clinical Trials
, vol.2
, Issue.5
, pp. 387-393
-
-
Xiong, C.1
Yu, K.2
Gao, F.3
Yan, Y.4
Zhang, Z.5
-
39
-
-
44449125270
-
Randomized trial of combination versus monotherapy for the empiric treatment of suspected ventilator-associated pneumonia
-
Heyland DK, Dodek P, Muscedere J, Day A, Cook D. Randomized trial of combination versus monotherapy for the empiric treatment of suspected ventilator-associated pneumonia. Crit Care Med 2008; 36: 737-744.
-
(2008)
Crit Care Med
, vol.36
, pp. 737-744
-
-
Heyland, D.K.1
Dodek, P.2
Muscedere, J.3
Day, A.4
Cook, D.5
-
40
-
-
0031930696
-
Treatment of ventilator-associated pneumonia with piperacillin- Tazobactam/amikacin versus ceftazidime/amikacin: A multicenter, randomized controlled trial
-
40. Brun-Buisson C, Sollet JP, Schweich H, Briere S, Petit C. Treatment of ventilator-associated pneumonia with piperacillin-tazobactam/amikacin versus ceftazidime/amikacin: a multicenter, randomized controlled trial. VAP Study Group. Clin Infect Dis 1998; 26:346-354. (Pubitemid 28083945)
-
(1998)
Clinical Infectious Diseases
, vol.26
, Issue.2
, pp. 346-354
-
-
Brun-Buisson, C.1
Sollet, J.P.2
Schweich, H.3
Briere, S.4
Petit, C.5
|