Defining hormesis: Evaluation of a complex concentration response phenomenon

International Journal of Toxicology

Volumn 29, Issue 3, 2010, Pages 235-246

  Kendig, Eric L ^a   Le, Hoa H ^a   Belcher, Scott M ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CINCINNATI COLLEGE OF MEDICINE   (United States)

Author keywords

Beta curve; Biphasic effects; Dose response relationship; Hormesis; Low dose effects; Nonmonotonic; Subthreshold response; Threshold model

Indexed keywords

ACCURACY; CONCENTRATION RESPONSE; DOSE RESPONSE; HOMEOPATHY; HORMESIS; PHYSICAL STRESS; REVIEW; STATISTICAL ANALYSIS;

ANIMALS; DOSE-RESPONSE RELATIONSHIP, DRUG; HISTORY, 16TH CENTURY; HISTORY, 19TH CENTURY; HISTORY, ANCIENT; HUMANS; MODELS, BIOLOGICAL; NONLINEAR DYNAMICS; PHARMACOKINETICS; PHARMACOLOGY; TERMINOLOGY AS TOPIC; TOXICOLOGY;

EID: 77953860378     PISSN: 10915818     EISSN: 1092874X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/1091581810363012     Document Type: Review

References (40)

1. Southam CM, Ehrlich J. Effects of extracts of western red-cedar heartwood on certain wood-decaying fungi in culture. Phytopathology. 1943 ; 33: 517-524.
2. Calabrese EJ Paradigm lost, paradigm found: the re-emergence of hormesis as a fundamental dose response model in the toxicological sciences. Environ Pollut. 2005 ; 138: 379-411.
3. Calabrese EJ, Baldwin LA Hormesis: a generalizable and unifying hypothesis. Crit Rev Toxicol. 2001 ; 31: 353-424.
4. Calabrese EJ, Staudenmayer JW, Stanek EJ III, Hoffmann GR Hormesis outperforms threshold model in National Cancer Institute antitumor drug screening database. Toxicol Sci. 2006 ; 94: 368-378.
5. Mushak P. Hormesis and its place in nonmonotonic dose-response relationships: some scientific reality checks. Environ Health Perspect. 2007 ; 115: 500-506.
6. Thayer KA, Melnick R., Burns K., Davis D., Huff J. Fundamental flaws of hormesis for public health decisions. Environ Health Perspect. 2005 ; 113: 1271-1276.
7. Stumpf WE The dose makes the medicine. Drug Discov Today. 2006 ; 11: 550-555.
8. Paracelsus. Selected Writings. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press ; 1995.
9. Schulz H. Uber Hefegifte. Pflug Arch. 1888 ; 42: 517-541.
10. Schulz H. Zur lehre der arzneiwirkung. Virch Arch. 1887 ; 108: 427-445.
11. Calabrese EJ, Baldwin LA The marginalization of hormesis. Hum Exp Toxicol. 2000 ; 19: 32-40.
12. Henschler D. The origin of hormesis: historical background and driving forces. Hum Exp Toxicol. 2006 ; 25: 347-351.
13. Holtz P., Exner M., Schumann HJ Zellreizung und Zellschadigung: Untersuchungen uber die ĝ€Reizgarung und Reizatmung der Hefezelle. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Exp Pathol Pharmakol. 1948 ; 205: 243-275.
14. Hayes WJ Toxicology of Pesticides. Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins ; 1975.
15. Hahnemann S., Dudgeon RE Organon of Medicine. Translated from the 5 th edition (2nd American edition). Philadelphia: Boericke & Tafel ; 1906.
16. Clark AJ Mode of Action of Drugs on Cells. London: Arnold ; 1933.
17. Clark AJ Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology. Berlin: Verlig Von Julius Springer ; 1937.
18. Hueppe F., Jordan EO The Principles of Bacteriology. Chicago: The Open Court Publishing Company ; 1899.
19. Weltje L., vom Saal FS, Oehlmann J. Reproductive stimulation by low doses of xenoestrogens contrasts with the view of hormesis as an adaptive response. Hum Exp Toxicol. 2005 ; 24: 431-437.
20. Calabrese EJ, Baldwin LA Defining hormesis. Hum Exp Toxicol. 2002 ; 21: 91-97.
21. Mushak P. Ad hoc and fast forward: the science of hormesis growth and development. Environ Health Perspect. 2009 ; 117: 1333-1338.
22. Hotchkiss M. Studies on salt action: VI. The stimulating and inhibitive effect of certain cations upon bacterial growth. J Bacteriol. 1923 ; 8: 141-162.
23. Arumugam TV, Gleichmann M., Tang SC, Mattson MP Hormesis/ preconditioning mechanisms, the nervous system and aging. Ageing Res Rev. 2006 ; 5: 165-178.
24. Stebbing ARD. The kinetics of growth control on a colonial hydroid. J Marine Biol Assoc UK. 1981 ; 61: 35-64.
25. Stebbing ARD. The kinetics of growth control on a colonial hydroid. J Marine Biol Assoc UK. 1981 ; 61: 35-64.
26. Hayes HW, Carleton FM Society of Toxicology History. Reston, VA: Society of Toxicology; 1986.
27. Clark AJ The reaction between acetyl choline and muscle cells. J Physiol. 1926 ; 61: 530-546.
28. Wong JK, Le HH, Zsarnovszky A., Belcher SM Estrogens and ICI182,780 (Faslodex) modulate mitosis and cell death in immature cerebellar neurons via rapid activation of p44/p42 mitogenactivated protein kinase. J Neurosci. 2003 ; 23: 4984-4995.
29. Zsarnovszky A., Le HH, Wang HS, Belcher SM Ontogeny of rapid estrogen-mediated extracellular signal-regulated kinase signaling in the rat cerebellar cortex: potent nongenomic agonist and endocrine disrupting activity of the xenoestrogen bisphenol A. Endocrinology. 2005 ; 146: 5388-5396.
30. Belcher SM, Le HH, Spurling L., Wong JK Rapid estrogenic regulation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 signaling in cerebellar granule cells involves a G protein- and protein kinase A-dependent mechanism and intracellular activation of protein phosphatase 2A. Endocrinology. 2005 ; 146: 5397-5406.
31. Calabrese EJ, Baldwin LA The frequency of U-shaped dose responses in the toxicological literature. Toxicol Sci. 2001 ; 62: 330-338.
32. Calabrese E., Baldwin L. The dose determines the stimulation (and poison): development of a chemical hormesis database. Int J Toxicol. 1997 ; 16: 545-559.
33. Withering W. An Account of the Foxglove, and Some of Its Medical Uses: With Practical Remarks on Dropsy, and Other Diseases. London: George, George Junior, and John Robinson ; 1785.
34. Davies J., Spiegelman GB, Yim G. The world of subinhibitory antibiotic concentrations. Curr Opin Microbiol. 2006 ; 9: 445-453.
35. Lorian V., Gemmell CG Effect of low antibiotic concentrations on bacteria: effects on ultra-structure, virulence, and susceptibility to immuno-defenses. In: Lorian V, ed. Antibiotics in Laboratory Medicine. 3 rd ed. Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins ; 1991: 493-555.
36. Miller WS, Green CA, Kitchen H. Biphasic action of penicillin and other sulphonamide similarity. Nature. 1945 ; 155: 210-211.
37. Townsend JF, Luckey TD Hormoligosis in pharmacology. J Am Med Assoc. 1960 ; 173: 44-48.
38. Calabrese E., Baldwin L. A quantitatively-based methodology for the evaluation of chemical hormesis. Hum Ecol Risk Assess. 1997 ; 3: 545-554.
39. Crump K. Evaluating the evidence for hormesis: a statistical perspective. Crit Rev Toxicol. 2001 ; 31: 669-679. (Pubitemid 32706333)
40. Zapponi GA, Marcello I. Low-dose risk, hormesis, analogical and logical thinking. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2006 ; 1076: 839-857.