How should thiopurine treatment be monitored?-Methodological aspects

Nucleosides, Nucleotides and Nucleic Acids

Volumn 29, Issue 4-6, 2010, Pages 278-283

  Vikingsson, S ^a   Carlsson, B ^a   Almer, S ^a   Peterson, C ^a  

^a LINKÖPING UNIVERSITY   (Sweden)

Author keywords

childhood leukemia; inflammatory bowel disease; methyl mercaptopurine; methylthioinosine monophosphate; TGN

Indexed keywords

6 MERCAPTOPURINE DERIVATIVE; DNA;

DRUG MONITORING; HYDROLYSIS; METABOLITE; METHODOLOGY; MONONUCLEAR CELL; REPRODUCIBILITY; REVIEW; ULTRAVIOLET RADIATION;

6-MERCAPTOPURINE; HUMANS; IMMUNOSUPPRESSIVE AGENTS; INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASES; PURINES; THIOGUANINE;

EID: 77953693281     PISSN: 15257770     EISSN: 15322335     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/15257771003741133     Document Type: Review

References (26)

1. Lennard, L.; Van Loon, J.A.; Weinshilboum, R.M. Pharmacogenetics of acute azathioprine toxicity: relationship to thiopurine methyltransferase genetic polymorphism. Clin. Pharmacol. Ther. 1989, 46, 149-154.
2. Pettersson, B.; Almer, S.; Albertioni, F.; Soderhall, S.; Peterson, C. Differences between children and adults in thiopurine methyltransferase activity and metabolite formation during thiopurine therapy: possible role of concomitant methotrexate. Ther. Drug. Monit. 2002, 24, 351-358.
3. Herrlinger, K.R.; Fellermann, K.; Fischer, C.; Kreisel, W.; Deibert, P.; Schoelmerich, J.; Fleig, W.E.; Ruhl, A.; Reinshagen, M.; Greinwald, R.; Stange, E.F.; Schwab, M. Thioguanine-nucleotides do not predict efficacy of tioguanine in Crohn's disease. Aliment Pharmacol. Ther. 2004, 19, 1269-1276.
4. Lennard, L.; Singleton, H.J. High-performance liquid chromatographic assay of the methyl and nucleotide metabolites of 6-mercaptopurine: quantitation of red blood cell 6-thioguanine nucleotide, 6-thioinosinic acid and 6-methylmercaptopurine metabolites in a single sample. J. Chromatogr. 1992, 583, 83-90.
5. Erdmann, G.R.; France, L.A.; Bostrom, B.C.; Canafax, D.M. A reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography approach in determining total red blood cell concentrations of 6-thioguanine, 6- mercaptopurine, methylthioguanine, and methylmercaptopurine in a patient receiving thiopurine therapy. Biomed. Chromatogr. 1990, 4, 47-51.
6. Dervieux, T.; Boulieu, R. Simultaneous determination of 6-thioguanine and methyl 6- mercaptopurine nucleotides of azathioprine in red blood cells by HPLC. Clin. Chem. 1998, 44, 551-555.
7. Lennard, L. Assay of 6-thioinosinic acid and 6-thioguanine nucleotides, active metabolites of 6- mercaptopurine, in human red blood cells. J. Chromatogr. 1987, 423, 169-178.
8. Dervieux, T.; Boulieu, R. Identification of 6-methylmercaptopurine derivative formed during acid hydrolysis of thiopurine nucleotides in erythrocytes, using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, infrared spectroscopy, and nuclear magnetic resonance assay. Clin. Chem. 1998, 44, 2511-2515.
9. Osterman, M.T.; Kundu, R.; Lichtenstein, G.R.; Lewis, J.D. Association of 6-thioguanine nucleotide levels and inflammatory bowel disease activity: a meta-analysis. Gastroenterology 2006, 130, 1047-1053.
10. Vikingsson, S.; Carlsson, B.; Almer, S.H.; Peterson, C. Monitoring of thiopurine metabolites in patients with inflammatory bowel disease-what is actually measured? Ther. Drug Monit. 2009, 31, 345-350.
11. Shipkova, M.; Armstrong, V.W.; Wieland, E.; Oellerich, M. Differences in nucleotide hydrolysis contribute to the differences between erythrocyte 6-thioguanine nucleotide concentrations determined by two widely used methods. Clin. Chem. 2003, 49, 260-268. (Pubitemid 36143448)
12. Boulieu, R.; Bory, C.; Gonnet, C. Liquid-chromatographic measurement of purine nucleotides in blood cells. Clin. Chem. 1985, 31, 727-731.
13. de Boer, N.K.; Derijks, L.J.; Keizer-Garritsen, J.J.; Lambooy, L.H.; Ruitenbeek, W.; Hooymans, P.M.; van Bodegraven, A.A.; de Jong, D.J. Extended thiopurinemetabolite assessment during 6-thioguanine therapy for immunomodulation in Crohn's disease. J. Clin. Pharmacol. 2007, 47, 187-191.
14. Lavi, L.E.; Holcenberg, J.S. A rapid and sensitive high-performance liquid chromatographic assay for 6-mercaptopurine metabolites in red blood cells. Anal. Biochem. 1985, 144, 514-521.
15. Neurath, M.F.; Kiesslich, R.; Teichgraber, U.; Fischer, C.; Hofmann, U.; Eichelbaum, M.; Galle, P.R.; Schwab, M. 6-thioguanosine diphosphate and triphosphate levels in red blood cells and response to azathioprine therapy in Crohn's disease. Clin. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 2005, 3, 1007-1014.
16. Montero, C.; Duley, J.A.; Fairbanks, L.D.; McBride, M.B.; Micheli, V.; Cant, A.J.; Morgan, G. Demonstration of induction of erythrocyte inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase activity in Ribavirintreated patients using a high performance liquid chromatography linked method. Clin. Chim. Acta 1995, 238, 169-178.
17. Duley, J.A.; Florin, T.H. Thiopurine therapies: problems, complexities, and progress withmonitoring thioguanine nucleotides. Ther. Drug. Monit. 2005, 27, 647-654.
18. Giverhaug, T.; Bergan, S.; Loennechen, T.; Rugstad, H.E.; Aarbakke, J. Analysis of methylated 6- mercaptopurine metabolites in human red blood cells: comparison of two methods. Ther. Drug Monit. 1997, 19, 663-668.
19. Hindorf, U.; Lindqvist, M.; Hildebrand, H.; Fagerberg, U.; Almer, S. Adverse events leading to modification of therapy in a large cohort of patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Aliment Pharmacol. Ther. 2006, 24, 331-342.
20. Dubinsky, M.C.; Yang, H.; Hassard, P.V.; Seidman, E.G.; Kam, L.Y.; Abreu, M.T.; Targan, S.R.; Vasiliauskas, E.A. 6-MP metabolite profiles provide a biochemical explanation for 6-MP resistance in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Gastroenterology 2002, 122, 904-915.
21. Keuzenkamp-Jansen, C.W.; De Abreu, R.A.; Bokkerink, J.P.; Trijbels, J.M. Determination of extracellular and intracellular thiopurines and methylthiopurines by high-performance liquid chromatography. J. Chromatogr. B 1995, 672, 53-61.
22. Rabel, S.R.; Stobaugh, J.F.; Trueworthy, R. Determination of intracellular levels of 6-mercaptopurine metabolites in erythrocytes utilizing capillary electrophoresis with laser-induced fluorescence detection. Anal Biochem 1995, 224, 315-322.
23. Dervieux, T.; Chu, Y.; Su, Y.; Pui, C.H.; Evans, W.E.; Relling, M.V. HPLC determination of thiopurine nucleosides and nucleotides in vivo in lymphoblasts following mercaptopurine therapy. Clin. Chem. 2002, 48, 61-68.
24. Tidd, D.M.; Dedhar, S. Specific and sensitive combined high-performance liquid chromatographicflow fluorometric assay for intracellular 6-thioguanine nucleotides metabolites of 6-mercaptopurine and 6-thioguanine. J. Chromatogr. 1978, 145, 237-246.
25. Warren, D.J.; Andersen, A.; Slordal, L. Quantitation of 6-thioguanine residues in peripheral blood leukocyte DNA obtained from patients receiving 6-mercaptopurine-based maintenance therapy. Cancer Res. 1995, 55, 1670-1674.
26. Olesen, K.M.; Hansen, S.H.; Sidenius, U.; Schmiegelow, K. Determination of leukocyte DNA 6- thioguanine nucleotide levels by high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. J. Chromatogr. B 2008, 864, 149-155.