Differences in nucleotide hydrolysis contribute to the differences between erythrocyte 6-thioguanine nucleotide concentrations determined by two widely used methods

Clinical Chemistry

Volumn 49, Issue 2, 2003, Pages 260-268

  Shipkova, Maria ^a   Armstrong, Victor William ^a   Wieland, Eberhard ^a   Oellerich, Michael ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF GÖTTINGEN   (Germany)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

5 BROMOURACIL; AZATHIOPRINE; DITHIOTHREITOL; MERCAPTOPURINE; PERCHLORIC ACID; SULFURIC ACID; TIOGUANINE;

ANALYTIC METHOD; ARTICLE; CHROMATOGRAPHY; CONTROLLED STUDY; DRUG DETERMINATION; ERYTHROCYTE; HUMAN; HUMAN CELL; HYDROLYSIS; INTERMETHOD COMPARISON;

ANTIMETABOLITES, ANTINEOPLASTIC; CHROMATOGRAPHY, HIGH PRESSURE LIQUID; ERYTHROCYTES; GUANINE NUCLEOTIDES; HUMANS; HYDROLYSIS; IMMUNOSUPPRESSIVE AGENTS; THIOGUANINE; THIONUCLEOTIDES;

EID: 0037305373     PISSN: 00099147     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1373/49.2.260     Document Type: Article

References (41)

1. Lennard L. The clinical pharmacology of 6-mercaptopurine. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 1992;43:329-39.
2. Schutz E, Gummert J, Mohr FW, Armstrong VW, Oellerich M. Should 6-thioguanine nucleotides be monitored in heart transplant recipients given azathioprine? Ther Drug Monit 1996;18:228-33.
3. Ohlman S, Albertioni F, Peterson C. Day-to-day variability in azathioprine pharmacokinetics in renal transplant recipients. Clin Transplant 1994;8:217-23.
4. Bergan S, Rugstad HE, Bentdal O, Endresen L, Stokke O. Kinetics of mercaptopurine and thioguanine nucleotides in renal transplant recipients during azathioprine treatment. Ther Drug Monit 1994;16:13-20.
5. Chan GL, Erdmann GR, Gruber SA, Matas AJ, Canafax DM. Azathioprine metabolism: pharmacokinetics of 6-mercaptopurine, 6-thiouric acid and 6-thioguanine nucleotides in renal transplant patients. J Clin Pharmacol 1990;30:358-63.
6. Armstrong VW, Oellerich M. New developments in the immunosuppressive drug monitoring of cyclosporine, tacrolimus, and azathioprine. Clin Biochem 2001;34:9-16.
7. Schutz E, Gummert J, Armstrong VW, Mohr FW, Oellerich M. Azathioprine pharmacogenetics: the relationship between 6-thioguanine nucleotides and thiopurine methyltransferase in patients after heart and kidney transplantation. Eur J Clin Chem Clin Biochem 1996;34:199-205.
8. Weinshilboum R. Thiopurine pharmacogenetics: clinical and molecular studies of thiopurine methyltransferase. Drug Metab Dispos 2001;29:601-5.
9. Bergan S, Rugstad HE, Bentdal O, Sodal G, Hartmann A, Leivestad T, et al. Monitored high-dose azathioprine treatment reduces acute rejection episodes after renal transplantation. Transplantation 1998;66:334-9.
10. Lennard L. Therapeutic drug monitoring of cytotoxic drugs [Review]. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2001;52(Suppl 1):75S-87S.
11. Cuffari C, Seidman EG, Latour S, Theoret Y. Quantitation of 6-thioguanine in peripheral blood leukocyte DNA in Crohn's disease patients on maintenance 6-mercaptopurine therapy. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 1996;74:580-5.
12. Bergan S, Bentdal O, Sodal G, Brun A, Rugstad HE, Stokke O. Patterns of azathioprine metabolites in neutrophils, lymphocytes, reticulocytes, and erythrocytes: relevance to toxicity and monitoring in recipients of renal allografts. Ther Drug Monit 1997;19:502-9.
13. Bergan S, Rugstad HE, Bentdal O, Stokke O. Monitoring of azathioprine treatment by determination of 6-thioguanine nucleotide concentrations in erythrocytes. Transplantation 1994;58:803-8.
14. Lennard L, Lilleyman JS, Van Loon J, Weinshilboum RM. Genetic variation in response to 6-mercaptopurine for childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. Lancet 1990;336:225-9.
15. Lennard L, Rees CA, Lilleyman JS, Maddocks JL. Childhood leukaemia: a relationship between intracellular 6-mercaptopurine metabolites and neutropenia. Br J Clin Pharmacol 1983;16:359-63.
16. Innocenti F, Danesi R, Favre C, Nardi M, Menconi MC, Di Paolo A, et al. Variable correlation between 6-mercaptopurine metabolites in erythrocytes and hematologic toxicity: implications for drug monitoring in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Ther Drug Monit 2000;22:375-82.
17. Evans WE, Horner M, Chu YQ, Kalwinsky D, Roberts WM. Altered mercaptopurine metabolism, toxic effects, and dosage requirement in a thiopurine methyltransferase-deficient child with acute lymphocytic leukemia. J Pediatr 1991;119:985-9.
18. Lilleyman JS, Lennard L. Mercaptopurine metabolism and risk of relapse in childhood lymphoblastic leukaemia. Lancet 1994;343: 1188-90.
19. Dubinsky MC, Lamothe S, Yang HY, Targan SR, Sinnett D, Theoret Y, et al. Pharmacogenomics and metabolite measurement for 6-mercaptopurine therapy in inflammatory bowel disease. Gastroenterology 2000;118:705-13.
20. Elion GB. Historical background of 6-mercaptopurine. Toxicol Ind Health 1986;2:1-9.
21. Lennard L. Assay of 6-thioinosinic acid and 6-thioguanine nucleotides, active metabolites of 6-mercaptopurine, in human red blood cells. J Chromatogr 1987;423:169-78.
22. Lennard L, Singleton HJ. High-performance liquid chromatographic assay of the methyl and nucleotide metabolites of 6-mercaptopurine: quantitation of red blood cell 6-thioguanine nucleotide, 6-thioinosinic acid and 6-methylmercaptopurine metabolites in a single sample. J Chromatogr 1992;583:83-90.
23. Dervieux T, Boulieu R. Simultaneous determination of 6-thioguanine and methyl 6-mercaptopurine nucleotides of azathioprine in red blood cells by HPLC. Clin Chem 1998;44:551-5.
24. Passing H, Bablok. A new biometrical procedure for testing the equality of measurements from two different analytical methods. Application of linear regression procedures for method comparison studies in clinical chemistry. Part I. J Clin Chem Clin Biochem 1983;21:709-20.
25. Bland JM, Altman DG. Comparing methods of measurement: why plotting difference against standard method is misleading. Lancet 1995;346:1085-7.
26. Mawatari H, Kato Y, Nishimura S, Sakura N, Ueda K. Reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic assay method for quantitating 6-mercaptopurine and its methylated and non-methylated metabolites in a single sample. J Chromatogr B Biomed Sci Appl 1998;716:392-6.
27. Keuzenkamp-Jansen CW, De Abreu RA, Bokkerink JP, Trijbels JM. Determination of extracellular and intracellular thiopurines and methylthiopurines by high-performance liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr B Biomed Appl 1995;672:53-61.
28. Erdmann GR, France LA, Bostrom BC, Canafax DM. A reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography approach in determining total red blood cell concentrations of 6-thioguanine, 6-mercaptopurine, methylthioguanine, and methylmercaptopurine in a patient receiving thiopurine therapy. Biomed Chromatogr 1990;4:47-51.
29. Lavi LE, Holcenberg JS. A rapid and sensitive high-performance liquid chromatographic assay for 6-mercaptopurine metabolites in red blood cells. Anal Biochem 1985;144:514-21.
30. Dooley T, Maddocks JL. Assay of an active metabolite of 6-thioguanine, 6-thioguanosine 5′-monophosphate, in human red blood cells. J Chromatogr 1982;229:121-7.
31. Weller S, Thurmann P, Rietbrock N, Gossmann J, Scheuermann EH. HPLC analysis of azathioprine metabolites in red blood cells, plasma and urine in renal transplant recipients. Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther 1995;33:639-45.
32. Pike MG, Franklin CL, Mays DC, Lipsky JJ, Lowry PW, Sandborn WJ. Improved methods for determining the concentration of 6-thioguanine nucleotides and 6-methylmercaptopurine nucleotides in blood. J Chromatogr B Biomed Sci Appl 2001;757:1-9.
33. Erdmann GR, Steury JC, Carleton BC, Stafford RJ, Bostrom BC, Canafax DM. Reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic approach to determine total lymphocyte concentrations of 6-thioguanine, methylmercaptopurine and methylthioguanine in humans. J Chromatogr 1991;571:149-56.
34. Dervieux T, Chu Y, Su Y, Pui CH, Evans WE, Relling MV. HPLC determination of thiopurine nucleosides and nucleotides in vivo in lymphoblasts following mercaptopurine therapy. Clin Chem 2002;48:61-8.
35. Warren DJ, Slordal L. A high-performance liquid chromatographic method for the determination of 6-thioguanine residues in DNA using precolumn derivatization and fluorescence detection. Anal Biochem 1993;215:278-83.
36. Su Y, Hon YY, Chu Y, Van de Poll ME, Relling MV. Assay of 6-mercaptopurine and its metabolites in patient plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography with diode-array detection. J Chromatogr B Biomed Sci Appl 1999;732:459-68.
37. Lin KT, Varin F, Rivard GE, Leclerc JM. Isolation of 6-mercaptopurine in human plasma by aluminum ion complexation for high-performance liquid chromatographic analysis. J Chromatogr 1991;536:349-55.
38. Andrews PA, Egorin MJ, May ME, Bachur NR. Reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography analysis of 6-thioguanine applicable to pharmacologic studies in humans. J Chromatogr 1982;227:83-91.
39. Dooley T, Maddocks JL. Assay of 6-thioguanine in human plasma. Br J Clin Pharmacol 1980;9:77-82.
40. Bruunshuus I, Schmiegelow K. Analysis of 6-mercaptopurine, 6-thioguanine nucleotides, and 6-thiouric acid in biological fluids by high-performance liquid chromatography. Scand J Clin Lab Invest 1989;49:779-84.
41. Lowry PW, Franklin CL, Weaver AL, Pike MG, Mays DC, Tremaine WJ, et al. Measurement of thiopurine methyltransferase activity and azathioprine metabolites in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Gut 2001;49:665-70.