Common misdiagnoses in lymphomas and avoidance strategies

The Lancet Oncology

Volumn 11, Issue 6, 2010, Pages 579-588

  Chan, John KC ^a   Kwong, Yok Lam ^b  

^a QUEEN ELIZABETH HOSPITAL   (Hong Kong)

^b QUEEN MARY HOSPITAL   (Hong Kong)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

BIOLOGICAL MARKER; CD20 ANTIGEN; CD3 ANTIGEN; IMMUNOGLOBULIN;

ANTIGEN EXPRESSION; AUTOIMMUNE LYMPHOPROLIFERATIVE SYNDROME; B CELL LYMPHOMA; BURKITT LYMPHOMA; CANCER CLASSIFICATION; CANCER DIAGNOSIS; CLINICAL FEATURE; CLONAL VARIATION; DIAGNOSTIC ERROR; FALSE NEGATIVE RESULT; GENE REARRANGEMENT; HODGKIN DISEASE; HUMAN; IMMUNOGLOBULIN G4 RELATED SCLEROSING DISEASE; IMMUNOPATHOLOGY; IMMUNOPHENOTYPING; INFARCTION; INFECTIOUS MONONUCLEOSIS; KIKUCHI DISEASE; LARGE CELL LYMPHOMA; LYMPHADENOPATHY; LYMPHOMA; MOLECULAR GENETICS; MORPHOLOGY; PANNICULITIS; POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; SENSITIVITY AND SPECIFICITY; T CELL LYMPHOMA;

ANTIGENS, CD20; ANTIGENS, CD3; DIAGNOSTIC ERRORS; FALSE NEGATIVE REACTIONS; GENE REARRANGEMENT; HUMANS; IMMUNOPHENOTYPING; LYMPHOMA; POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION;

EID: 77953538242     PISSN: 14702045     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S1470-2045(09)70351-1     Document Type: Review

References (74)

1. LaCasce AS, Kho ME, Friedberg JW, et al. Comparison of referring and final pathology for patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in the National Comprehensive Cancer Network. J Clin Oncol 2008, 26:5107-5112.
2. A clinical evaluation of the International Lymphoma Study Group classification of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. The Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma Classification Project. Blood 1997, 89:3909-3918. The Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma Classification Project.
3. Tsang WY, Chan JK, Ng CS Kikuchi's lymphadenitis. A morphologic analysis of 75 cases with special reference to unusual features. Am J Surg Pathol 1994, 18:219-231.
4. Chan JKC Tumors of the lymphoreticular system. Part A. The lymph node. Diagnostic Histopathology of Tumors 2007, 1139-1288. Churchill Livingstone Elsevier, Philadelphia. 2nd edn. C.D.M. Fletcher (Ed.).
5. Pileri SA, Facchetti F, Ascani S, et al. Myeloperoxidase expression by histiocytes in Kikuchi's and Kikuchi-like lymphadenopathy. Am J Pathol 2001, 159:915-924.
6. Childs CC, Parham DM, Berard CW Infectious mononucleosis. The spectrum of morphologic changes simulating lymphoma in lymph nodes and tonsils. Am J Surg Pathol 1987, 11:122-132.
7. Sneller MC, Wang J, Dale JK, et al. Clinical, immunologic, and genetic features of an autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome associated with abnormal lymphocyte apoptosis. Blood 1997, 89:1341-1348.
8. Worth A, Thrasher AJ, Gaspar HB Autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome: molecular basis of disease and clinical phenotype. Br J Haematol 2006, 133:124-140.
9. Holzelova E, Vonarbourg C, Stolzenberg MC, et al. Autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome with somatic Fas mutations. N Engl J Med 2004, 351:1409-1418.
10. Lim MS, Straus SE, Dale JK, et al. Pathological findings in human autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome. Am J Pathol 1998, 153:1541-1550.
11. Maric I, Pittaluga S, Dale JK, et al. Histologic features of sinus histiocytosis with massive lymphadenopathy in patients with autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome. Am J Surg Pathol 2005, 29:903-911.
12. Cheuk W, Chan JK Autoimmune pancreatitis: Prototype of IgG4-related sclerosing disease. Adv Anat Pathol 2007, 14:235-236.
13. Cheuk W, Chan AC, Lam WL, et al. IgG4-related sclerosing mastitis: description of a new member of the IgG4-related sclerosing diseases. Am J Surg Pathol 2009, 33:1058-1064.
14. Chan SK, Cheuk W, Chan KT, Chan JK IgG4-related sclerosing pachymeningitis: a previously unrecognized form of central nervous system involvement in IgG4-related sclerosing disease. Am J Surg Pathol 2009, 33:1249-1252.
15. Cheuk W, Yuen HK, Chan JK Chronic sclerosing dacryoadenitis: part of the spectrum of IgG4-related sclerosing disease?. Am J Surg Pathol 2007, 31:643-645.
16. Cheuk W, Yuen HK, Chu SY, Chiu EK, Lam LK, Chan JK Lymphadenopathy of IgG4-related sclerosing disease. Am J Surg Pathol 2008, 32:671-681.
17. Sato Y, Kojima M, Takata K, et al. Systemic IgG4-related lymphadenopathy: a clinical and pathologic comparison to multicentric Castleman's disease. Mod Pathol 2009, 22:589-599.
18. Chan JK Anaplastic large cell lymphoma: redefining its morphologic spectrum and importance of recognition of the ALK-positive subset. Adv Anat Pathol 1998, 5:281-313.
19. Delsol G, Falini B, Muller-Hermelink HK, et al. Anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL), ALK-positive. WHO classification of tumours of haematopoietic and lymphoid tissues 2008, 312-316. IARC, Lyon. 4th edn. S.H. Swerdlow, E. Campo, N.L. Harris (Eds.).
20. Cheuk W, Hill RW, Bacchi C, Dias MA, Chan JK Hypocellular anaplastic large cell lymphoma mimicking inflammatory lesions of lymph nodes. Am J Surg Pathol 2000, 24:1537-1543.
21. Chan JKC The perivascular cuff of large lymphoid cells: a clue to diagnosis of anaplastic large cell lymphoma. Int J Surg Pathol 2000, 8:153-156.
22. Mohrmann RL, Nathwani BN, Brynes RK, Sheibani K Hodgkin's disease occurring in monocytoid B-cell clusters. Am J Clin Pathol 1991, 95:802-808.
23. Variakojis D, Strum SB, Rappaport H The foamy macrophages in Hodgkin's disease. Arch Pathol 1972, 93:453-456.
24. Maurer R, Schmid U, Davies JD, Mahy NJ, Stansfeld AG, Lukes RJ Lymph-node infarction and malignant lymphoma: a multicentre survey of European, English and American cases. Histopathology 1986, 10:571-588.
25. Norton AJ, Ramsay AD, Isaacson PG Antigen preservation in infarcted lymphoid tissue. A novel approach to the infarcted lymph node using monoclonal antibodies effective in routinely processed tissues. Am J Surg Pathol 1988, 12:759-767.
26. Foss HD, Reusch R, Demel G, Lenz G, Anagnostopoulos I, Hummel M, Stein H Frequent expression of the B-cell specific activator protein in Reed-Sternberg cells of classical Hodgkin's disease provides further evidence for its B-cell origin. Blood 1999, 94:3108-3113.
27. Gaulard P, Harris NL, Pileri SA, et al. Primary mediastinal (thymic) large B-cell lymphoma. WHO Classification of Tumours of Haematopoietic and Lymphoid Tissues 2008, 250-251. IARC, Lyon. 4th edn. S.H. Swerdlow, E. Campo, N.L. Harris (Eds.).
28. Rosenwalk A, Wright G, Leroy K, et al. Molecular diagnosis of primary mediastinal B cell lymphoma identifies a clinically favorable subgroup of diffuse large B cell lymphoma related to Hodgkin lymphoma. J Exp Med 2003, 198:851-862.
29. Savage KJ, Monti S, Kutok JL, et al. The molecular signature of mediastinal large B-cell lymphoma differs from that of other diffuse large B-cell lymphomas and shares features with classical Hodgkin lymphoma. Blood 2003, 102:3871-3879.
30. Jaffe ES, Stein H, Swerdlow SH, Campo E, Pileri SA, Harris NL B-cell lymphoma, unclassifiable, with features intermediate between diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and classical Hodgkin lymphoma. WHO classification of tumours of haematopoietic and lymphoid tissues 2008, 267-268. IARC, Lyon. 4th edn. S.H. Swerdlow, E. Campo, N.L. Harris (Eds.).
31. Poppema S, Kluiver JL, Atayar C, et al. Report: workshop on mediastinal grey zone lymphoma. Eur J Haematol Suppl 2005, 66:45-52.
32. Swerdlow SH, Berger F, Pileri SA, Harris NL, Jaffe ES, Stein H Lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma. WHO classification of tumours of haematopoietic and lymphoid tissues 2008, 194-195. IARC, Lyon. 4th edn. S.H. Swerdlow, E. Campo, N.L. Harris (Eds.).
33. Stein H, Harris NL, Campo E Plasmablastic lymphoma. WHO classification of tumours of haematopoietic and lymphoid tissues 2008, 256-257. IARC, Lyon. 4th edn. S.H. Swerdlow, E. Campo, N.L. Harris (Eds.).
34. Delecluse HJ, Anagnostopoulos I, Dallenbach F, et al. Plasmablastic lymphomas of the oral cavity: a new entity associated with the human immunodeficiency virus infection. Blood 1997, 89:1413-1420.
35. Dagan R, Morris CG, Kirwan J, Mendenhall WM Solitary plasmacytoma. Am J Clin Oncol 2009, 32:612-617.
36. Leoncini L, Raphael M, Stein H, Harris NL, Jaffe ES, Kluin PM Burkitt lymphoma. WHO classification of tumours of haematopoietic and lymphoid tissues 2008, 262-264. IARC, Lyon. 4th edn. S.H. Swerdlow, E. Campo, N.L. Harris (Eds.).
37. Hummel M, Bentink S, Berger H, et al. A biologic definition of Burkitt's lymphoma from transcriptional and genomic profiling. N Engl J Med 2006, 354:2419-2430. on behalf of the Molecular Mechanisms in Malignant Lymphomas Network Project of the Deutsche Krebshilfe.
38. Dave SS, Fu K, Wright GW, et al. Molecular diagnosis of Burkitt's lymphoma. N Engl J Med 2006, 354:2431-2442. on behalf of the Lymphoma/Leukemia Molecular Profiling Project.
39. Haralambieva E, Boerma EJ, van Imhoff GW, et al. Clinical, immunophenotypic, and genetic analysis of adult lymphomas with morphologic features of Burkitt lymphoma. Am J Surg Pathol 2005, 29:1086-1094.
40. McClure RF, Remstein ED, Macon WR, et al. Adult B-cell lymphomas with Burkitt-like morphology are phenotypically and genotypically heterogeneous with aggressive clinical behavior. Am J Surg Pathol 2005, 29:1652-1660.
41. Kluin PM, Harris NL, Stein H, et al. B-cell lymphoma, unclassifiable, with features intermediate between diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and Burkitt lymphoma. WHO classification of tumours of haematopoietic and lymphoid tissues 2008, 265-266. IARC, Lyon. 4th edn. S.H. Swerdlow, E. Campo, N.L. Harris (Eds.).
42. Johnson NA, Savage KJ, Ludkovski O, et al. Lymphomas with concurrent BCL2 and MYC translocations: the critical factors associated with survival. Blood 2009, 114:2273-2279.
43. Dogan A, Gaulard P, Jaffe ES, Ralfkiaer E, Muller-Hermelink HK Angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma. WHO classification of tumours of haematopoietic and lymphoid tissues 2008, 309-311. IARC, Lyon. 4th edn. S.H. Swerdlow, E. Campo, N.L. Harris (Eds.).
44. Attygalle AD, Kyriakou C, Dupuis J, et al. Histologic evolution of angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma in consecutive biopsies: clinical correlation and insights into natural history and disease progression. Am J Surg Pathol 2007, 31:1077-1088.
45. Chan JK Peripheral T-cell and NK-cell neoplasms: an integrated approach to diagnosis. Mod Pathol 1999, 12:177-199.
46. Attygalle AD, Kyriakou C, Dupuis J, et al. Histologic evolution of angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma in consecutive biopsies: clinical correlation and insights into natural history and disease progression. Am J Surg Pathol 2007, 31:1077-1088.
47. Atttgakke A, Al-Jehani R, Diss TC, et al. Neoplastic T cells in angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma express CD10. Blood 2002, 99:627-633.
48. Jaffe ES, Gaulard P, Ralfkiaer E, Cerroni L, Meijer CJLM Subcutaneous panniculitis-like T-cell lymphoma. WHO classification of tumours of haematopoietic and lymphoid tissues 2008, 294-295. IARC, Lyon. 4th edn. S.H. Swerdlow, E. Campo, N.L. Harris (Eds.).
49. Willemze R, Jansen PM, Cerroni L, et al. Subcutaneous panniculitis-like T-cell lymphoma: definition, classification, and prognostic factors: an EORTC Cutaneous Lymphoma Group Study of 83 cases. Blood 2008, 111:838-845. on behalf of the EORTC Cutaneous Lymphoma Group.
50. Tedder TF, Engel P CD20: a regulator of cell-cycle progression of B lymphocytes. Immunol Today 1994, 15:450-454.
51. Rahemtullah A, Longtine JA, Harris NL, et al. CD20+ T-cell lymphoma: clinicopathologic analysis of 9 cases and a review of the literature. Am J Surg Pathol 2008, 32:1593-1607.
52. Went P, Agostinelli C, Gallamini A, et al. Marker expression in peripheral T-cell lymphoma: a proposed clinical-pathologic prognostic score. J Clin Oncol 2006, 24:2472-2479.
53. Chan JK, Quintanilla-Martinez L, Ferry JA, et al. WHO classification of tumours of haematopoietic and lymphoid tissues 2008, 285-288. IARC, Lyon. 4th edn.
54. Hasserjian RP, Harris NL NK-cell lymphomas and leukemias: a spectrum of tumors with variable manifestations and immunophenotype. Am J Clin Pathol 2007, 127:860-868.
55. Hiraga J, Tomita A, Sugimoto T, et al. Down-regulation of CD20 expression in B-cell lymphoma cells after treatment with rituximab-containing combination chemotherapies: its prevalence and clinical significance. Blood 2009, 113:4885-4893.
56. Petitjean B, Jardin F, Joly B, et al. Pyothorax-associated lymphoma: a peculiar clinicopathologic entity derived from B cells at late stage of differentiation and with occasional aberrant dual B- and T-cell phenotype. Am J Surg Pathol 2002, 26:724-732.
57. Hollingsworth HC, Stetler-Stevenson M, Gagneten D, Kingma DW, Raffeld M, Jaffe ES Immunodeficiency-associated malignant lymphoma. Three cases showing genotypic evidence of both T- and B-cell lineages. Am J Surg Pathol 1994, 18:1092-1101.
58. Beaty MW, Kumar S, Sorbara L, Miller K, Raffeld M, Jaffe ES A biphenotypic human herpesvirus 8-associated primary bowel lymphoma. Am J Surg Pathol 1999, 23:992-994.
59. Wang J, Chen C, Lau S, et al. CD3-positive large B-cell lymphoma. Am J Surg Pathol 2009, 33:505-512.
60. Rüdiger T, Weisenburger DD, Anderson JR, et al. Peripheral T-cell lymphoma (excluding anaplastic large-cell lymphoma): results from the Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma Classification Project. Ann Oncol 2002, 13:140-149. on behalf of the Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma Classification Project.
61. Au WY, Ma SY, Chim CS, et al. Clinicopathologic features and treatment outcome of mature T-cell and natural killer-cell lymphomas diagnosed according to the World Health Organization classification schemeL a single center experience of 10 years. Ann Oncol 2005, 16:206-214.
62. Houreih MA, Eyden BP, Reeve N, Sankar Banerjee S Aberrant leukocyte common antigen expression in metastatic small cell lung carcinoma: a rare finding and a potential diagnostic pitfall. Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol 2007, 15:236-238.
63. McDonnell JM, Beschorner WE, Kuhajda FP, et al. Common leukocyte antigen staining of a primitive sarcoma. Cancer 1987, 59:1438-1441.
64. Torlakovic E, Torlakovic G, Nguyen PL, Brunning RD, Delabie J The value of anti-pax-5 immunostaining in routinely fixed and paraffin-embedded sections: a novel pan pre-B and B-cell marker. Am J Surg Pathol 2002, 26:1343-1350.
65. Yao X, Teruya-Feldstein J, Raffeld M, Sorbara L, Jaffe ES Peripheral T-cell lymphoma with aberrant expression of CD79a and CD20: a diagnostic pitfall. Mod Pathol 2001, 14:105-110.
66. Blakolmer K, Vesely M, Kummer JA, Jurecka W, Mannhalter C, Chott A Immunoreactivity of B-cell markers (CD79a, L26) in rare cases of extranodal cytotoxic peripheral T- (NK/T-) cell lymphomas. Mod Pathol 2000, 13:766-772.
67. Kwong YL Natural killer-cell malignancies: diagnosis and treatment. Leukemia 2005, 19:2186-2194.
68. van Krieken JH, Langerak AW, Macintyre EA, et al. Improved reliability of lymphoma diagnostics via PCR-based clonality testing: report of the BIOMED-2 Concerted Action BHM4-CT98-3936. Leukemia 2007, 21:201-206.
69. Kwong YL Predicting the outcome in non-Hodgkin lymphoma with molecular markers. Br J Haematol 2007, 137:273-287.
70. Evans PA, Pott Ch, Groenen PJ, et al. Significantly improved PCR-based clonality testing in B-cell malignancies by use of multiple immunoglobulin gene targets. Report of the BIOMED-2 Concerted Action BHM4-CT98-3936. Leukemia 2007, 21:207-214.
71. Brüggemann M, White H, Gaulard P, et al. Powerful strategy for polymerase chain reaction-based clonality assessment in T-cell malignancies. Report of the BIOMED-2 Concerted Action BHM4 CT98-3936. Leukemia 2007, 21:215-221.
72. Langerak AW, Molina TJ, Lavender FL, et al. Polymerase chain reaction-based clonality testing in tissue samples with reactive lymphoproliferations: usefulness and pitfalls. A report of the BIOMED-2 Concerted Action BMH4-CT98-3936. Leukemia 2007, 21:222-229.
73. Böer A, Tirumalae R, Bresch M, Falk TM Psuedoclonality in cutaneous pseudolymphomas: a pitfall in interpretation of rearrangement studies. Br J Dermatol 2008, 159:394-402.
74. Iijima T, Inadome Y, Noguchi M Clonal proliferation of B lymphocytes in the germinal centers of human reactive lymph nodes: possibility of overdiagnosis of B cell clonal proliferation. Diagn Mol Pathol 2000, 9:132-136.