Review for disease of the year: Immunopathogenesis of ocular sarcoidosis

Ocular Immunology and Inflammation

Volumn 18, Issue 3, 2010, Pages 143-151

  Chan, Anita S Y ^a,b,c   Sharma, Om P ^a   Rao, Narsing A ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^b SINGAPORE NATIONAL EYE CENTRE   (Singapore)

^c SINGAPORE EYE RESEARCH INSTITUTE   (Singapore)

Author keywords

Granuloma; Immunology; Pathology; Sarcoidosis; T cells

Indexed keywords

ADALIMUMAB; CASPASE RECRUITMENT DOMAIN PROTEIN 15; CHEMOKINE RECEPTOR; CYTOTOXIC T LYMPHOCYTE ANTIGEN 4; ETANERCEPT; HLA DR ANTIGEN; INFLIXIMAB; INTERLEUKIN 2 RECEPTOR; LYSOSOME ASSOCIATED MEMBRANE PROTEIN; T LYMPHOCYTE RECEPTOR; TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR;

ANTIGEN PRESENTING CELL; CELL FUNCTION; CELLULAR IMMUNITY; CLINICAL FEATURE; CLINICAL OBSERVATION; CYTOKINE PRODUCTION; DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS; DISEASE ASSOCIATION; DISEASE COURSE; DISEASE MARKER; EYE INFLAMMATION; GENETIC POLYMORPHISM; HEPATITIS C; HISTOPATHOLOGY; HUMAN; IMMUNOGENETICS; IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY; IMMUNOPATHOGENESIS; LYMPHOCYTE COUNT; MACROPHAGE ACTIVATION; MYCOBACTERIOSIS; NONHUMAN; PROPIONIBACTERIUM ACNES; PROTEIN FUNCTION; REVIEW; SARCOIDOSIS; T LYMPHOCYTE ACTIVATION;

CYTOKINES; EYE DISEASES; HUMANS; IMMUNITY, CELLULAR; SARCOIDOSIS; T-LYMPHOCYTES, REGULATORY; TH1 CELLS;

EID: 77952863419     PISSN: 09273948     EISSN: 17445078     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3109/09273948.2010.481772     Document Type: Review

References (92)

1. Herbort CP, Rao NA, Mochizuki M. International criteria for the diagnosis of ocular sarcoidosis: results of the first International Workshop On Ocular Sarcoidosis (IWOS). Ocul Immunol Inflamm. 2009;17(3):160-169.
2. Usui Y, Kaiser ED, See RF, Rao NA, Sharma OP. Update of ocular manifestations in sarcoidosis. Sarcoidosis Vasc Diffuse Lung Dis. 2002;19(3):167-175.
3. Hunninghake GW. Bronchoalveolar T lymphocytes and pulmonary sarcoidosis. Clin Rev Allergy. 1985;3(2):227-234.
4. Hunninghake GW, Crystal RG. Pulmonary sarcoidosis: a disorder mediated by excess helper T-lymphocyte activity at sites of disease activity. N Engl J Med. 1981;305(8):429-434.
5. Zissel G, Prasse A, Muller-Quernheim J. Sarcoidosis-immunopathogenetic concepts. Semin Respir Crit Care Med. 2007;28(1):3-14.
6. Agostini C, Meneghin A, Semenzato G. T-lymphocytes and cytokines in sarcoidosis. Curr Opin Pulm Med. 2002;8(5): 435-440.
7. Muller-Quernheim J. Sarcoidosis: immunopathogenetic concepts and their clinical application. Eur Respir J. 1998;12(3):716-738.
8. Van Gundy K, Sharma OP. Pathogenesis of sarcoidosis. West J Med. 1987;147(2):168-174.
9. Ma Y, Gal A, Koss MN. The pathology of pulmonary sarcoidosis: update. Semin Diagn Pathol. 2007;24(3):150-161.
10. Rosen Y. Pathology of sarcoidosis. Semin Respir Crit Care Med. 2007;28(1):36-52.
11. Sheffield EA. Pathology of sarcoidosis. Clin Chest Med. 1997;18(4):741-754.
12. Gal AA, Koss MN. The pathology of sarcoidosis. Curr Opin Pulm Med. 2002;8(5):445-451.
13. Chan CC, Wetzig RP, Palestine AG, Kuwabara T, Nusenblatt RB. Immunohistopathology of ocular sarcoidosis: report of a case and discussion of immunopathogenesis. Arch Ophthalmol. 1987;105(10):1398-1402.
14. Angi MR, Forattini F, Chilosi M, Cipriani A, De Caro G, Semenzato G. Immunopathology of ocular sarcoidosis. Int Ophthalmol. 1990;14(1):1-11.
15. Chilosi M, Menestrina F, Capelli P, et al. Immunohistochemical analysis of sarcoid granulomas: evaluation of Ki67+ and interleukin-1+ cells. Am J Pathol. 1988;131(2):191-198.
16. Modlin RL, Hofman FM, Meyer PR, Sharma OP, Taylor CR, Rea TH. In situ demonstration of T lymphocyte subsets in granulomatous inflammation: leprosy, rhinoscleroma and sarcoidosis. Clin Exp Immunol. 1983;51(3):430-438.
17. Semenzato G, Bortoli M, Agostini C. Applied clinical immunology in sarcoidosis. Curr Opin Pulm Med. 2002;8(5):441-444.
18. Winterbauer RH, Lammert J, Selland M, Wu R, Corley D, Springmeyer SC. Bronchoalveolar lavage cell populations in the diagnosis of sarcoidosis. Chest. 1993;104(2):352-361.
19. Planck A, Eklund A, Grunewald J. Inflammatory BAL-fluid and serum parameters in HLA DR17 positive vs. DR17 negative patients with pulmonary sarcoidosis. Sarcoidosis Vasc Diffuse Lung Dis. 2001;18(1):64-69.
20. Miyara M, Amoura Z, Parizot C, et al. The immune paradox of sarcoidosis and regulatory T cells. J Exp Med. 2006;203(2):359-370.
21. Gerke AK, Hunninghake G. The immunology of sarcoidosis. Clin Chest Med. 2008;29(3):379-390, vii.
22. Grunewald J, Eklund A. Role of CD4+ T cells in sarcoidosis. Proc Am Thorac Soc. 2007;4(5):461-464.
23. Noor A, Knox KS. Immunopathogenesis of sarcoidosis. Clin Dermatol. 2007;25(3):250-258.
24. Morris DG, Jasmer RM, Huang L, Gotway MB, Nishimura S, King TE, Jr. Sarcoidosis following HIV infection: evidence for CD4+ lymphocyte dependence. Chest. 2003;124(3): 929-935.
25. Du Bois RM, Kirby M, Balbi B, Saltini C, Crystal RG. T-lymphocytes that accumulate in the lung in sarcoidosis have evidence of recent stimulation of the T-cell antigen receptor. Am Rev Respir Dis. 1992;145(5):1205-1211.
26. Katchar K, Eklund A, Grunewald J. Expression of Th1 markers by lung accumulated T cells in pulmonary sarcoidosis. J Intern Med. 2003;254(6):564-571.
27. Agostini C, Semenzato G. Cytokines in sarcoidosis. Semin Respir Infect. 1998;13(3):184-196.
28. Agostini C, Trentin L, Facco M, et al. Role of IL-15, IL-2, and their receptors in the development of T cell alveolitis in pulmonary sarcoidosis. J Immunol. 1996;157(2):910-918.
29. Wahlstrom J, Katchar K, Wigzell H, Olerup O, Eklund A, Grunewald J. Analysis of intracellular cytokines in CD4+ and CD8+ lung and blood T cells in sarcoidosis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2001;163(1):115-121.
30. Muller-Quernheim J, Pfeifer S, Kienast K, Zissel G. Spontaneous interleukin 2 release of bronchoalveolar lavage cells in sarcoidosis is a codeterminator of prognosis. Lung. 1996;174(4):243-253.
31. Moller DR. T-cell receptor genes in sarcoidosis. Sarcoidosis Vasc Diffuse Lung Dis. 1998;15(2):158-164.
32. Grunewald J, Wahlstrom J, Berlin M, Wigzell H, Eklund A, Olerup O. Lung restricted T cell receptor AV2S3+ CD4+ T cell expansions in sarcoidosis patients with a shared HLADRbeta chain conformation. Thorax. 2002;57(4):348-352.
33. Katchar K, Wahlstrom J, Eklund A, Grunewald J. Highly activated T-cell receptor AV2S3(+) CD4(+) lung T-cell expansions in pulmonary sarcoidosis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2001;163(7):1540-1545.
34. Moller DR, Konishi K, Kirby M, Balbi B, Crystal RG. Bias toward use of a specific T cell receptor beta-chain variable region in a subgroup of individuals with sarcoidosis. J Clin Invest. 1988;82(4):1183-1191.
35. Zissel G, Baumer I, Fleischer B, Schlaak M, Muller- Quernheim J. TCR V beta families in T cell clones from sarcoid lung parenchyma, BAL, and blood. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1997;156(5):1593-1600.
36. Grunewald J, Olerup O, Persson U, Ohrn MB, Wigzell H, Eklund A. T-cell receptor variable region gene usage by CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and peripheral blood of sarcoidosis patients. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1994;91(11):4965-4969.
37. Klein JT, Horn TD, Forman JD, Silver RF, Teirstein AS, Moller DR. Selection of oligoclonal V beta-specific T cells in the intradermal response to Kveim-Siltzbach reagent in individuals with sarcoidosis. J Immunol. 1995;154(3):1450-1460.
38. Grunewald J, Berlin M, Olerup O, Eklund A. Lung T-helper cells expressing T-cell receptor AV2S3 associate with clinical features of pulmonary sarcoidosis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2000;161(3 Pt 1):814-818.
39. Idali F, Wiken M, Wahlstrom J, et al. Reduced Th1 response in the lungs of HLA-DRB1*0301 patients with pulmonary sarcoidosis. Eur Respir J. 2006;27(3):451-459.
40. Ziegenhagen MW, Benner UK, Zissel G, Zabel P, Schlaak M, Muller-Quernheim J. Sarcoidosis: TNF-alpha release from alveolar macrophages and serum level of sIL-2R are prognostic markers. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1997;156(5): 1586-1592.
41. Muller-Quernheim J, Kronke M, Strausz J, Schykowski M, Ferlinz R. Interleukin-2 receptor gene expression by bronchoalveolar lavage lymphocytes in pulmonary sarcoidosis. Am Rev Respir Dis. 1989;140(1):82-88.
42. Ziegenhagen MW, Rothe ME, Schlaak M, Muller-Quernheim J. Bronchoalveolar and serological parameters reflecting the severity of sarcoidosis. Eur Respir J. 2003;21(3):407-413.
43. Tang Q, Henriksen KJ, Boden EK, et al. Cutting edge: CD28 controls peripheral homeostasis of CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells. J Immunol. 2003;171(7):3348-3352.
44. Wahlstrom J, Berlin M, Skold CM, Wigzell H, Eklund A, Grunewald J. Phenotypic analysis of lymphocytes and monocytes/macrophages in peripheral blood and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from patients with pulmonary sarcoidosis. Thorax. 1999;54(4):339-346.
45. Lamprecht P, Moosig F, Csernok E, et al. CD28 negative T cells are enriched in granulomatous lesions of the respiratory tract in Wegener's granulomatosis. Thorax. 2001;56(10): 751-757.
46. Pawlik A, Ostanek L, Brzosko I, et al. The expansion of CD4+CD28+ T cells in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Res Ther. 2003;5(4):R210-R213.
47. Hattori N, Niimi T, Sato S, et al. Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 gene polymorphisms in sarcoidosis patients. Sarcoidosis Vasc Diffuse Lung Dis. 2005;22(1):27-32.
48. Hong S, Wilson MT, Serizawa I, et al. The natural killer T-cell ligand alpha-galactosylceramide prevents autoimmune diabetes in non-obese diabetic mice. Nat Med. 2001;7(9): 1052-1056.
49. Ho LP, Urban BC, Thickett DR, Davies RJ, McMichael AJ. Deficiency of a subset of T-cells with immunoregulatory properties in sarcoidosis. Lancet. 2005;365(9464):1062-1072.
50. Mizuki M, Eklund A, Grunewald J. Altered expression of natural killer cell inhibitory receptors (KIRs) on T cells in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and peripheral blood of sarcoidosis patients. Sarcoidosis Vasc Diffuse Lung Dis. 2000;17(1):54-59.
51. Kobayashi S, Kaneko Y, Seino K, et al. Impaired IFN-gamma production of Valpha24 NKT cells in non-remitting sarcoidosis. Int Immunol. 2004;16(2):215-222.
52. Ziegenhagen MW, Rothe ME, Zissel G, Muller-Quernheim J. Exaggerated TNFalpha release of alveolar macrophages in corticosteroid resistant sarcoidosis. Sarcoidosis Vasc Diffuse Lung Dis. 2002;19(3):185-190.
53. Fehrenbach H, Zissel G, Goldmann T, et al. Alveolar macrophages are the main source for tumour necrosis factor-alpha in patients with sarcoidosis. Eur Respir J. 2003;21:421-428.
54. Ishioka S, Saito T, Hiyama K, et al. Increased expression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-6, platelet-derived growth factor-B and granulocyte-macrophage colony- stimulating factor mRNA in cells of bronchoalveolar lavage fluids from patients with sarcoidosis. Sarcoidosis Vasc Diffuse Lung Dis. 1996;13(2):139-145.
55. Dai H, Guzman J, Chen B, Costabel U. Production of soluble tumor necrosis factor receptors and tumor necrosis factoralpha by alveolar macrophages in sarcoidosis and extrinsic allergic alveolitis. Chest. 2005;127(1):251-256.
56. Kieszko R, Krawczyk P, Chocholska S, et al. Tumor necrosis factor receptors (TNFRs) on T lymphocytes and soluble TNFRs in different clinical courses of sarcoidosis. Respir Med. 2007;101(3):645-654.
57. Hino T, Nakamura H, Shibata Y, Abe S, Kato S, Tomoike H. Elevated levels of type II soluble tumor necrosis factor receptors in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluids of patients with sarcoidosis. Lung. 1997;175(3):187-193.
58. Yamaguchi E, Itoh A, Hizawa N, Kawakami Y. The gene polymorphism of tumor necrosis factor-beta, but not that of tumor necrosis factor-alpha, is associated with the prognosis of sarcoidosis. Chest. 2001;119(3):753-761.
59. Pandey JP, Frederick M. TNF-alpha, IL1-beta, and immunoglobulin (GM and KM) gene polymorphisms in sarcoidosis. Hum Immunol. 2002;63(6):485-491.
60. Antoniu SA. Targeting the TNF-alpha pathway in sarcoidosis. Expert Opin Ther Targets. 2010;14(1):21-29.
61. Agostini C, Facco M, Chilosi M, Semenzato G. Alveolar macrophage-T cell interactions during Th1-type sarcoid inflammation. Microsc Res Tech. 2001;53(4):278-287.
62. Zissel G, Baumer I, Schlaak M, Muller-Quernheim J. In vitro release of interleukin-15 by broncho-alveolar lavage cells and peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients with different lung diseases. Eur Cytokine Netw. 2000;11(1):105-112.
63. Moller DR, Forman JD, Liu MC, et al. Enhanced expression of IL-12 associated with Th1 cytokine profiles in active pulmonary sarcoidosis. J Immunol. 1996;156(12):4952-4960.
64. Greene CM, Meachery G, Taggart CC, et al. Role of IL-18 in CD4+ T lymphocyte activation in sarcoidosis. J Immunol. 2000;165(8):4718-4724.
65. Kelly DM, Greene CM, Meachery G, et al. Endotoxin upregulates interleukin-18: potential role for gram-negative colonization in sarcoidosis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2005;172(10):1299-1307.
66. Nureki S, Miyazaki E, Ando M, et al. Circulating levels of both Th1 and Th2 chemokines are elevated in patients with sarcoidosis. Respir Med. 2008;102(2):239-247.
67. Agostini C, Cassatella M, Zambello R, et al. Involvement of the IP-10 chemokine in sarcoid granulomatous reactions. J Immunol. 1998;161(11):6413-6420.
68. Ziegenhagen MW, Schrum S, Zissel G, Zipfel PF, Schlaak M, Muller-Quernheim J. Increased expression of proinflammatory chemokines in bronchoalveolar lavage cells of patients with progressing idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and sarcoidosis. J Invest Med. 1998;46(5):223-231.
69. Salmeri FM, Sofo V, Ando FG, et al. Imbalance of serum cytokine network in sarcoid patients: index of sarcoidosis relapse? Sarcoidosis Vasc Diffuse Lung Dis. 2003;20(1): 53-61.
70. Ota M, Amakawa R, Uehira K, et al. Involvement of dendritic cells in sarcoidosis. Thorax. 2004;59(5):408-413.
71. Zaba LC, Smith GP, Sanchez M, Prystowsky SD. Dendritic cells in the pathogenesis of sarcoidosis. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol. 2010;42(1):32-39.
72. Shaw PA, Fletcher A. Counts of S-100 positive epidermal dendritic cells in Kveim test skin biopsies. Histopathology. 1991;18(2):149-153.
73. Oliver SJ, Kikuchi T, Krueger JG, Kaplan G. Thalidomide induces granuloma differentiation in sarcoid skin lesions associated with disease improvement. Clin Immunol. 2002;102(3):225-236.
74. Spiteri MA, Clarke SW, Poulter LW. Alveolar macrophages that suppress T-cell responses may be crucial to the pathogenetic outcome of pulmonary sarcoidosis. Eur Respir J. 1992;5(4):394-403.
75. Demedts IK, Brusselle GG, Vermaelen KY, Pauwels RA. Identification and characterization of human pulmonary dendritic cells. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol. 2005;32(3): 177-184.
76. Mermigkis C, Polychronopoulos V, Mermigkis D, et al. Overexpression of bcl-2 protein in bronchoalveolar lavage lymphocytes and macrophages in sarcoidosis. Respiration. 2006;73(2):221-226.
77. Kunitake R, Kuwano K, Miyazaki H, Hagimoto N, Nomoto Y, Hara N. Apoptosis in the course of granulomatous inflammation in pulmonary sarcoidosis. Eur Respir J. 1999;13(6):1329-1337.
78. Song Z, Marzilli L, Greenlee BM, et al. Mycobacterial catalase- peroxidase is a tissue antigen and target of the adaptive immune response in systemic sarcoidosis. J Exp Med. 2005;201(5):755-767.
79. Chen ES, Wahlstrom J, Song Z, et al. T cell responses to mycobacterial catalase-peroxidase profile a pathogenic antigen in systemic sarcoidosis. J Immunol. 2008;181(12): 8784-8796.
80. Yi ES, Lee H, Suh YK, et al. Experimental extrinsic allergic alveolitis and pulmonary angiitis induced by intratracheal or intravenous challenge with Corynebacterium parvum in sensitized rats. Am J Pathol. 1996;149(4):1303-1312.
81. Ishige I, Usui Y, Takemura T, Eishi Y. Quantitative PCR of mycobacterial and propionibacterial DNA in lymph nodes of Japanese patients with sarcoidosis. Lancet. 1999;354(9173):120-123.
82. Eishi Y, Suga M, Ishige I, et al. Quantitative analysis of mycobacterial and propionibacterial DNA in lymph nodes of Japanese and European patients with sarcoidosis. J Clin Microbiol. 2002;40(1):198-204.
83. Ramos-Casals M, Mana J, Nardi N, et al. Sarcoidosis in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus infection: analysis of 68 cases. Medicine (Baltimore). 2005;84(2):69-80. (Pubitemid 40418635)
84. Moller DR, Chen ES. What causes sarcoidosis? Curr Opin Pulm Med. 2002;8(5):429-434.
85. Mrazek F, Holla LI, Hutyrova B, et al. Association of tumour necrosis factor-alpha, lymphotoxin-alpha and HLA-DRB1 gene polymorphisms with Lofgren's syndrome in Czech patients with sarcoidosis. Tissue Antigens. 2005;65(2): 163-171.
86. Seitzer U, Swider C, Stuber F, et al. Tumour necrosis factor alpha promoter gene polymorphism in sarcoidosis. Cytokine. 1997;9(10):787-790.
87. Grutters JC, Sato H, Pantelidis P, et al. Increased frequency of the uncommon tumor necrosis factor -857T allele in British and Dutch patients with sarcoidosis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2002;165(8):1119-1124.
88. Li Y, Wollnik B, Pabst S, et al. BTNL2 gene variant and sarcoidosis. Thorax. 2006;61(3):273-274.
89. Rybicki BA, Walewski JL, Maliarik MJ, Kian H, Iannuzzi MC. The BTNL2 gene and sarcoidosis susceptibility in African Americans and Whites. Am J Hum Genet. 2005;77(3): 491-499.
90. Rose CD, Doyle TM, McIlvain-Simpson G, et al. Blau syndrome mutation of CARD15/NOD2 in sporadic early onset granulomatous arthritis. J Rheumatol. 2005;32(2):373-375.
91. Grunewald J. Genetics of sarcoidosis. Curr Opin Pulm Med. 2008;14(5):434-439.
92. Iannuzzi MC. Genetics of sarcoidosis. Semin Respir Crit Care Med. 2007;28(1):15-21.