Biochemical and molecular identification

Root-knot Nematodes

Volumn , Issue , 2009, Pages 98-118

  Blok, Vivian C ^a   Powers, Thomas O ^b  

^a SCOTTISH CROP RESEARCH INSTITUTE   (United Kingdom)

^b UNIVERSITY OF NEBRASKA LINCOLN   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 77952650888     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: None     Document Type: Chapter

References (139)

1. Abad, P., Gouzy, J., Aury, J.-M. et al. (2008) Genome sequence of the metazoan plant-parasitic nematode Meloidogyne incognita. Nature Biotechnology 26, 909-915.
2. Adam, M.A.M., Phillips, M.S. and Blok, V.C. (2005) Identification of Meloidogyne spp. from north east Libya and comparison of their inter- and intro-specific genetic variation using RAPDs. Nematology 7, 599-609.
3. Adam, M.A.M., Phillips, M.S. and Blok, V.C. (2007) Molecular diagnostic key for identification for single juveniles of seven common and economically important species of root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne spp.). Plant Pathology 56, 190-197.
4. Baojun, Y., Kaiji, H., Hui, C. and Weisheng, Z. (1990). A new species of root-knot nematode Meloidogyne jianyangensis n. sp. parasitizing mandarin orange. Acta Phytopathologica Sinica 20, 259-264.
5. Baum, T.J., Lewis, S.A. and Dean, R.A. (1994) Isolation, characterization and application of DNA probes specific to Meloidogyne arenaria. Phytopathology 84, 489-494.
6. Bergé, J.-B. and Dalmasso, A. (1975) Biochemical characteristics of several populations of Meloidogyne hapla and Meloidogyne spp. Cahiers O.R.S.T.O.M. Serie Biologie, Nematologie 10, 263-271.
7. Berry, S.D., Fargette, M., Spaull, V.W., Morand, S. and Cadet, P. (2008) Detection and qunatification of rootknot nematode (Meloidogyne javanica), lesion nematode (Pratylenchus zeae) and adagger nematode (Xiphinema elongatum) parasites of sugarcane using real-time PCR. Molecular and Cellular Probes 22, 168-176.
8. Blok, V.C., Phillips, M.S. and Fargette, M. (1997a) Comparison of sequences from the ribosomal DNA intergenic region of Meloidogyne mayaguensis and other major tropical root knot nematodes. Journal of Nematology 29, 16-22.
9. Blok, V.C., Phillips, M.S., McNicol, J.W. and Fargette, M. (1997b) Genetic variation in tropical Meloidogyne spp. as shown by RAPDs. Fundamental and Applied Nematology 20, 127-133.
10. Blok, V.C., Wishart, J., Fargette, M., Berthier, K. and Phillips, M.S. (2002) Mitochondrial differences distinguishing Meloidogyne mayaguensis from the major species of tropical root-knot nematodes. Nematology 4, 773-781.
11. Brito, J., Powers, T.O., Mullin, P.G., Inserra, R.N. and Dickson, D.W. (2004) Morphological and molecular characterisation of Meloidogyne mayaguensis isolates from Florida. Journal of Nematology 36, 232-240.
12. Brito, J.A., Kaur, R., Cetintas, R., Stanley, J.D., Mendes, M.L., McAvoy, E.J., Powers, T.O. and Dickson, D.W. (2008) Identification and isozyme characterization of Meloidogyne spp. infecting horticultural and agronomic crops, and weed plants in Florida. Nematology 10, 757-766.
13. Brown, W.M., George, M. Jr and Wison, A.C. (1979) Rapid evolution of animal mitochondrial DNA. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA 76, 1967-1971.
14. Carneiro, R.M.D.G., Almeida, M.R.A. and Carneiro, R.G. (1996a) Enzyme phenotypes of Brazilian populations of Meloidogyne spp. Fundamental and Applied Nematology 19, 555-560.
15. Carneiro, R.M.D.G., Carneiro, R.G., Abrantes, I.M.O., Santos, M.S.N.A. and Almeida, M.R.A. (1996b) Meloidogyne paranaensis n. sp. (Nemata: Meloidogynidae), a root-knot nematode parasitizing coffee in Brazil. Journal of Nematology 28, 177-189.
16. Carneiro, R.M.D.G., Almeida, M.R.A. and Quénéhervé, P. (2000) Enzyme phenotypes of Meloidogyne spp. populations. Nematology 2, 645-654.
17. Carneiro, R.M.D.G., Tigano, M.S., Randig, O., Almeida, M.R.A. and Sarah, J.L. (2004a) Identification and genetic diversity of Meloidogyne spp. (Tylenchida: Meloidogynidae) on coffee from Brazil, Central America and Hawaii. Nematology 6, 287-298.
18. Carneiro, R.M.D.G., Ritta, M., Almeida, A. and Gomes, A.C.M.M. (2004b) First record of Meloidogyne hispanica Hirschmann, 1986 on squash in state of Bahia, Brazil. Nematologia Brasileira 28, 215-218.
19. Carneiro, R.M.D.G., Almeido, M.R.A., Gomes, A.C.M.M. and Hernandez, A. (2005a) Meloidogyne izalcoensis n. sp. (Nematoda: Meloidogynidae), a root-knot nematode parasitizing coffee in El Salvador. Nematology 7, 819-832.
20. Carneiro, R.M.D.G., Randig, O., Almeida, M.R.A. and Gonçalves, W. (2005b) Identification and characterization of Meloidogyne species on coffee from São Paulo and Minas Gerais states of Brazil using esterase phenotypes and SCAR-PCR multiplex. Nematologia Brasileira 29, 233-241.
21. Carneiro, R.M.D.G., Almeida, M.R.A., Cofcewicz, E.T., Magunacelaya, J.C. and Aballay, E. (2007) Meloidogyne ethiopica, a major root-knot nematode parasitising Vitis vinifera and other crops in Chile. Nematology 9, 635-641.
22. Carneiro, R.M.D.G., Mendes, M. De L., Almeida, M.R.A., dos Santos, M.F.A., Gomes, A.C.M.M. and Karssen, G. (2008) Additional information on Meloidogyne inornata Lordello, 1056 (Tylenchida: Meloidogynidae) and its characterisation as a valid species. Nematology 10, 123-136.
23. Castagnone-Sereno, P. (2006) Genetic variability and adaptive evolution in parthenogenetic root-knot nematodes. Heredity 96, 282-289.
24. Castagnone-Sereno, P., Piotte, C., Abad, P., Bongiovanni, M. and Dalmasso, A. (1991) Isolation of a repeated DNA probe showing polymorphism among Meloidogyne incognita populations. Journal of Nematology 23, 316-320.
25. Castagnone-Sereno, P., Esparrago, G., Abad, P., Leroy, F. and Bongiovanni, M. (1995) Satellite DNA as a target for PCR-specific detection of the plant-parasitic nematode Meloidogyne hapla. Current Genetics 28, 566-570.
26. Castagnone-Sereno, P., Semblat, J.P., Leroy, F. and Abad, P. (1998) A new AluI satellite DNA family in the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne fallax: relationships with satellites from the sympatric species M. hapla and M. chitwoodi. Molecular Biology and Evolution 15, 1115-1122.
27. Castagnone-Sereno, P., Leroy, F., Bongiovanni, M., Zijlstra, C. and Abad, P. (1999) Specific diagnosis of two root-knot nematodes, Meloidogyne chitwoodi and M. fallax, with satellite DNA probes. Phytopathology 89, 380-384.
28. Castagnone-Sereno, P., Leroy, F. and Abad, P. (2000) Cloning and characterization of an extremely conserved satellite DNA family from the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne arenaria. Genome 43, 346-353.
29. Castillo, P., Vovlas, N., Subbotin, S. and Troccoli, A. (2003) A new root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne baetica n. sp. (Nematoda: Heteroderidae), parasitizing wild olive in southern Spain. Phytopathology 93, 1093-1102.
30. Castro, J.M D.C.E., De Lima, R.D. and Carneiro, R.M.D.G. (2003) Isoenzymatic variability in Brazilian populations of Meloidogyne spp. from soybean. Nematologia Brasileira 27, 1-12.
31. Cenis, J.L., Opperman, C.H. and Triantaphyllou, A.C. (1992) Cytogenetic, enzymatic and restriction fragment length polymorphism variation of Meloidogyne spp. from Spain. Phytopathology 82, 527-531.
32. Charchar, J.M., Eisenback, J.D. and Hirschmann, H. (1999) Meloidogyne petuniae n. sp. (Nemata: Meloidogynidae), a root-knot nematode parasitic on petunia in Brazil. Journal of Nematology 31, 81-91.
33. Chen, Q., Robertson, L., Jones, J.T., Blok, V.C., Phillips, M.S. and Brown, D.J.F. (2001) Capture of nematodes using antiserum and lectin-coated magnetised beads. Nematology 3, 593-601.
34. Chen, Y.F., Wu, J.Y., Hu, X.O. and Yu, S.F. (1998) Using PhastSystem for rapid identification of root-knot nematodes. Acta Phytopathology Sinica 28, 73-77.
35. Ciancio, A., Loffredo, A., Paradies, F., Turturo, C. and Sialer, M.F. (2005) Detection of Meloidogyne incognita and Pochonia chlamydosporia by fluorogenic molecular probes. EPPO Bulletin 35, 157-164.
36. Cofcewick, E.T., Carneiro, R.M.D., Randing, O., Chabrier, C. and Quénéhervé, P. (2005) Diversity of Meloidogyne spp. on Musa in Martinique, Guadeloup, and French Guiana. Journal of Nematology 37, 313-322.
37. Curran, J. and Webster, J.M. (1987) Identification of nematodes using restriction fragment length differences and species-specific DNA probes. Canadian Journal of Plant Pathology 9, 162-166.
38. Curran, J., Baillie, D.L. and Webster, J.M. (1985) Use of genomic DNA restriction fragment length differences to identify nematode species. Parasitology 90, 137-144.
39. Curran, J., McClure, M.A. and Webster, J.M. (1986) Genotypic differentiation of Meloidogyne populations by detection of restriction fragment length difference in total DNA. Journal of Nematology 18, 83-86.
40. Dalmasso, A. and Bergé, J.-B. (1978) Molecular polymorphism and phylogenetic relationship in some Meloidogyne spp.: application to the taxonomy of Meloidogyne. Journal of Nematology 10, 323-332.
41. Davies, K.G., Curtis, R.H. and Evans, K. (1996) Serologically based diagnostic and quantification tests for nematodes. Pesticide Science 47, 81-87.
42. De Waele, D. and Elsen, A. (2007) Challenges in tropical plant nematology. Annual Review of Phytopathology 45, 457-485.
43. Dong, K., Dean, R.A., Fortnum, B.A. and Lewis, S.A. (2001a) A species-specific DNA probe for the identification of Meloidogyne hapla. Nematropica 31, 17-23.
44. Dong, K., Dean, R.A., Fortnum, B.A. and Lewis, S.A. (2001b) Development of PCR primers to identify species of root-knot nematodes: Meloidogyne arenaria, M. hapla, M. incognita and M. javanica. Nematropica 31, 271-280.
45. Donn, S., Griffiths, B.S., Neilson, R. and Daniell, T.J. (2008) DNA extraction from soil nematodes for multisample community studies. Applied Soil Ecology 38, 20-26.
46. Eisenbeck, J.D., Bernard, E.C. and Schmitt, D.P. (1994) Description of the Kona coffee root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne konaensis n. sp. Journal of Nematology 26, 363-374.
47. Eisenback, J.D., Bernard, E.C., Starr, J.L., Lee, T.A. Jr and Tomaszewski, E.K. (2003) Meloidogyne haplanaria n. sp. (Nematoda: Meloidogynidae), a root-knot nematode parasitizing peanut in Texas. Journal of Nematology 35, 395-403.
48. Esbenshade, P.R. and Triantaphyllou, A.C. (1985) Use of enzyme phenotypes for identification of Meloidogyne species. Journal of Nematology 17, 6-20.
49. Esbenshade, P.R. and Triantaphyllou, A.C. (1987) Enzymatic relationships and evolution in the genus Meloidogyne (Nematoda: Tylenchida). Journal of Nematology 19, 8-18.
50. Esbenshade, P.R. and Triantaphyllou, A.C. (1990) Isozyme phenotypes for the identification of Meloidogyne species. Journal of Nematology 22, 10-15.
51. Fargette, M. (1978) Use of the esterase phenotype in the taxonomy of the genus Meloidogyne. 2. Esterase phenotypes observed in West African populations and their characterisation. Revue de Nématologie 10, 45-56.
52. Fargette, M. and Braaksma, R. (1990) Use of the esterase phenotype in taxonomy of the genus Meloidogyne. 3. A study of some 'B' race lines and their taxonomic position. Revue de Nématologie 13, 375-386.
53. Fargette, M., Phillips, M.S., Blok, V.C., Waugh, R. and Trudgill, D.L. (1996) An RFLP study of relationships between species, populations and resistance-breaking lines of tropical species of Meloidogyne. Fundamental and Applied Nematology 19,193-200.
54. François, C., Kebdani, N., Barker, I., Tomlinson, J., Boonham, N. and Castagnone-Sereno, P. (2006) Towards specific diagnosis of plant-parasitic nematodes using DNA oligonucleotide microarray technology: a case study with the quarantine species Meloidogyne chitwoodi. Molecular and Cellular Probes 20, 64-69.
55. Gárate, T., Robinson, M.P., Chacón, M.R. and Parkhouse, R.M.E. (1991) Characterization of species and races of the genus Meloidogyne by DNA restriction enzyme analysis. Journal of Nematology 23, 414-420.
56. Hajibabaei, M., Singer, G.A.C., Hebert, P.D.N. and Hickey, D.A. (2007) DNA barcoding: how it complements taxonomy, molecular phylogenetics and population genetics. Trends in Genetics 23, 167-172.
57. Handoo, Z.A., Nyczepir, A.P., Esmenjaud, D., van der Beek, J.G., Castagnone-Sereno, P., Carta, L.K., Skantar, A.M. and Higgins, J.A. (2004) Morphological, molecular, and differential-host characterization of Meloidogyne floridensis n. sp. (Nematoda: Meloidogynidae), a root-knot nematode parasitizing peach in Florida. Journal of Nematology 36, 20-35.
58. Handoo, Z.A., Skantar, A.M., Carta, L.K. and Schmitt, D.P. (2005) Morphological and molecular evaluation of a Meloidogyne hapla population damaging coffee (Coffea arabica L.) in Maui, Hawaii. Journal of Nematology 37, 136-145.
59. Helder, J., Karssen, G., Van Den, E.S.J.J., Holterman, M.H.M., Veenhuizen, P.T.M., Landeweert, R., Hekman, H. and Bakker, J. (2008) Methods of detecting root knot nematodes. www.freepatentsonline. com/EP1878803.html (1/16/08).
60. Hernandez, A., Fargette, M. and Sarah, J.L. (2004) Characterisation of Meloidogyne spp. (Tylenchida: Meloidogynidae) from coffee plantations in Central America and Brazil. Nematology 6, 193-204.
61. Hervé, G., Bertand, B., Villain, L., Licardie, D. and Cilas, C. (2005) Distribution analyses of Meloidogyne spp. and Pratylenchus coffeae sensu lato in coffee plots in Costa Rica and Guatemala. Plant Pathology 54, 471-475.
62. Hiatt, E.E., Georgi, L., Huston, S., Harshman, D.C., Lewis, S.A. and Abbott, A.G. (1995) Intra- and interpopulation genome variation in Meloidogyne arenaria. Journal of Nematology 27, 143-152.
63. Hirschmann, H. (1985) The genus Meloidogyne and morphological characters differentiating its species. In: Sasser, J.N. and Carter, C.C. (eds) An Advanced Treatise on Meloidogyne. Volume 1, Biology and Control. North Carolina State University Graphics, Raleigh, North Carolina, pp. 79-93.
64. Hu, M. and Gasser, R.B. (2006) Mitochondrial genomes of parasitic nematodes - progress and perspectives. Trends in Parasitology 22, 78-84.
65. Hugall, A., Moritz, C., Stanton, J. and Wolstenholme, D.R. (1994) Low, but strongly structured mitochondrial DNA diversity in root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne). Genetics 136, 903-912.
66. Hugall, A., Stanton, J. and Moritz, C. (1997) Evolution of the AT-rich mitochondrial DNA of the root knot nematode, Meloidogyne hapla. Molecular and Biological Evolution 14, 40-48.
67. Hugall, A., Stanton, J. and Moritz, C. (1999) Reticulate evolution and the origins of ribosomal internal transcribed spacer diversity in apomictic Meloidogyne. Molecular and Biological Evolution 16, 157-164.
68. Hyman, B.C. and Whipple, L.E. (1996) Application of mitochondrial DNA polymorphism to Meloidogyne molecular population biology. Journal of Nematology 20, 268-276.
69. Ibrahim, S.K. and Perry, R.N. (1992) Use of esterase patterns of females and galled roots for the identification of species of Meloidogyne. Fundamental and Applied Nematology 16, 187-190.
70. Ibrahim, S.K., Davies, K.G. and Perry, R.N. (1996) Identification of the root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita, using monoclonal antibodies raised to non-specific esterases, Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology 49, 79-88.
71. Janati A., Bergé, J.-B., Triantaphyllou, A.C. and Dalmasso, A. (1982) Nouvelles données sur l'utilisation des isoestérases pour l'identification des Meloidogyne. Revue de Nématologie 5, 147-154.
72. Jepson, S.B. (1987) Identification of Root-knot Nematodes (Meloidogyne species). CAB International Publishing, Wallingford, UK.
73. Jeyaprakash, A., Tigano, M.S., Brito, J., Carneiro, R.M.D.G. and Dickson, D.W. (2006) Differentiation of Meloidogyne floridensis from M. arenaria using high-fidelity PCR amplified mitochondrial AT-rich sequences. Nematropica 36, 1-12.
74. Karssen, G. (2002) The Plant-parasitic Nematode Genus Meloidogyne Göldi, 1892 (Tylenchida) in Europe. Brill Academic Publishers, Leiden, The Netherlands.
75. Karssen, G. and van Hoenselaar, T. (1998) Revision of the genus Meloidogyne Göldi, 1892 (Nematoda: Heteroderidae) in Europe. Nematologica 44, 713-788.
76. Karssen, G., van Hoenselaar, T., Verkerk-Bakker, B. and Janssen, R. (1995) Species identification of cyst and root-knot nematodes from potato by electrophoresis of individual females. Electrophoresis 16,105-109.
77. Karssen, G., Bolk, R.J., van Aelst, A.C., van den Beld, I., Kox, L.F.F., Korthals, G., Molendijk, L., Zijlstra, C., van Hoof, R. and Cook, R. (2004) Description of Meloidogyne minor n. sp. (Nematoda: Meloidogynidae), a root-knot nematode associated with yellow patch disease in golf courses. Nematology 6, 59-72.
78. Landa, B.B., Palomares Rius, J.E., Vovlas, N., Carneiro, R.M.D.G., Maleita, C.M.N. and Abrantes, I.M. de O. (2008) Molecular characterization of Meloidogyne hispanica (Nematoda, Meloidogynidae) by phylogenetic analysis of genes within the rDNA in Meloidogyne spp. Plant Disease 92, 1104-1110.
79. Liao, J., Yang, W., Feng, Z. and Karssen, G. (2005). Description of Meloidogyne panyuensis sp. n. (Nematoda: Meloidogynidae), parasitic on peanut (Arachis hypogea L.) in China. Russian Journal of Nematology 13, 107-114.
80. Lima, I.M., Souza, R.M., Silva, C.P. and Carneiro, R.M.D.G. (2005) Meloidogyne spp. from preserved areas of Atlantic forest in the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Nematologia Brasileira 29, 31-38.
81. Lunt, D.H. (2008) Genetic tests of ancient asexuality in root knot nematodes reveal recent hybrid origins. BMC Evolutionary Biology 8, 194.
82. Lunt, D.H., Whipple, L.E. and Hyman, B.C. (2002) Mitochondrial DNA variable number tandem repeats (VNTRs): utility and problems in molecular ecology. Molecular Ecology 7, 1441-1455.
83. Medina, I.L., Gomes, C.B., Rossi, C. and Carneiro, R.M.D.G. (2007) Characterization and identification of root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) from fig (Ficus carica L.) trees in Rio Grande do Sul and São Paulo states of Brazil. Nematologia Brasileira 30, 179-187.
84. Meng, Q.-P., Long, H. and Xu, J.H. (2004) PCR assays for rapid and sensitive identification of three major root-knot nematodes, Meloidogyne incognita, M. javanica and M. arenaria. Acta Phytopathologcia Sinica 34, 204-210.
85. Meštrović, N., Randig, O., Abad, P., Plohl, M. and Castagnone-Sereno, P. (2005) Conserved and variable domains in satellite DNAs of mitotic parthenogenetic root-knot nematode species. Gene 362, 44-50.
86. Meštrović, N., Catagnone-Sereno, P. and Plohl, M (2006) High conservation of the differentially amplified MPA2 satellie DNA family in parthenogenetic root-knot nematodes. Gene 376, 260-267.
87. Molinari, S. (2001) Polymorphism of esterase isozyme zymograms of Meloidogyne populations detected by PhastSystem. Nematologica Mediterranea 29, 63-66.
88. Molinari, S., Lamberti, F., Crozzoli, R., Sharma, S.B. and Sánchez Portales, L. (2005) Isozyme patterns of exotic Meloidogyne spp. populations. Nematologia Mediterranea 33, 61-65.
89. Moritz, C. and Cicero, C. (2004) DNA barcoding: promise and pitfalls. PLoS Biology 10, 1529-1531.
90. Nieberding, C., Libois, R., Douady, C.J., Morand, S. and Michaux, J.R. (2005) Phylogeography of a nematode (Heligmosomoides polygyrus) in the Western Palearctic region: persistence of northern cryptic populations during ice ages? Molecular Ecology 14, 765-779.
91. Oka, Y., Karssen, G. and Mor, M. (2003) Identification, host range and infection process of Meloidogyne marylandi from turf grass in Israel. Nematology 5, 727-734.
92. Okimoto, R., Chamberlin, H.M., Macfarlane, J.L. and Wolstenholme, D.R. (1991) Repeated sequence sets in mitochondrial DNA molecules of root knot nematodes (Meloidogyne): nucleotide sequences genome location and potential for host-race identification. Nucleic Acids Research 19, 1619-1626.
93. Orui, Y. (1999) Species identification of Meloidogyne spp. (Nematoda: Meloidogynidae) in Japan by random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD-PCR). Japanese Journal of Nematology 29, 7-15.
94. Pais, C.S. and Abrantes, I.M. De O. (1989) Esterase and malate dehydrogenase phenotypes for identification of Meloidogyne species. Journal of Nematology 21, 342-346.
95. Palomares Rius, J.E., Volvas, N., Troccoli, A., Liébanas, G., Land, B.B. and Castillo, P. (2007) A new rootknot nematode parasitizing sea rocket from Spanish Mediterranean coastal dunes: Meloidogyne dunensis n. sp. (Nematoda: Meloidogynidae). Journal of Nematology 39, 190-202.
96. Peloquin, J.J., Bird, M.D., Kaloshian, I. and Matthews, C. (1993) Isolates of Meloidogyne hapla with distinct mitochondrial genomes. Journal of Nematology 25, 239-243.
97. Petersen, D.J., Zijlstra, C., Wishart, J., Blok, V. and Vrain, T.C. (1997) Specific probes efficiently distinguish root-knot nematode species using signature sequences in the ribosomal intergenic spacer. Fundamental and Applied Nematology 20, 619-626.
98. Piotte, C., Castagnone-Sereno, P., Uijthof, J., Abad, P., Bongiovanni, M. and Dalmasso, A. (1992) Molecular characterization of species and populations of Meloidogyne from various geographic origins with repeated-DNA homologous probes. Fundamental and Applied Nematology 15, 271-276.
99. Piotte, C., Castagnone-Sereno, P., Bongiovanni, M., Dalmasso, A. and Abad, P. (1994) Cloning and characterization of two satellite DNAs in the low-C-value genome of Meloidogyne spp. Gene 138,175-180.
100. Piotte, C., Castagnone-Sereno, P., Bongiovanni, M., Dalmasso, A. and Abad, P. (1995) Analysis of a satellite DNA from Meloidogyne hapla and its use as a diagnostic probe. Phytopathology 85, 458-462.
101. Powers, T. (2004) Nematode molecular diagnostics: from bands to barcodes. Annual Review of Phytopathology 42, 367-383.
102. Powers, T.O. and Harris, T.S. (1993) A polymerase chain reaction for the identification of five major Meloidogyne species. Journal of Nematology 25, 1-6.
103. Powers, T.O., Todd, T.C., Burnell, A.M., Murray, P.C.B., Fleming, C.C., Szalanski, A.L., Adams, B.A. and Harris, T.S. (1997) The rDNA internal transcribed spacer region as a taxonomic marker for nematodes. Journal of Nematology 29, 441-450.
104. Powers, T.O., Mullin, P.G., Harris, T.S., Sutton, L.A. and Higgins, R.S. (2005) Incorporating molecular identification of Meloidogyne spp. into large-scale regional nematode survey. Journal of Nematology 37, 226-235.
105. Rammah, A. and Hirschmann, H. (1988) Meloidogyne mayaguensis n. sp. (Meloidogynidae), a root-knot nematode from Puerto-Rico. Journal of Nematology 20, 65-68.
106. Rammah, A. and Hirschmann, H. (1990) Meloidogyne morocciensis n.sp. (Meloidogyninae), a root-knot nematode from Morocco. Jouranl of Nematology 22, 279-292.
107. Randig, O., Leroy, F., Bongiovanni, M. and Castagnone-Sereno, P. (2001) RAPD characterisation for single females of the root-knot nematodes, Meloidogyne spp. European Journal of Plant Pathology 107, 639-643.
108. Randig, O., Bongiovanni, M., Carneiro, R.M.D.G., Sarah, J.-L. and Castagnone-Sereno, P. (2002a) A species-specific satellite DNA family in the genome of the coffee root-knot nematode Meloidogyne exigua: application to molecular diagnostics of the parasite. Molecular Plant Pathology 3, 431-437.
109. Randig, O., Bongiovanni, M., Carneiro, R.M.D.G. and Castagnone-Sereno, P. (2002b) Genetic diversity of root-knot nematodes from Brazil and development of SCAR markers specific for the coffee-damaging species. Genome 45, 862-870.
110. Rubinoff, D. and Holland, B.S. (2005) Between two extremes: mitochondrial DNA is neither the panacea nor the nemesis of phylogenetic and taxonomic inference. Systematic Biology 54, 952-961.
111. Schmitz, B., Burgermeister, W. and Braasch, H. (1998) Molecular genetic classification of Central European Meloidogyne chitwoodi and M. fallax. Nachrichtenblatt des Deutschen Pflanzenschutzdienstes 50, 310-317.
112. Sipes, B.S., Schmitt, D.P., Xu, K. and Serracin, M. (2005) Esterase polymorphism in Meloidogyne konaensis. Journal of Nematology 37, 438-443.
113. Skantar, A.M. and Carta, L.K. (2005) Multiple displacement amplification (MDA) of total genomic DNA from Meloidogyne spp. and comparison to crude DNA extracts in PCR of ITS1, 28S D2-D3 rDNA and Hsp90. Nematology 7, 285-293.
114. Stanton, J.M., McNicol, C.D. and Steele, V. (1998) Non-manual lysis of second-stage Meloidogyne juveniles for identification of pure and mixed samples based on the polymerase chain reaction. Australian Plant Pathology 27, 112-115.
115. Stirling, G.R., Griffin, D., Ophel-Keller, K., McJay, A., Hartley, D., Curran, J., Stirling, A.M., Monsour, C., Winch, J. and Hardie, B. (2004) Combining an intial risk assessment process with DNA assays to improve prediction of soilborne diseases caused by root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne spp.) and Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici in the Queensland tomato industry. Australasian Plant Pathology 33, 285-293.
116. Szemes, M., Bonants, P., de Weerdt, M., Baner, J., Landegren, U. and Schoen, C.D. (2005) Diagnostic application of padlock probes - multiplex detection of plant pathogens using universal microarrays. Nucleic Acids Research 33, e70.
117. Tastet, C., Val, F., Lesage, M., Renault, L., Marché, L., Bossis, M. and Mugniéry, D. (2001) Application of a putative fatty-acid binding protein to discriminate serologically the two European quarantine root-knot nematodes, Meloidogyne chitwoodi and M. fallax, from other Meloidogyne species. European Journal of Plant Pathology 107, 821-832.
118. Tesarřová, B., Zouhar, M. and Ryšánek, P. (2003) Development of PCR for specific determination of rootknot nematode Meloidogyne incognita. Plant Protection Sciences 39, 23-28.
119. Tigano, M.S., Carneiro, R.M.D.G., Jeyaprakash, A., Dickson, D.W. and Adams, B.J. (2005) Phylogeny of Meloidogyne spp. based on 18S rDNA and the intergenic region of mitochondrial DNA sequences. Nematology 7, 851-862.
120. Tomaszewski, E.K., Khalil, M.A.M., El-Deeb, A.A., Powers, T.O. and Starr, J.L. (1994) Meloidogyne javanica parasitic on peanut. Journal of Nematology 26, 436-441.
121. Toyota, K., Shirakashi, T., Sato, E. and Wada, S. (2008) Development of a real-time PCR method for the potato-cyst nematode Globodera rostochiensis and the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita. Soil Science and Plant Nutrition 54, 72-76.
122. van der Beek, J.G. and Karssen, G. (1997) Interspecific hybridisation of meiotic parthenogenetic Meloidogyne chitwoodi and M. fallax. Phytopathology 87, 1061-1066.
123. van Doorn, R., Szemes, M., Bonants, P., Kowalchuk, G.A., Salles, J.F., Ortenberg, E. and Schoen, C.D. (2007) Quantitative multiplex detection of plant pathogens using a novel ligation probe-base system coupled with universal, high-throughput real-time PCR and OpenArrays. BMC Genomics 8, 276.
124. Vogler, A.P. and Monaghan, M.T. (2007) Recent advances in DNA taxonomy. Journal Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research 45, 1-10.
125. Vrain, T.C., Wakarchuk, D.A., Levesque, A.C. and Hamilton, R.L. (1992) Intraspecific rDNA restriction fragment length polymorphism in the Xiphinema americanum group. Fundamental and Applied Nematology 15, 563-573.
126. Williamson, V.M., Caswell Chen, E.P., Westerdahl, B.B., Wu, F.F. and Caryl, G. (1997) A PCR assay to identify and distinguish single juveniles of Meloidogyne hapla and M. chitwoodi. Journal of Nematology 29, 9-15.
127. Wishart, J., Phillips, M.S. and Blok, V.C. (2002) Ribosomal intergenic spacer: a PCR diagnostic for Meloidogyne chitwoodi, M. fallax and M. hapla. Phytopathology 92, 884-892.
128. Xu, J., Liu, P., Meng, Q. and Long, H. (2004) Characterisation of Meloidogyne species from China using isozyme phenotypes and amplified mitochondrial DNA restriction fragment length polymorphism. European Journal of Plant Protection 110, 309-315.
129. Xue B., Baillie D.L., Beckenbach, K. and Webster, J.M. (1992) DNA hybridisation probes for studying the affinities of three Meloidogyne populations. Fundamental and Applied Nematology 15, 35-41.
130. Yang, B. and Eisenback, J.D. (1983) Meloidogyne enterolobii n. sp. (Meloidogynidae), a root-knot nematode parasitizing pacara earpod tree in China. Journal of Nematology 15, 381-391.
131. Ye, W., Giblin-Davis, R.M., Braasch, H., Morris, K. and Thomas, W.K. (2007) Phylogenetic relationships among Bursaphelenchus species (Nematoda: Parasitaphelenchidae) inferred from nuclear ribosomal and mitochondrial DNA sequence data. Molecular and Phylogenetic Evolution 43, 1185-1197.
132. Zijlstra, C. (1997) A fast PCR assay to identify Meloidogyne hapla, M. chitwoodi and M. fallax and to sensitively differentiate them from each other and from M. incognita in mixtures. Fundamental and Applied Nematology 20, 505-511.
133. Zijlstra, C. (2000) Identification of Meloidogyne chitwoodi, M. fallax and M. hapla based on SCAR-PCR: a powerful way of enabling reliable identification of populations or individuals that share common traits. European Journal of Plant Pathology 106, 283-290.
134. Zijlstra, C. and van Hoof, R.A. (2006) A multiplex real-time polymerase chain reaction (TaqMan) assay for the simultaneous detection of Meloidogyne chitwoodi and M. fallax. Phytopathology 96, 1255-1262.
135. Zijlstra, C., Lever, A.E.M., Uenk, B.J. and van Sifhout, C.H. (1995) Differences between ITS regions of isolates of root-knot nematodes Meloidogyne hapla and M. chitwoodi. Phytopathology 85, 1231-1237.
136. Zijlstra, C., Uenk, B.J. and van Silfhout, C.H. (1997) A reliable, precise method to differentiate species of root-knot nematodes in mixtures on the basis of ITS-RFLPs. Fundamental and Applied Nematology 20, 59-63.
137. Zijlstra, C., Donkers-Venne, D.T.H.M. and Fargette, M. (2000) Identification of Meloidogyne incognita, M. javanica and M. arenaria using sequence characterised amplified region (SCAR) based PCR assays. Nematology 2, 847-853.
138. Zijlstra, C., van Hoof, R. and Donkers-Venne, D. (2004) A PCR test to detect the cereal root-knot nematode Meloidogyne naasi. European Journal of Plant Pathology 110, 855-860.
139. Zu, J., Liu, P., Meng, Q. and Long, H. (2004) Characterisation of Meloidogyne species from China using isozyme phenotypes and amplified mitochondrial DNA restriction fragment length polymorphism. European Journal of Plant Pathology 110, 309-315.