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Volumn 43, Issue 10, 2010, Pages 4733-4743

NEXAFS depth profiling of surface segregation in block copolymer thin films

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

BLOCK COPOLYMER FILMS; BLOCK COPOLYMER THIN FILMS; CARBON ATOMS; COMB-LIKE; COMPOSITIONAL DEPTH PROFILING; CONCENTRATION PROFILES; CONCENTRATION-DEPTH PROFILE; DEPTH RESOLUTION; DIBLOCK COPOLYMER; FLUOROALKYL GROUP; HIGH SURFACE ENERGY; HOMOPOLYMERS; LAMELLAR LAYERS; MICRO-DOMAINS; MICROPHASE SEPARATED; MICROPHASES; NEAR SURFACE REGIONS; NEXAFS SPECTROSCOPY; PHENYL GROUP; PHENYL RINGS; POLYSTYRENE BLOCK; RANDOM COPOLYMER; SIDE CHAINS; SPONTANEOUS FORMATION; STYRENIC MONOMERS; SURFACE COMPOSITIONS; SURFACE CONCENTRATION; SURFACE DEPLETION; SURFACE ENERGIES; SURFACE REGION; WATER INTERFACE; WATER SURFACE;

EID: 77952479565     PISSN: 00249297     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1021/ma902866x     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (43)

References (62)
  • 12
  • 33
    • 38149112537 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Zentel and coworkers have further investigated surface construction in a library of block copolymers with different functional side chains using contact angle measurements and AFM; cf
    • Zentel and coworkers have further investigated surface construction in a library of block copolymers with different functional side chains using contact angle measurements and AFM; cf.: Funk, L.; Brehmer, M.; Zentel, R.; Kang, H.; Char, K. Macromol. Chem. Phys. 2008, 209, 52-63
    • (2008) Macromol. Chem. Phys. , vol.209 , pp. 52-63
    • Funk, L.1    Brehmer, M.2    Zentel, R.3    Kang, H.4    Char, K.5
  • 34
    • 0004253121 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 3/mol where x and y are the average numbers of ethylene glycol and perfluoroethylene groups, respectively, in each monomer:, 2 nd ed.; Marcel Dekker: New York
    • 3/mol where x and y are the average numbers of ethylene glycol and perfluoroethylene groups, respectively, in each monomer: Bicerano, J. Prediction of Polymer Properties, 2 nd ed.; Marcel Dekker: New York, 1996.
    • (1996) Prediction of Polymer Properties
    • Bicerano, J.1
  • 35
    • 77952466646 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Specular reflection of the incident X-ray beam, by the sample onto the detector, occurs at an X-ray incidence angle of 72°. Although specular reflection is expected to affect only fluorescence yield measurements, we found that the electron yield was also affected. Hence, = 70° was not used in our analysis
    • Specular reflection of the incident X-ray beam, by the sample onto the detector, occurs at an X-ray incidence angle of 72°. Although specular reflection is expected to affect only fluorescence yield measurements, we found that the electron yield was also affected. Hence, = 70° was not used in our analysis.
  • 36
    • 0004237782 scopus 로고
    • Analysis of k-shell excitation spectra by curve fitting
    • Springer Series in Surface Science 25; Springer: New York
    • Stöhr, J. Analysis of K-shell excitation spectra by curve fitting. In NEXAFS Spectroscopy; Springer Series in Surface Science 25; Springer: New York, 1992; p 211.
    • (1992) NEXAFS Spectroscopy , pp. 211
    • Stöhr, J.1
  • 41
    • 0004237782 scopus 로고
    • The anglular dependence of resonance intensities
    • Springer Series in Surface Science 25; Springer: New York
    • Stöhr, J. The anglular dependence of resonance intensities. In NEXAFS Spectroscopy; Springer Series in Surface Science 25; Springer: New York, 1992; p 276.
    • (1992) NEXAFS Spectroscopy , pp. 276
    • Stöhr, J.1
  • 42
    • 77952514523 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • For thin films of perfluorinated polyether on graphite, Sohn et al. demonstrated that the depth variation of carbon atom density must be considered for accurate compositional depth profiling using NEXAFS (ref 43). However, the simplifying assumption of depth-invariant carbon atom density is believed to be satisfactory for comparison of surface compositions of the polymers used in the present study (cf. Supporting Information)
    • For thin films of perfluorinated polyether on graphite, Sohn et al. demonstrated that the depth variation of carbon atom density must be considered for accurate compositional depth profiling using NEXAFS (ref 43). However, the simplifying assumption of depth-invariant carbon atom density is believed to be satisfactory for comparison of surface compositions of the polymers used in the present study (cf. Supporting Information).
  • 44
    • 77952502035 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • note
    • C - C peak near 285.2 eV has contributions from carbon atoms of the phenyl rings in the PEGylated/fluorinated monomer, and in the copolymer, also from the phenyl ring carbon atoms of the styrene monomer.
  • 45
    • 77952472365 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • note
    • a vs - data, were found to be same as that of polystyrene phenyl ring carbon atoms.
  • 55
    • 77952473091 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • note
    • The PS block is also comparable in size to the PEGylated/fluorinated block. The average number of carbon atoms along the backbone of the PS block is about 102. The root mean-square end-to-end distance, and the radius of gyration, of a PS homopolymer of this length is 4.6 and 1.9 nm, respectively.
  • 56
    • 77952486823 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • note
    • Inelastic collision of an Auger electron results in a cascade of electrons produced by secondary electron emission processes. Most of these electrons have kinetic energies (KE) lower than the entrance grid bias of the detector (equal to ∼150 V), and are filtered off by the entrance grid. A small fraction of the inelastically scattered primary Auger electrons and the secondary electrons of the cascade, which have KE greater than 150 eV, can nevertheless get past the entrance grid and contribute to the partial electron yield. The fact that even some inelastically scattered electrons can contribute to the NEXAFS signal results in a higher probe-depth in NEXAFS depth-profiling than what can be achieved by detecting only unscattered electrons. The value electron escape depth has therefore been expected to be greater than IMFP, and a value of 1.95 nm has been reported for a perfluropolyether (Fomblin Z-03) thin film (cf. ref 43).
  • 57
    • 77952471211 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • note
    • b for the 'dry' copolymer surfaces because of surface segregation of the fluorinated side chains.
  • 58
    • 77952470071 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • note
    • b, which is expected to be equal to the stoichiometric number fraction of phenyl ring carbon atoms in the copolymer, is given by 6(n + m)/(8 n + 29 m).
  • 59
    • 77952476261 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • note
    • 2 = 1). The surface compositions determined using NEXAFS spectroscopy indicate that this equation is not applicable to the copolymer surfaces of the present study, at least in the form stated above, because of surface reconstruction during the measurement of the contact angles.


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.