Designing and testing software-defined radios

IEEE Microwave Magazine

Volumn 11, Issue 4, 2010, Pages 83-94

  Cruz, Pedro ^a   Carvalho, Nuno Borges ^a   Remley, Kate A ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF AVEIRO   (Portugal)

^b NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

COMMUNICATION STANDARDS; FOURTH GENERATION; FREQUENCY OF OPERATION; FRONT END; MULTI-BAND RADIO; MULTI-STANDARD; RADIO CONFIGURATIONS; SOFTWARE ALGORITHMS; SOFTWARE-DEFINED RADIOS; TESTING SOFTWARE; WIRELESS STANDARDS; WIRELESS TECHNOLOGIES;

FREQUENCY BANDS; RADIO RECEIVERS; STANDARDS;

COMPUTER SOFTWARE;

EID: 77952303342     PISSN: 15273342     EISSN: None     Source Type: Trade Journal    
DOI: 10.1109/MMM.2010.936493     Document Type: Article

References (52)

1. J. Mitola, "The software radio architecture," IEEE Commun. Mag., vol.33, no.5, pp. 26-38, May 1995.
2. J. Mitola and G. Q. Maguire, "Cognitive radio: Making software radios more personal," IEEE Pers. Commun., vol.6, no.4, pp. 13-18, Aug. 1999.
3. P. Cruz, and N. B. Carvalho, "PAPR evaluation in multi-mode SDR transceivers," in Proc. 38th European Microwave Conf., Amsterdam, Oct. 2008, pp. 1354-1357.
4. V. Giannini, J. Craninckx, and A. Baschirotto, Baseband Analog Circuits for Software Defined Radio. Netherlands: Springer-Verlag, 2008.
5. M. Puvaneswari and O. Sidek, "Wideband analog front-end for multi-standard software defined radio receiver," in Proc. IEEE Int. Symp. Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications, PIMRC, Sept. 2004, vol.3, pp. 1937-1941.
6. D. Lockie and D. Peck, "High-data-rate millimeter-wave radios," IEEE Microwave Mag., vol.10, no.5, pp. 75-83, Aug. 2009.
7. D. Brandon, D. Crook, and K. Gentile, "The advantages of using a quadrature digital upconverter in point-to-point microwave transmit systems," Analog Devices, Inc., Norwood, MA, App. Note AN- 0996, 2009.
8. A. A. Abidi, "The path to the software-defined radio receiver," IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits, vol.42, no.5, pp. 954-966, May 2007.
9. V. Giannini, P. Nuzzo, C. Soens, K. Vengattaramane, M. Steyaert, J. Ryckaert, M. Goffioul, B. Debaillie, J. Van Driessche, J. Craninckx, and M. Ingels, "A 2 mm2 0.1-to-5 GHz SDR receiver in 45 nm digital CMOS," in Proc. IEEE Int. Solid-State Circuits Conf., Feb. 2009, pp. 408-409.
10. J. Craninckx, M. Liu, D. Hauspie, V. Giannini, T. Kim, J. Lee, M. Libois, B. Debaillie, C. Soens, M. Ingels, A. Baschirotto, J. Van Driessche, L. V. der Perre, and P. Vanbekbergen, "A fully reconfigurable software-defined radio transceiver in 0.13 μm CMOS," in Proc. IEEE Int. Solid-State Circuits Conf., Feb. 2007, pp. 346-347.
11. M. Ingels, C. Soens, J. Craninckx, V. Giannini, T. Kim, B. Debaillie, M. Libois, M. Goffioul, and J. Van Driessche, "A CMOS 100 MHz to 6 GHz software defined radio analog front-end with integrated pre-power amplifier," in Proc. European Solid-State Circuits Conf., Sept. 2007, pp. 436-439.
12. R. Svitek and S. Raman, "DC offsets in direct-conversion receivers: Characterization and implications," IEEE Microwave Mag., vol.6, no.3, pp. 76-86, Sept. 2005.
13. J. Park, C. Lee, B. Kim, and J. Laskar, "Design and analysis of low flicker-noise CMOS mixers for direct-conversion receivers," IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech., vol.54, no.12, pp. 4372-4380, Dec. 2006.
14. A. M. Ismail and H. Olsson, "A wideband RF front-end for multiband multistandard high-linearity low-IF wireless receivers," IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits, vol.37, no.9, pp. 1162-1168, Sept. 2002. (Pubitemid 35032665)
15. R. Vaughan, N. Scott, and D. White, "The theory of bandpass sampling," IEEE Trans. Signal Processing, vol.39, no.9, pp. 1973-1984, Sept. 1991.
16. D. M. Akos, M. Stockmaster, J. B. Tsui, and J. Caschera, "Direct bandpass sampling of multiple distinct RF signals," IEEE Trans. Commun., vol.47, no.7, pp. 983-988, July 1999.
17. R.B. Staszewski, K. Muhammad, D. Leipold, C.-M. Hung, Y.-C. Ho, J.L. Wallberg, C. Fernando, K. Maggio, R. Staszewski, T. Jung, J. Koh, S. John, I.Y. Deng, V. Sarda, O. Moreira-Tamayo, V. Mayega, R. Katz, O. Friedman, O.E. Eliezer, E. de-Obaldia, and P.T. Balsara, "All-digital TX frequency synthesizer and discrete-time receiver for bluetooth radio in 130-nm CMOS," IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits, vol.39, no.12, pp. 2278-2291, Dec. 2004.
18. K. Muhammad, Y.-C. Ho, T. Mayhugh, C.M. Hung, T. Jung, I. Elahi, C. Lin, I.Y. Deng, C. Fernando, J.L. Wallberg, S. Vemulapalli, S. Larson, T. Murphy, D. Leipold, P. Cruise, J. Jaehnig, M.C. Lee, R.B. Staszewski, R. Staszewski, and K. Maggio, "A discrete time quadband GSM/GPRS receiver in a 90 nm digital CMOS process," in Proc. Custom IC Conf., San Jose, CA, Sept. 2005, pp. 804-807. (Pubitemid 46288350)
19. F. H. Raab, P. Asbeck, S. Cripps, P.B. Kenington, Z.B. Popovic, N. Pothecary, J.F. Sevic, and N.O. Sokal, "RF and microwave power amplifier and transmitter technologies-Part 3," High Freq. Electron., vol.2, no.5, pp. 34-46, Sept. 2003.
20. J. Kim, S. Kim, J. Shin, Y. Kim, J. Min, K. Kim, and H. Shin, "A CMOS direct conversion transmitter with integrated in-band harmonic suppression for IEEE 802.22 cognitive radio applications," in Proc. Custom IC Conf., San Jose, CA, Sept. 2008, pp. 603-606.
21. A. Loke and F. Ali, "Direct conversion radio for digital mobile phones-Design issues, status, and trends," IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech., vol.50, no.11, pp. 2422-2435, Nov. 2002. (Pubitemid 35369849)
22. B. Razavi, "Design considerations for direct-conversion receivers," IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. II, vol.44, no.6, pp. 428-435, June 1997.
23. S. C. Cripps, RF Power Amplifiers for Wireless Communications. Norwood, MA: Artech House, 1999.
24. P. B. Kennington, High Linearity RF Amplifier Design. Norwood, MA: Artech House, 2000.
25. R. Kahn, "Single sideband transmission by envelope elimination and restoration," Proc. IRE, vol.40, no.7, pp. 803-806, July 1952.
26. M. Iwamoto, A. Jayaraman, G. Hanington, P. F. Chen, A. Bellora, W. Thornton, L. E. Larson, and P. M. Asbeck, "Bandpass delta-sigma class-S amplifier," Electron. Lett., vol.36, no.12, pp. 1010-1012, June 2000.
27. M. Nielsen and T. Larsen, "A 2-GHz GaAs HBT RF pulsewidth modulator," IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech., vol.56, no.2, pp. 300-304, Feb. 2008.
28. M. Helaoui, S. Hatami, R. Negra, and F. Ghannouchi, "A novel architecture of delta-sigma modulator enabling all-digital multiband multistandard RF transmitters design," IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. II: Express Briefs, vol.55, no.11, pp. 1129-1133, Nov. 2008.
29. A. Jayaraman, P. F. Chen, G. Hanington, L. Larson, and P. Asbeck, "Linear high-efficiency microwave power amplifiers using bandpass delta-sigma modulators," IEEE Microwave Guided Wave Lett., vol.8, no.3, pp. 121-123, Mar. 1998.
30. I. Kim, Y. Woo, J. Kim, J. Moon, J. Kim, and B. Kim, "High- efficiency hybrid EER transmitter using optimized power amplifier," IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech., vol.56, no.11, pp. 2582-2593, Nov. 2008.
31. F. Wang, A. Hueiching, D. F. Kimball, L. E. Larson, and P. M. Asbeck, "Design of wide-bandwidth envelope-tracking power amplifiers for OFDM applications," IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech., vol.53, no.4, pp. 1244-1255, Apr. 2005.
32. M. Iwamoto, A. Williams, P. Chen, A. G. Metzger, L. E. Larson, and P. M. Asbeck, "An extended Doherty amplifier with high efficiency over a wide power range," IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech., vol.49, no.12, pp. 2472-2479, Dec. 2001. (Pubitemid 34055415)
33. Y. Yang, J. Cha, B. Shin, and B. Kim, "A fully matched N-way Doherty amplifier with optimized linearity," IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech., vol.51, no.3, pp. 986-993, Mar. 2003.
34. S. Moloudi, K. Takinami, M. Youssef, M. Mikhemar, and A. Abidi, "An outphasing power amplifier for a software-defined radio transmitter," in Proc. IEEE Int. Solid-State Circuits Conf., Feb. 2008, pp. 568-569.
35. "Debugging embedded mixed-signal designs using mixed signal oscilloscopes," Agilent Application Note no. 5989-3702EN, Agilent Technol., Inc., Santa Clara, CA, Mar. 2008. [Online]. Available: http://www.home.agilent. com/agilent/home.jspx
36. Rohde & Schwarz, Munich, "Software defined radios - overview and hardware (1)," The Rohde & Schwarz News Magazine, no.182, pp. 58-61, 2004. [Online]. Available: http://www2.rohde-schwarz. com/
37. Tektronix, Beaverton, OR, "Introduction to mixed signal test solutions," Tektronix Application Note no. 3GW-20213-20220, Sept. 15, 2006. [Online]. Available: http://www.tek.com/
38. Waveform Measurement and Analysis Technical Committee of the IEEE Instrumentation and Measurement Society, 1241 - 2000- IEEE Standard for Terminology and Test Methods for Analog-to-Digital Converters, IEEE Standard 1241-2000, June 13, 2001.
39. P. Cruz, N. B. Carvalho, K. A. Remley, and K. Gard, "Mixed analog-digital instrumentation for software defined radio characterization, " in IEEE MTT-S Int. Microwave Symp. Dig., Atlanta, GA, June 2008, pp. 253-256.
40. Agilent Technol., Inc., "Software defined radio measurement solutions," Agilent Technol., Inc., Santa Clara, CA, July 13, 2007.
41. "Software defined radio measurement solutions," Agilent Application Note no. 5989-6931EN, July 13, 2007.
42. Tektronix, "Testing modern radios," Tektronix Application Note no. 37W-21488-21491, Beaverton, OR, Nov. 12, 2007.
43. Tektronix, "Software defined radio testing using real-time signal analysis," Tektronix Application Note no. 37W-19680-19690, May 12, 2006.
44. D. F. Williams, T. S. Clement, P. D. Hale, and A. Dienstfrey, "Terminology for high-speed sampling-oscilloscope calibration," in ARFTG Conf. Dig., Dec. 2006, pp. 9-14.
45. K. A. Remley, "Multisine excitation for ACPR measurements," in IEEE MTT-S Int. Microwave Symp. Dig., June 2003, vol.3, pp. 2141- 2144.
46. J. C. Pedro and N. B. Carvalho, "Designing multisine excitations for nonlinear model testing," IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech., vol.53, no.1, pp. 45-54, Jan. 2005.
47. K. M. Gharaibeh, K. G. Gard, and M. B. Steer, "In-band distortion of multisines," IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech., vol.54, no.8, pp. 3227-3236, Aug. 2006.
48. R. Santos, N. B. Carvalho, and K. G. Gard, "Characterization of SNDR degradation in nonlinear wireless transmitters," Int. J. RF Microwave Comput.-Aided Eng., vol.19, no.4, pp. 470-480, July 2009.
49. P. Cruz, N. B. Carvalho, and K. A. Remley, "Evaluation of nonlinear distortion in ADCs using multisines," in IEEE MTT-S Int. Microwave Symp. Dig., Atlanta, GA, June 2008, pp. 1433-1436.
50. Local and Metropolitan Networks-Part 16: Air Interface for Fixed and Mobile Broadband Wireless Access Systems, IEEE 802.16e-2005, 2005.
51. J. S. Kenney and J.-H. Chen, "Power amplifier linearization and efficiency improvement techniques for commercial and military applications," in Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Microwaves, Radar and Wireless Communications, May 2006, pp. 3-8.
52. Y. E. Chen, L. Yang, and W. Yeh, "An integrated wideband power amplifier for cognitive radio," IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech., vol.55, no.10, pp. 2053-2058, Oct. 2007.