-
1
-
-
2542562742
-
Bispectral index monitoring to prevent awareness during anaesthesia: The B-Aware randomised controlled trial
-
Myles PS, Leslie K, McNeil J, et al. Bispectral index monitoring to prevent awareness during anaesthesia: the B-Aware randomised controlled trial. Lancet 2004; 363: 1757-1763.
-
(2004)
Lancet
, vol.363
, pp. 1757-1763
-
-
Myles, P.S.1
Leslie, K.2
McNeil, J.3
-
2
-
-
66149101716
-
Propofol concentration in • exhaled air and arterial plasma in mechanically ventilated patients undergoing cardiac surgery
-
Propofol can be measured in exhaled gas from the beginning until the end of propofol anaesthesia using gas chromatography mass spectrometry, although there is a time lag between plasma and expired gas concentrations
-
Grossherr M, Hengstenberg A, Meier T, et al. Propofol concentration in • exhaled air and arterial plasma in mechanically ventilated patients undergoing cardiac surgery. Br J Anaesth 2009; 102: 608-613. Propofol can be measured in exhaled gas from the beginning until the end of propofol anaesthesia using gas chromatography mass spectrometry, although there is a time lag between plasma and expired gas concentrations.
-
(2009)
Br. J. Anaesth.
, vol.102
, pp. 608-613
-
-
Grossherr, M.1
Hengstenberg, A.2
Meier, T.3
-
3
-
-
71749099575
-
Determination of serum propofol concentra-• tions by breath analysis using ion mobility spectrometry
-
An ion mobility spectrometer coupled to a multicapillary column for preseparation may be a suitable method to determine propofol concentrations in exhaled air, and may be used to predict propofol concentrations in serum
-
Perl T, Carstens E, Hirn A, et al. Determination of serum propofol concentra-• tions by breath analysis using ion mobility spectrometry. Br J Anaesth 2009; 103: 822-827. An ion mobility spectrometer coupled to a multicapillary column for preseparation may be a suitable method to determine propofol concentrations in exhaled air, and may be used to predict propofol concentrations in serum.
-
(2009)
Br. J. Anaesth.
, vol.103
, pp. 822-827
-
-
Perl, T.1
Carstens, E.2
Hirn, A.3
-
4
-
-
65349139444
-
Inhalational anesthesia vs. total intravenous anesthesia •• (TIVA) for pediatric anesthesia
-
This is a wonderful debate by two respected paediatric anaesthetic experts discussing the pros and cons of the two anaesthesia techniques
-
Lerman J, Johr M. Inhalational anesthesia vs. total intravenous anesthesia •• (TIVA) for pediatric anesthesia. Paediatr Anaesth 2009; 19: 521-534. This is a wonderful debate by two respected paediatric anaesthetic experts discussing the pros and cons of the two anaesthesia techniques.
-
(2009)
Paediatr. Anaesth.
, vol.19
, pp. 521-534
-
-
Lerman, J.1
Johr, M.2
-
5
-
-
41349116390
-
The relationship between bispectral •• index and propofol during target-controlled infusion anesthesia: A comparative study between children and young adults
-
50 4.0 vs. 3.3 mg/l. The measured propofol concentration in children was lower than that estimated by the Kataria model bias 2.6 mg/l. The authors conclude a cerebral pharmacodynamic feedback, such as BIS, may be useful in children
-
50 4.0 vs. 3.3 mg/l). The measured propofol concentration in children was lower than that estimated by the Kataria model (bias 2.6 mg/l). The authors conclude a cerebral pharmacodynamic feedback, such as BIS, may be useful in children.
-
(2008)
Anesth. Analg.
, vol.106
, pp. 1109-1116
-
-
Rigouzzo, A.1
Girault, L.2
Louvet, N.3
-
6
-
-
34547678533
-
Closed-loop administration of propofol and remifentanil guided by the Bispectral Index in patient requiring an emergency lung volume reduction
-
Liu N, Bourgeois E, Chazot T, et al. Closed-loop administration of propofol and remifentanil guided by the Bispectral Index in patient requiring an emergency lung volume reduction. Paediatr Anaesth 2007; 17: 909-910.
-
(2007)
Paediatr. Anaesth.
, vol.17
, pp. 909-910
-
-
Liu, N.1
Bourgeois, E.2
Chazot, T.3
-
7
-
-
0023903555
-
Induction and maintenance of propofol anaesthesia. A manual infusion scheme
-
Roberts FL, Dixon J, Lewis GT, et al. Induction and maintenance of propofol anaesthesia. A manual infusion scheme. Anaesthesia 1988; 43 (Suppl) : 14-17.
-
(1988)
Anaesthesia
, vol.43
, Issue.SUPPL.
, pp. 14-17
-
-
Roberts, F.L.1
Dixon, J.2
Lewis, G.T.3
-
8
-
-
0032928203
-
The use of propofol infusions in paediatric anaesthesia: A practical guide
-
McFarlan CS, Anderson BJ, Short TG. The use of propofol infusions in paediatric anaesthesia: a practical guide. Paediatr Anaesth 1999; 9: 209-216.
-
(1999)
Paediatr. Anaesth.
, vol.9
, pp. 209-216
-
-
McFarlan, C.S.1
Anderson, B.J.2
Short, T.G.3
-
9
-
-
0028057553
-
The pharmacokinetics of propofol in children using three different data analysis approaches
-
Kataria BK, Ved SA, Nicodemus HF, et al. The pharmacokinetics of propofol in children using three different data analysis approaches. Anesthesiology 1994; 80: 104-122.
-
(1994)
Anesthesiology
, vol.80
, pp. 104-122
-
-
Kataria, B.K.1
Ved, S.A.2
Nicodemus, H.F.3
-
10
-
-
61349194496
-
Anesthetic management using total intra-• venous anesthesia with remifentanil in a child with osteogenesis imperfecta
-
This is an example of TIVA using propofol and remifentanil in a child with osteogenesis imperfecta. TIVA was used to avoid temperature irregularities associated with inhalational anaesthesia
-
Ogawa S, Okutani R, Suehiro K. Anesthetic management using total intra-• venous anesthesia with remifentanil in a child with osteogenesis imperfecta. J Anesth 2009; 23: 123-125. This is an example of TIVA using propofol and remifentanil in a child with osteogenesis imperfecta. TIVA was used to avoid temperature irregularities associated with inhalational anaesthesia.
-
(2009)
J. Anesth.
, vol.23
, pp. 123-125
-
-
Ogawa, S.1
Okutani, R.2
Suehiro, K.3
-
11
-
-
0025908613
-
Pharmacokinetic model driven infusion of propofol in children
-
Marsh B, White M, Morton N, Kenny GN. Pharmacokinetic model driven infusion of propofol in children. Br J Anaesth 1991; 67: 41-48.
-
(1991)
Br. J. Anaesth.
, vol.67
, pp. 41-48
-
-
Marsh, B.1
White, M.2
Morton, N.3
Kenny, G.N.4
-
12
-
-
0023605241
-
Disposition of propofol administered as constant rate intravenous infusions in humans
-
Gepts E, Camu F, Cockshott ID, Douglas EJ. Disposition of propofol administered as constant rate intravenous infusions in humans. Anesth Analg 1987; 66: 1256-1263.
-
(1987)
Anesth. Analg.
, vol.66
, pp. 1256-1263
-
-
Gepts, E.1
Camu, F.2
Cockshott, I.D.3
Douglas, E.J.4
-
13
-
-
0141962420
-
Accuracy of the 'Paedfusor' in children undergoing cardiac surgery or catheterization
-
Absalom A, Amutike D, Lal A, et al. Accuracy of the 'Paedfusor' in children undergoing cardiac surgery or catheterization. Br J Anaesth 2003; 91: 507-513.
-
(2003)
Br. J. Anaesth.
, vol.91
, pp. 507-513
-
-
Absalom, A.1
Amutike, D.2
Lal, A.3
-
14
-
-
0036412629
-
Target controlled infusion of propofol for induction and maintenance of anaesthesia using the paedfusor: An open pilot study
-
Varveris DA, Morton NS. Target controlled infusion of propofol for induction and maintenance of anaesthesia using the paedfusor: an open pilot study. Paediatr Anaesth 2002; 12: 589-593.
-
(2002)
Paediatr. Anaesth.
, vol.12
, pp. 589-593
-
-
Varveris, D.A.1
Morton, N.S.2
-
15
-
-
0028285068
-
A prospective evaluation of pharmacokinetic model controlled infusion of propofol in paediatric patients
-
Short TG, Aun CS, Tan P, et al. A prospective evaluation of pharmacokinetic model controlled infusion of propofol in paediatric patients. Br J Anaesth 1994; 72: 302-306.
-
(1994)
Br. J. Anaesth.
, vol.72
, pp. 302-306
-
-
Short, T.G.1
Aun, C.S.2
Tan, P.3
-
16
-
-
17544387018
-
Population pharmacokinetics of propofol: A multicenter study
-
Schuttler J, Ihmsen H. Population pharmacokinetics of propofol: a multicenter study. Anesthesiology 2000; 92: 727-738.
-
(2000)
Anesthesiology
, vol.92
, pp. 727-738
-
-
Schuttler, J.1
Ihmsen, H.2
-
17
-
-
18744378263
-
Pharmacokinetics of propofol infusions in critically ill neonates, infants, and children in an intensive care unit
-
Rigby-Jones AE, Nolan JA, Priston MJ, et al. Pharmacokinetics of propofol infusions in critically ill neonates, infants, and children in an intensive care unit. Anesthesiology 2002; 97: 1393-1400.
-
(2002)
Anesthesiology
, vol.97
, pp. 1393-1400
-
-
Rigby-Jones, A.E.1
Nolan, J.A.2
Priston, M.J.3
-
18
-
-
0031955972
-
The influence of method of administration and covariates on the pharmacokinetics of propofol in adult volunteers
-
Schnider TW, Minto CF, Gambus PL, et al. The influence of method of administration and covariates on the pharmacokinetics of propofol in adult volunteers. Anesthesiology 1998; 88: 1170-1182.
-
(1998)
Anesthesiology
, vol.88
, pp. 1170-1182
-
-
Schnider, T.W.1
Minto, C.F.2
Gambus, P.L.3
-
19
-
-
7444234860
-
Recent advances in intravenous anaesthesia
-
Sneyd JR. Recent advances in intravenous anaesthesia. Br J Anaesth 2004; 93: 725-736.
-
(2004)
Br. J. Anaesth.
, vol.93
, pp. 725-736
-
-
Sneyd, J.R.1
-
20
-
-
34748836928
-
Maturational pharmacokinetics of single intravenous bolus of propofol
-
Allegaert K, de Hoon J, Verbesselt R, et al. Maturational pharmacokinetics of single intravenous bolus of propofol. Paediatr Anaesth 2007; 17: 1028-1034.
-
(2007)
Paediatr. Anaesth.
, vol.17
, pp. 1028-1034
-
-
Allegaert, K.1
De Hoon, J.2
Verbesselt, R.3
-
21
-
-
67649415182
-
Mechanistic basis of using body size and matura-• tion to predict clearance in humans
-
The authors discuss the major covariates causing drug pharmacokinetic variability in children: size, maturation and organ function. Allometric size theory and the use of age to describe maturation are reviewed
-
Anderson BJ, Holford NH. Mechanistic basis of using body size and matura-• tion to predict clearance in humans. Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2009; 24: 25-36. The authors discuss the major covariates causing drug pharmacokinetic variability in children: size, maturation and organ function. Allometric size theory and the use of age to describe maturation are reviewed.
-
(2009)
Drug Metab. Pharmacokinet
, vol.24
, pp. 25-36
-
-
Anderson, B.J.1
Holford, N.H.2
-
22
-
-
77249173383
-
Pediatric models for adult target-controlled infusion pumps
-
••, Much pharmacokinetic parameter variability in children is attributable to size and age. Application of allometric theory and maturation models applied to propofol and remifentanil reduce this variability. These models could be incorporated into TCI pumps for paediatric TIVA once drug maturation is characterized
-
Anderson BJ. Pediatric models for adult target-controlled infusion pumps. •• Paediatr Anaesth 2010; 20: 223-232. Much pharmacokinetic parameter variability in children is attributable to size and age. Application of allometric theory and maturation models applied to propofol and remifentanil reduce this variability. These models could be incorporated into TCI pumps for paediatric TIVA once drug maturation is characterized.
-
(2010)
Paediatr. Anaesth.
, vol.20
, pp. 223-232
-
-
Anderson, B.J.1
-
23
-
-
38449118819
-
Inter-individual variability in propofol pharmacokinetics in preterm and term neonates
-
Allegaert K, Peeters MY, Verbesselt R, et al. Inter-individual variability in propofol pharmacokinetics in preterm and term neonates. Br J Anaesth 2007; 99: 864-870.
-
(2007)
Br. J. Anaesth.
, vol.99
, pp. 864-870
-
-
Allegaert, K.1
Peeters, M.Y.2
Verbesselt, R.3
-
24
-
-
0031030419
-
Influence of age and gender on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of remifentanil. I. Model development
-
Minto CF, Schnider TW, Egan TD, et al. Influence of age and gender on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of remifentanil. I. Model development. Anesthesiology 1997; 86: 10-23.
-
(1997)
Anesthesiology
, vol.86
, pp. 10-23
-
-
Minto, C.F.1
Schnider, T.W.2
Egan, T.D.3
-
25
-
-
61749097987
-
Remifentanil in paediatric anaesthetic practice
-
•, The authors give a comprehensive review of the current use of remifentanil in paediatric practice
-
Marsh DF, Hodkinson B. Remifentanil in paediatric anaesthetic practice. • Anaesthesia 2009; 64: 301-308. The authors give a comprehensive review of the current use of remifentanil in paediatric practice.
-
(2009)
Anaesthesia
, vol.64
, pp. 301-308
-
-
Marsh, D.F.1
Hodkinson, B.2
-
26
-
-
0035204760
-
Pharmacokinetics of remifentanil in anesthetized pediatric patients undergoing elective surgery or diagnostic procedures
-
Ross AK, Davis PJ, Dear Gd GL, et al. Pharmacokinetics of remifentanil in anesthetized pediatric patients undergoing elective surgery or diagnostic procedures. Anesth Analg 2001; 93: 1393-1401.
-
(2001)
Anesth. Analg.
, vol.93
, pp. 1393-1401
-
-
Ross, A.K.1
Davis, P.J.2
Gd, G.L.D.3
-
27
-
-
34547857015
-
Remifentanil-midazolam sedation for paediatric patients receiving mechanical ventilation after cardiac surgery
-
Rigby-Jones AE, Priston MJ, Sneyd JR, et al. Remifentanil-midazolam sedation for paediatric patients receiving mechanical ventilation after cardiac surgery. Br J Anaesth 2007; 99: 252-261.
-
(2007)
Br. J. Anaesth.
, vol.99
, pp. 252-261
-
-
Rigby-Jones, A.E.1
Priston, M.J.2
Sneyd, J.R.3
-
28
-
-
0345035301
-
The effects of cardiopulmonary bypass on remifentanil kinetics in children undergoing atrial septal defect repair
-
Davis PJ, Wilson AS, Siewers RD, et al. The effects of cardiopulmonary bypass on remifentanil kinetics in children undergoing atrial septal defect repair. Anesth Analg 1999; 89: 904-908.
-
(1999)
Anesth. Analg.
, vol.89
, pp. 904-908
-
-
Davis, P.J.1
Wilson, A.S.2
Siewers, R.D.3
-
29
-
-
0029166628
-
Remifentanil pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. A preliminary appraisal
-
Egan TD. Remifentanil pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. A preliminary appraisal. Clin Pharmacokinet 1995; 29: 80-94.
-
(1995)
Clin. Pharmacokinet
, vol.29
, pp. 80-94
-
-
Egan, T.D.1
-
30
-
-
68849089501
-
Population pharmacokinetics of remifen-• tanil in infants and children undergoing cardiac surgery
-
Volume of distribution was increased during cardiopulmonary bypass by 2.41 times in children 0.5-4 years, suggesting a need for remifentanil dosage adjustments during this period
-
Sam WJ, Hammer GB, Drover DR. Population pharmacokinetics of remifen-• tanil in infants and children undergoing cardiac surgery. BMC Anesthesiol 2009; 9: 5. Volume of distribution was increased during cardiopulmonary bypass by 2.41 times in children 0.5-4 years, suggesting a need for remifentanil dosage adjustments during this period.
-
(2009)
BMC Anesthesiol
, vol.9
, pp. 5
-
-
Sam, W.J.1
Hammer, G.B.2
Drover, D.R.3
-
31
-
-
0034763724
-
The pharmacokinetics of remifentanil in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting with cardiopulmonary bypass
-
Michelsen LG, Holford NH, Lu W, et al. The pharmacokinetics of remifentanil in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting with cardiopulmonary bypass. Anesth Analg 2001; 93: 1100-1105.
-
(2001)
Anesth. Analg.
, vol.93
, pp. 1100-1105
-
-
Michelsen, L.G.1
Holford, N.H.2
Lu, W.3
-
32
-
-
1642341969
-
Mixed-effects modeling of the influence of alfentanil on propofol pharmacokinetics
-
Mertens MJ, Olofsen E, Burm AG, et al. Mixed-effects modeling of the influence of alfentanil on propofol pharmacokinetics. Anesthesiology 2004; 100: 795-805.
-
(2004)
Anesthesiology
, vol.100
, pp. 795-805
-
-
Mertens, M.J.1
Olofsen, E.2
Burm, A.G.3
-
33
-
-
65349151923
-
Mixed-effects modeling of the influence • of midazolam on propofol pharmacokinetics
-
Midazolam reduces the metabolic and rapid and slow distribution clearances of propofol in adults. In addition, a reduction in mean arterial blood pressure is associated with propofol pharmacokinetic alterations that increase the blood propofol concentration
-
Vuyk J, Lichtenbelt BJ, Olofsen E, et al. Mixed-effects modeling of the influence • of midazolam on propofol pharmacokinetics. Anesth Analg 2009; 108: 1522-1530. Midazolam reduces the metabolic and rapid and slow distribution clearances of propofol in adults. In addition, a reduction in mean arterial blood pressure is associated with propofol pharmacokinetic alterations that increase the blood propofol concentration.
-
(2009)
Anesth. Analg.
, vol.108
, pp. 1522-1530
-
-
Vuyk, J.1
Lichtenbelt, B.J.2
Olofsen, E.3
-
34
-
-
67849094331
-
Practical use of the raw electro-• encephalogram waveform during general anesthesia: The art and science
-
The authors describe the typical EEG features of adequate general anaesthesia, effects of noxious stimulation, and adjunctive drugs. They stress that any discrepancy must be a stimulus for the immediate critical examination of the patient's state using all the available information rather than reactive therapy to 'treat' a number
-
Bennett C, Voss LJ, Barnard JP, Sleigh JW. Practical use of the raw electro-• encephalogram waveform during general anesthesia: the art and science. Anesth Analg 2009; 109: 539-550. The authors describe the typical EEG features of adequate general anaesthesia, effects of noxious stimulation, and adjunctive drugs. They stress that any discrepancy must be a stimulus for the immediate critical examination of the patient's state using all the available information rather than reactive therapy to 'treat' a number.
-
(2009)
Anesth. Analg.
, vol.109
, pp. 539-550
-
-
Bennett, C.1
Voss, L.J.2
Barnard, J.P.3
Sleigh, J.W.4
-
35
-
-
37249022944
-
The electroencephalograph during • anesthesia and emergence in infants and children
-
The EEG in infants during anaesthesia is fundamentally different from the EEG in older children. This study supports the need for specific infant-derived algorithms if EEG-derived anaesthesia depth monitors are to be used in infants
-
Davidson AJ, Sale SM, Wong C, et al. The electroencephalograph during • anesthesia and emergence in infants and children. Paediatr Anaesth 2008; 18: 60-70. The EEG in infants during anaesthesia is fundamentally different from the EEG in older children. This study supports the need for specific infant-derived algorithms if EEG-derived anaesthesia depth monitors are to be used in infants.
-
(2008)
Paediatr. Anaesth.
, vol.18
, pp. 60-70
-
-
Davidson, A.J.1
Sale, S.M.2
Wong, C.3
-
36
-
-
38449110433
-
EEG variables as measures of arousal during propofol anaesthesia for general surgery in children: Rational selection and age dependence
-
Jeleazcov C, Schmidt J, Schmitz B, et al. EEG variables as measures of arousal during propofol anaesthesia for general surgery in children: rational selection and age dependence. Br J Anaesth 2007; 99: 845-854.
-
(2007)
Br. J. Anaesth.
, vol.99
, pp. 845-854
-
-
Jeleazcov, C.1
Schmidt, J.2
Schmitz, B.3
-
37
-
-
58849097585
-
Depth of sedation using Cerebral •• State Index in infants undergoing spinal anesthesia
-
The degree of burst suppression detected by the Cerebral State Index Monitor during spinal anaesthesia supports the hypothesis that infants may have discontinuous patterns of EEG during spinal anaesthesia similar to those seen during emergence from general anaesthesia. Application of adult algorithms to infant EEGs may lead to an overestimation of the degree of sedation
-
Disma N, Tuo P, Astuto M, Davidson AJ. Depth of sedation using Cerebral •• State Index in infants undergoing spinal anesthesia. Paediatr Anaesth 2009; 19: 133-137. The degree of burst suppression detected by the Cerebral State Index Monitor during spinal anaesthesia supports the hypothesis that infants may have discontinuous patterns of EEG during spinal anaesthesia similar to those seen during emergence from general anaesthesia. Application of adult algorithms to infant EEGs may lead to an overestimation of the degree of sedation.
-
(2009)
Paediatr. Anaesth.
, vol.19
, pp. 133-137
-
-
Disma, N.1
Tuo, P.2
Astuto, M.3
Davidson, A.J.4
-
38
-
-
67650666416
-
The Narcotrend index indicates age-• related changes during propofol induction in children
-
During propofol induction in children, the Narcotrend electroencephalogram monitor was capable of following changes in the sedation level of children to some extent, but also had a relatively high probability of incorrectly predicting changes in conscious state. Younger children had higher Narcotrend values than older children at the same level of sedation
-
Munte S, Klockars J, van Gils M, et al. The Narcotrend index indicates age-• related changes during propofol induction in children. Anesth Analg 2009; 109: 53-59. During propofol induction in children, the Narcotrend electroencephalogram monitor was capable of following changes in the sedation level of children to some extent, but also had a relatively high probability of incorrectly predicting changes in conscious state. Younger children had higher Narcotrend values than older children at the same level of sedation.
-
(2009)
Anesth. Analg.
, vol.109
, pp. 53-59
-
-
Munte, S.1
Klockars, J.2
Van Gils, M.3
-
39
-
-
70450196059
-
Anesthetic-specific electroencephalo-• graphic patterns during emergence from sevoflurane and isoflurane in infants and children
-
This is another paper, albeit using inhalation rather than intravenous agents, showing that depth-of-anaesthesia monitors that use algorithms based on the EEGs of adult reference populations may not be appropriate for use in children
-
Lo SS, Sobol JB, Mallavaram N, et al. Anesthetic-specific electroencephalo-• graphic patterns during emergence from sevoflurane and isoflurane in infants and children. Paediatr Anaesth 2009; 19: 1157-1165. This is another paper, albeit using inhalation rather than intravenous agents, showing that depth-of-anaesthesia monitors that use algorithms based on the EEGs of adult reference populations may not be appropriate for use in children.
-
(2009)
Paediatr. Anaesth.
, vol.19
, pp. 1157-1165
-
-
Lo, S.S.1
Sobol, J.B.2
Mallavaram, N.3
-
41
-
-
55149101973
-
Effects of • dexmedetomidine on propofol and remifentanil infusion rates during total intravenous anesthesia for spine surgery in adolescents
-
Teenagers undergoing spinal surgery had reduced propofol requirements but not fentanyl with TIVA and were supplemented with dexmedetomidine infusion 0.5μg/kg/h
-
Ngwenyama NE, Anderson J, Hoernschemeyer DG, Tobias JD. Effects of • dexmedetomidine on propofol and remifentanil infusion rates during total intravenous anesthesia for spine surgery in adolescents. Paediatr Anaesth 2008; 18: 1190-1195. Teenagers undergoing spinal surgery had reduced propofol requirements (but not fentanyl) with TIVA and were supplemented with dexmedetomidine infusion 0.5μg/kg/h.
-
(2008)
Paediatr. Anaesth.
, vol.18
, pp. 1190-1195
-
-
Ngwenyama, N.E.1
Anderson, J.2
Hoernschemeyer, D.G.3
Tobias, J.D.4
-
42
-
-
58849122266
-
Determination of the pharmacodynamic • interaction of propofol and dexmedetomidine during esophagogastroduodenoscopy in children
-
50 of propofol required to produce adequate anaesthesia for esophagogastroduodenoscopy in children aged 3-10 years was unaffected by a concomitant infusion of dexmedetomidine 1 μg/kg given over 10min. These results differ from ref 40 and may be attributable to a single dose of dexmedetomidine and shorter study time
-
50 of propofol required to produce adequate anaesthesia for esophagogastroduodenoscopy in children aged 3-10 years was unaffected by a concomitant infusion of dexmedetomidine 1 μg/kg given over 10min. These results differ from ref 40 and may be attributable to a single dose of dexmedetomidine and shorter study time.
-
(2009)
Paediatr. Anaesth.
, vol.19
, pp. 138-144
-
-
Hammer, G.B.1
Sam, W.J.2
Chen, M.I.3
-
43
-
-
10944231192
-
Individual effect-site concentrations of propofol are similar at loss of consciousness and at awakening
-
Iwakiri H, Nishihara N, Nagata O, et al. Individual effect-site concentrations of propofol are similar at loss of consciousness and at awakening. Anesth Analg 2005; 100: 107-110.
-
(2005)
Anesth. Analg.
, vol.100
, pp. 107-110
-
-
Iwakiri, H.1
Nishihara, N.2
Nagata, O.3
-
44
-
-
73649137894
-
The effect of a target controlled infusion • of propofol on predictability of recovery from anesthesia in children
-
A predicted awake effect-site concentration of 2.0 mg/l in children aged 3 months to less than 10 years was identified with the selected model
-
McCormack J, Mehta D, Peiris K, et al. The effect of a target controlled infusion • of propofol on predictability of recovery from anesthesia in children. Paediatr Anaesth 2010; 20: 56-62. A predicted awake effect-site concentration of 2.0 mg/l in children aged 3 months to less than 10 years was identified with the selected model.
-
(2010)
Paediatr. Anaesth.
, vol.20
, pp. 56-62
-
-
McCormack, J.1
Mehta, D.2
Peiris, K.3
-
45
-
-
77951986078
-
-
Epub ahead of print The authors present an overview of TIVA for those new to the topic. Many of the concepts vital for understanding this technique are presented
-
Mani V, Morton NS. Overview of total intravenous anesthesia in children. • Paediatr Anaesth 2009. [Epub ahead of print] The authors present an overview of TIVA for those new to the topic. Many of the concepts vital for understanding this technique are presented.
-
Overview of Total Intravenous Anesthesia in Children. • Paediatr. Anaesth. 2009
-
-
Mani, V.1
Morton, N.S.2
-
46
-
-
73649109594
-
The effect of age on the • dose of remifentanil for tracheal intubation in infants and children
-
Intubation without neuromuscular blocking drugs was investigated for propofol 5 mg/kg supplementation with remifentanil. Ideal intubating conditions were achieved in 50% of individuals with remifentanil doses of 3.1-3.7 μg/kg
-
Hume-Smith H, McCormack J, Montgomery C, et al. The effect of age on the • dose of remifentanil for tracheal intubation in infants and children. Paediatr Anaesth 2010; 20: 19-27. Intubation without neuromuscular blocking drugs was investigated for propofol (5 mg/kg) supplementation with remifentanil. Ideal intubating conditions were achieved in 50% of individuals with remifentanil doses of 3.1-3.7 μg/kg.
-
(2010)
Paediatr. Anaesth.
, vol.20
, pp. 19-27
-
-
Hume-Smith, H.1
McCormack, J.2
Montgomery, C.3
-
47
-
-
65349095550
-
Intraoperative opioid dosing in children with and • without cerebral palsy
-
A paper that confirms what many have suspected for years. A reduction in intraoperative opioid dosing was found in children with cerebral palsy, consistent with other reports concerning children with cognitive impairment. It is unclear whether these children are at any greater risk for untoward opioid-related events
-
Long LS, Ved S, Koh JL. Intraoperative opioid dosing in children with and • without cerebral palsy. Paediatr Anaesth 2009; 19: 513-520. A paper that confirms what many have suspected for years. A reduction in intraoperative opioid dosing was found in children with cerebral palsy, consistent with other reports concerning children with cognitive impairment. It is unclear whether these children are at any greater risk for untoward opioid-related events.
-
(2009)
Paediatr. Anaesth.
, vol.19
, pp. 513-520
-
-
Long, L.S.1
Ved, S.2
Koh, J.L.3
-
48
-
-
70350733815
-
Lower bispectral index • values in children who are intellectually disabled
-
The optimal cutoff BIS value for discrimination between conscious and unconscious state was 28 points lower for the intellectually disabled group and the authors advise practitioners to be alert to possible lower BIS values in intellectually disabled children. There is a risk that they will inadvertently misinterpret the state of consciousness in intellectually disabled children. Evaluation of unconsciousness remains difficult in these children
-
Valkenburg AJ, de Leeuw TG, Tibboel D, Weber F. Lower bispectral index • values in children who are intellectually disabled. Anesth Analg 2009; 109: 1428-1433. The optimal cutoff BIS value for discrimination between conscious and unconscious state was 28 points lower for the intellectually disabled group and the authors advise practitioners to be alert to possible lower BIS values in intellectually disabled children. There is a risk that they will inadvertently misinterpret the state of consciousness in intellectually disabled children. Evaluation of unconsciousness remains difficult in these children.
-
(2009)
Anesth. Analg.
, vol.109
, pp. 1428-1433
-
-
Valkenburg, A.J.1
De Leeuw, T.G.2
Tibboel, D.3
Weber, F.4
-
49
-
-
0036203258
-
Scaling for size: Some implications for paediatric anaesthesia dosing
-
Anderson BJ, Meakin GH. Scaling for size: some implications for paediatric anaesthesia dosing. Paediatr Anaesth 2002; 12: 205-219.
-
(2002)
Paediatr. Anaesth.
, vol.12
, pp. 205-219
-
-
Anderson, B.J.1
Meakin, G.H.2
-
50
-
-
0041843832
-
Using the time of maximum effect site concentration to combine pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics
-
Minto CF, Schnider TW, Gregg KM, et al. Using the time of maximum effect site concentration to combine pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. Anesthesiology 2003; 99: 324-333.
-
(2003)
Anesthesiology
, vol.99
, pp. 324-333
-
-
Minto, C.F.1
Schnider, T.W.2
Gregg, K.M.3
-
51
-
-
0031018117
-
A comparison of spectral edge, delta power, and bispectral index as EEG measures of alfentanil, propofol, and midazolam drug effect
-
Billard V, Gambus PL, Chamoun N, et al. A comparison of spectral edge, delta power, and bispectral index as EEG measures of alfentanil, propofol, and midazolam drug effect. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1997; 61: 45-58.
-
(1997)
Clin. Pharmacol. Ther.
, vol.61
, pp. 45-58
-
-
Billard, V.1
Gambus, P.L.2
Chamoun, N.3
-
52
-
-
0033960873
-
Comparison of plasma compartment versus two methods for effect compartment: Controlled target-controlled infusion for propofol
-
Struys MM, De Smet T, Depoorter B, et al. Comparison of plasma compartment versus two methods for effect compartment: controlled target-controlled infusion for propofol. Anesthesiology 2000; 92: 399-406.
-
(2000)
Anesthesiology
, vol.92
, pp. 399-406
-
-
Struys, M.M.1
De Smet, T.2
Depoorter, B.3
-
54
-
-
44949265180
-
Cardiovascular changes after achieving constant • effect site concentration of propofol
-
A letter pointing out that measured haemodynamicand BIS values may take longer to settle than predicted by the pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic models commonly used. Patient factors such as anxiety and complex interactions between propofol and remifentanil further complicate simple models
-
Rigby-Jones A, Sneyd JR. Cardiovascular changes after achieving constant • effect site concentration of propofol. Anaesthesia 2008; 63: 780. A letter pointing out that measured haemodynamicand BIS values may take longer to settle than predicted by the pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic models commonly used. Patient factors such as anxiety and complex interactions between propofol and remifentanil further complicate simple models.
-
(2008)
Anaesthesia
, vol.63
, pp. 780
-
-
Rigby-Jones, A.1
Sneyd, J.R.2
-
55
-
-
67651222495
-
Prospective evaluation of the time to • peak effect of propofol to target the effect site in children
-
The authors investigated the plasma effect-site equilibration rate constant of propofol determined in children with the use of the time to maximum effect using both BIS and auditory-evoked potentials. This practical investigation shows the small delay between the evolution of Ce of propofol and the BIS and suggests that this can be a useful model to target the effect site in children 3-11 years
-
Munoz HR, Leon PJ, Fuentes RS, et al. Prospective evaluation of the time to • peak effect of propofol to target the effect site in children. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 2009; 53: 883-890. The authors investigated the plasma effect-site equilibration rate constant of propofol determined in children with the use of the time to maximum effect using both BIS and auditory-evoked potentials. This practical investigation shows the small delay between the evolution of Ce of propofol and the BIS and suggests that this can be a useful model to target the effect site in children 3-11 years.
-
(2009)
Acta Anaesthesiol. Scand.
, vol.53
, pp. 883-890
-
-
Munoz, H.R.1
Leon, P.J.2
Fuentes, R.S.3
-
56
-
-
57349141693
-
Intraoperative awareness • during paediatric anaesthesia
-
A prospective study of 928 children 5-15 years found a 0.6% 95% CI 0.03-1.40% incidence of awareness under general anaesthesia. Children in general did not report awareness as stressful. This incidence is higher than that reported in adults 0.2%
-
Blusse van Oud-Alblas HJ, van Dijk M, Liu C, et al. Intraoperative awareness • during paediatric anaesthesia. Br J Anaesth 2009; 102: 104-110. A prospective study of 928 children 5-15 years found a 0.6% (95% CI 0.03-1.40%) incidence of awareness under general anaesthesia. Children in general did not report awareness as stressful. This incidence is higher than that reported in adults (0.2%).
-
(2009)
Br. J. Anaesth.
, vol.102
, pp. 104-110
-
-
Van Oud-Alblas, B.H.J.1
Van Dijk, M.2
Liu, C.3
-
57
-
-
70350736259
-
The incidence of intraoperative •• awareness in children: Childhood awareness and recall evaluation
-
Children 5-15 years n = 1784 had a 0.8% incidence of possible/probable awareness in this study. These results are consistent with those of others. None experienced short-term psychological distress Endoscopic procedures were associated with a higher risk for awareness relative risk = 4.5, 95% CI1.5-13.6
-
Malviya S, Galinkin JL, Bannister CF, et al. The incidence of intraoperative •• awareness in children: childhood awareness and recall evaluation. Anesth Analg 2009; 109: 1421-1427. Children 5-15 years (n = 1784) had a 0.8% incidence of possible/probable awareness in this study. These results are consistent with those of others. None experienced short-term psychological distress Endoscopic procedures were associated with a higher risk for awareness (relative risk = 4.5, 95% CI1.5-13.6).
-
(2009)
Anesth. Analg.
, vol.109
, pp. 1421-1427
-
-
Malviya, S.1
Galinkin, J.L.2
Bannister, C.F.3
-
58
-
-
73649134721
-
Pharmacokinetic-pharma-•• codynamic modeling of the hypotensive effect of remifentanil in infants undergoing cranioplasty
-
This elegant paper shows what can be achieved by pharmacokinetic modelling with limited data. The authors describe the relationship between the effect compartment concentration and blood pressure over a clinically relevant concentration range. The authors have laid groundwork for future more comprehensive studies
-
Standing JF, Hammer GB, Sam WJ, Drover DR. Pharmacokinetic-pharma- •• codynamic modeling of the hypotensive effect of remifentanil in infants undergoing cranioplasty. Paediatr Anaesth 2010; 20: 7-218. This elegant paper shows what can be achieved by pharmacokinetic modelling with limited data. The authors describe the relationship between the effect compartment concentration and blood pressure over a clinically relevant concentration range. The authors have laid groundwork for future more comprehensive studies.
-
(2010)
Paediatr. Anaesth.
, vol.20
, pp. 7-218
-
-
Standing, J.F.1
Hammer, G.B.2
Sam, W.J.3
Drover, D.R.4
-
59
-
-
73649101343
-
Leaving no stone unturned, or extracting blood from • stone?
-
This is an editorial that reviews the modelling undertaken by Ref. 57. An interesting review for those struggling to understand some of the pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic modelling concepts used in paediatrics
-
Anderson BJ, Holford NH. Leaving no stone unturned, or extracting blood from • stone? Paediatr Anaesth 2010; 20: 1-6. This is an editorial that reviews the modelling undertaken by Ref. 57. An interesting review for those struggling to understand some of the pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic modelling concepts used in paediatrics.
-
(2010)
Paediatr. Anaesth.
, vol.20
, pp. 1-6
-
-
Anderson, B.J.1
Holford, N.H.2
-
60
-
-
59649100674
-
Fentanyl added to propofol • anesthesia elongates sinus node recovery time in pediatric patients with paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia
-
Fentanyl combined with propofol has a potential to enhance cardiac vagal tone in paediatric patients. Enhanced cardiac vagal tone is one of the causative factors for prolonged corrected sinus node recovery time and has implications during cardiac electrophysiological studies
-
Fujii K, Iranami H, Nakamura Y, Hatano Y. Fentanyl added to propofol • anesthesia elongates sinus node recovery time in pediatric patients with paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia. Anesth Analg 2009; 108: 456-460. Fentanyl combined with propofol has a potential to enhance cardiac vagal tone in paediatric patients. Enhanced cardiac vagal tone is one of the causative factors for prolonged corrected sinus node recovery time and has implications during cardiac electrophysiological studies.
-
(2009)
Anesth. Analg.
, vol.108
, pp. 456-460
-
-
Fujii, K.1
Iranami, H.2
Nakamura, Y.3
Hatano, Y.4
-
61
-
-
37549071486
-
The effects of dexmedetomidine on • cardiac electrophysiology in children
-
Dexmedetomidine depressed sinus and atrioventricular nodal function in paediatric patients. Heart rate decreased and arterial blood pressure increased during administration. The use of dexmedetomidine may not be desirable during electrophysiology study and may be associated with adverse effects in patients at risk for bradycardia or atrioventricular nodal block
-
Hammer GB, Drover DR, Cao H, et al. The effects of dexmedetomidine on • cardiac electrophysiology in children. Anesth Analg 2008; 106: 79-83. Dexmedetomidine depressed sinus and atrioventricular nodal function in paediatric patients. Heart rate decreased and arterial blood pressure increased during administration. The use of dexmedetomidine may not be desirable during electrophysiology study and may be associated with adverse effects in patients at risk for bradycardia or atrioventricular nodal block.
-
(2008)
Anesth. Analg.
, vol.106
, pp. 79-83
-
-
Hammer, G.B.1
Drover, D.R.2
Cao, H.3
-
62
-
-
56149094268
-
Dexmedetomidine: A novel • drug for the treatment of atrial and junctional tachyarrhythmias during the perioperative period for congenital cardiac surgery: A preliminary study
-
These authors point out that the electrophysiological effects of dexmedetomidine may have useful clinical effects. The drug may have a potential therapeutic role in the acute phase of perioperative atrial and junctional tachyarrhythmias for either heart rate control or conversion to normal sinus rhythm
-
Chrysostomou C, Beerman L, Shiderly D, et al. Dexmedetomidine: a novel • drug for the treatment of atrial and junctional tachyarrhythmias during the perioperative period for congenital cardiac surgery: a preliminary study. Anesth Analg 2008; 107: 1514-1522. These authors point out that the electrophysiological effects of dexmedetomidine may have useful clinical effects. The drug may have a potential therapeutic role in the acute phase of perioperative atrial and junctional tachyarrhythmias for either heart rate control or conversion to normal sinus rhythm.
-
(2008)
Anesth. Analg.
, vol.107
, pp. 1514-1522
-
-
Chrysostomou, C.1
Beerman, L.2
Shiderly, D.3
-
63
-
-
68449091260
-
Is propofol the perfect hypnotic agent for procedural sedation in • neonates?
-
Propofol is becoming increasingly popular for intubation in the neonatal unit. The author warns of the dangers of repeat use when there is scant pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic literature in neonates
-
Allegaert K. Is propofol the perfect hypnotic agent for procedural sedation in • neonates? Curr Clin Pharmacol 2009; 4: 84-86. Propofol is becoming increasingly popular for intubation in the neonatal unit. The author warns of the dangers of repeat use when there is scant pharmacokinetic/ pharmacodynamic literature in neonates.
-
(2009)
Curr. Clin. Pharmacol.
, vol.4
, pp. 84-86
-
-
Allegaert, K.1
-
64
-
-
47349091869
-
Ketamine anesthesia in • children: Exploring infusion regimens
-
The authors use known ketamine paediatric pharmacokinetic parameters to simulate infusion that achieves anaesthesia. Unfortunately, concentrations associated with anaesthesia and the impact of adjuvant drugs are poorly described
-
Dallimore D, Anderson BJ, Short TG, Herd DW. Ketamine anesthesia in • children: exploring infusion regimens. Paediatr Anaesth 2008; 18: 708-714. The authors use known ketamine paediatric pharmacokinetic parameters to simulate infusion that achieves anaesthesia. Unfortunately, concentrations associated with anaesthesia and the impact of adjuvant drugs are poorly described.
-
(2008)
Paediatr. Anaesth.
, vol.18
, pp. 708-714
-
-
Dallimore, D.1
Anderson, B.J.2
Short, T.G.3
Herd, D.W.4
-
65
-
-
53049093336
-
Dosing ketamine for pediatric • procedural sedation in the emergency department
-
Pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics parameter estimates for ketamine procedural sedation were used to rationalize ketamine dosing for procedures of differing complexity
-
Dallimore D, Herd DW, Short T, Anderson BJ. Dosing ketamine for pediatric • procedural sedation in the emergency department. Pediatr Emerg Care 2008; 24: 529-533. Pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics parameter estimates for ketamine procedural sedation were used to rationalize ketamine dosing for procedures of differing complexity.
-
(2008)
Pediatr. Emerg. Care
, vol.24
, pp. 529-533
-
-
Dallimore, D.1
Herd, D.W.2
Short, T.3
Anderson, B.J.4
-
66
-
-
70350552006
-
Dexmedetomidine pharmaco-• kinetics in pediatric intensive care: A pooled analysis
-
Four datasets were pooled and reanalysed. The sedation target concentration was similar to that described for adults. Immature clearance in the first year of life and a higher clearance when expressed as l/h/kg in small children dictate infusion rates that change with age. Extrapolation of dose from children given infusion in intensive care after cardiac surgery may not be applicable to those sedated for noninvasive procedures out of intensive care
-
Potts AL, Anderson BJ, Warman GR, et al. Dexmedetomidine pharmaco-• kinetics in pediatric intensive care: a pooled analysis. Paediatr Anaesth 2009; 19: 1119-1129. Four datasets were pooled and reanalysed. The sedation target concentration was similar to that described for adults. Immature clearance in the first year of life and a higher clearance (when expressed as l/h/kg) in small children dictate infusion rates that change with age. Extrapolation of dose from children given infusion in intensive care after cardiac surgery may not be applicable to those sedated for noninvasive procedures out of intensive care.
-
(2009)
Paediatr. Anaesth.
, vol.19
, pp. 1119-1129
-
-
Potts, A.L.1
Anderson, B.J.2
Warman, G.R.3
-
67
-
-
41749089155
-
High dose dexmedetomidine • as the sole sedative for pediatric MRI
-
Dexmedetomidine bolus 2-3 μg/kg and infusion 1.5-2 μg/kg/h provides adequate sedation for pediatric MRI studies, but is associated with decreases in heart rate and blood pressure outside the established 'awake' norms. This deviation is not associated with adverse sequelae
-
Mason KP, Zurakowski D, Zgleszewski SE, et al. High dose dexmedetomidine • as the sole sedative for pediatric MRI. Paediatr Anaesth 2008; 18: 403-411. Dexmedetomidine (bolus 2-3 μg/kg and infusion 1.5-2 μg/kg/h) provides adequate sedation for pediatric MRI studies, but is associated with decreases in heart rate and blood pressure outside the established 'awake' norms. This deviation is not associated with adverse sequelae.
-
(2008)
Paediatr. Anaesth.
, vol.18
, pp. 403-411
-
-
Mason, K.P.1
Zurakowski, D.2
Zgleszewski, S.E.3
-
68
-
-
41749106471
-
Hemodynamic effects of • dexmedetomidine sedation for CT imaging studies
-
Haemodynamic changes during dexmedetomidine sedation 2 μg/kg bolus and 1 μg/kg/h for radiological imaging were independent of age, required no pharmacological interventions and did not result in any adverse events
-
Mason KP, Zgleszewski SE, Prescilla R, et al. Hemodynamic effects of • dexmedetomidine sedation for CT imaging studies. Paediatr Anaesth 2008; 18: 393-402. Haemodynamic changes during dexmedetomidine sedation (2 μg/kg bolus and 1 μg/kg/h) for radiological imaging were independent of age, required no pharmacological interventions and did not result in any adverse events.
-
(2008)
Paediatr. Anaesth.
, vol.18
, pp. 393-402
-
-
Mason, K.P.1
Zgleszewski, S.E.2
Prescilla, R.3
-
69
-
-
58149295459
-
A comparison of dexmedetomidine-• midazolam with propofol for maintenance of anesthesia in children undergoing magnetic resonance imaging
-
Dexmedetomidine-midazolam provides adequate anaesthesia for MRI although recovery is prolonged when compared with propofol. Heart rate was slower and systolic blood pressure was greater with dexmedetomidine when compared with propofol. Respiratory indices were similar for the two treatments
-
Heard C, Burrows F, Johnson K, et al. A comparison of dexmedetomidine-• midazolam with propofol for maintenance of anesthesia in children undergoing magnetic resonance imaging. Anesth Analg 2008; 107: 1832-1839.
-
(2008)
Anesth. Analg.
, vol.107
, pp. 1832-1839
-
-
Heard, C.1
Burrows, F.2
Johnson, K.3
|