메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 91, Issue 2, 2010, Pages 363-375

Phylogeography of wolves (Canis lupus) in the Pacific Northwest

Author keywords

Beringia; Endemic; Glacial refugia; Gray wolves; Mitochondrial DNA; Pleistocene; Southeast Alaska

Indexed keywords

CANID; COLONIZATION; ENDEMIC SPECIES; EVOLUTIONARY THEORY; GENETIC MARKER; GLACIAL ENVIRONMENT; HOLOCENE; LAST GLACIAL MAXIMUM; LATITUDE; MITOCHONDRIAL DNA; PHYLOGEOGRAPHY; RANGE EXPANSION; REFUGIUM;

EID: 77951272551     PISSN: 00222372     EISSN: 15451542     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1644/09-MAMM-A-036.1     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (32)

References (103)
  • 1
    • 34247156569 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mitochondrial DNA coding region sequences support the phylogenetic distinction of two Indian wolf species
    • DOI 10.1111/j.1439-0469.2006.00400.x
    • AGGARWAL, R. K., T. KIVISILD, J. RAMADEVI, AND L. SINGH. 2007. Mitochondrial DNA coding region sequences support the phylogenetic distinction of two Indian wolf species. Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research 45:163-172. (Pubitemid 46594810)
    • (2007) Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research , vol.45 , Issue.2 , pp. 163-172
    • Aggarwal, R.K.1    Kivisild, T.2    Ramadevi, J.3    Singh, L.4
  • 2
    • 0030801002 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gapped BLAST and PSI-BLAST: A new generation of protein database search programs
    • ALTSCHUL, S. F., ET AL. 1997. Gapped BLAST and PSI-BLAST: a new generation of protein database search programs. Nucleic Acids Research 25:3389-3402.
    • (1997) Nucleic Acids Research , vol.25 , pp. 3389-3402
    • Altschul, S.F.1
  • 4
    • 0000862109 scopus 로고
    • Accuracy and frequency stability of the Earth's orbital elements during the Quaternary
    • (A. Berger, J. Imbrie, J. Hays, G. Kukla, and B. Saltzmann, eds.). Reidel, Dordrecht, Netherlands
    • BERGER, A. 1984. Accuracy and frequency stability of the Earth's orbital elements during the Quaternary. Pp. 527-537 in Milankovitch and climate, part I (A. Berger, J. Imbrie, J. Hays, G. Kukla, and B. Saltzmann, eds.). Reidel, Dordrecht, Netherlands.
    • (1984) Milankovitch and Climate, Part i , pp. 527-537
    • Berger, A.1
  • 5
    • 33746731132 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relaxation of selective constraint on dog mitochondrial DNA following domestication
    • DOI 10.1101/gr.5117706
    • BJÖRNERFELDT, S., M. T. WEBSTER, AND C. VILÁ . 2006. Relaxation of selective constraint on dog mitochondrial DNA following domestication. Genomic Research 16:990-994. (Pubitemid 44162258)
    • (2006) Genome Research , vol.16 , Issue.8 , pp. 990-994
    • Bjornerfeldt, S.1    Webster, M.T.2    Vila, C.3
  • 6
    • 12444254016 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Wolf conservation and recovery
    • (L. D. Mech and L. Boitani, eds.). University of Chicago Press, Chicago, Illinois
    • BOITANI, L. 2003. Wolf conservation and recovery. Pp. 317-340 in Wolves: behavior, ecology, and conservation (L. D. Mech and L. Boitani, eds.). University of Chicago Press, Chicago, Illinois.
    • (2003) Wolves: Behavior, Ecology, and Conservation , pp. 317-340
    • Boitani, L.1
  • 7
    • 0030729333 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • North American black bear mtDNA phylogeography: Implications for morphology and the Haida Gwaii glacial refugium controversy
    • BYUN, S. A., B. F. KOOP, AND T. E. REIMCHEN. 1997. North American black bear mtDNA phylogeography: implications for morphology and the Haida Gwaii glacial refugium controversy. Evolution 51:1647-1653.
    • (1997) Evolution , vol.51 , pp. 1647-1653
    • Byun, S.A.1    Koop, B.F.2    Reimchen, T.E.3
  • 8
    • 0033450842 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Coastal refugia and postglacial recolonization routes: A reply to Demboski, Stone, and Cook
    • BYUN, S. A., B. F. KOOP, AND T. E. REIMCHEN. 1999. Coastal refugia and postglacial recolonization routes: a reply to Demboski, Stone, and Cook. Evolution 53:2013-2015.
    • (1999) Evolution , vol.53 , pp. 2013-2015
    • Byun, S.A.1    Koop, B.F.2    Reimchen, T.E.3
  • 9
    • 34547689661 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Historical and ecological determinants of genetic structure in arctic canids
    • CARMICHAEL, L. E., ET AL. 2007. Historical and ecological determinants of genetic structure in arctic canids. Molecular Ecology 16:3466-3483.
    • (2007) Molecular Ecology , vol.16 , pp. 3466-3483
    • Carmichael, L.E.1
  • 10
    • 34249656701 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Possible refugia in the Alexander Archipelago of southeastern Alaska during the late Wisconsin glaciation
    • CARRARA, P. E., T. A. AGER, AND J. F. BAICHTAL. 2007. Possible refugia in the Alexander Archipelago of southeastern Alaska during the late Wisconsin glaciation. Canadian Journal of Earth Science 44:229-244.
    • (2007) Canadian Journal of Earth Science , vol.44 , pp. 229-244
    • Carrara, P.E.1    Ager, T.A.2    Baichtal, J.F.3
  • 11
    • 0032782773 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mammalian biogeography of the Alexander Archipelago of Alaska: A north temperate nested fauna
    • CONROY, C. J., J. R. DEMBOSKI, AND J. A. COOK. 1999. Mammalian biogeography of the Alexander Archipelago of Alaska: a north temperate nested fauna. Journal of Biogeography 26:343-352.
    • (1999) Journal of Biogeography , vol.26 , pp. 343-352
    • Conroy, C.J.1    Demboski, J.R.2    Cook, J.A.3
  • 12
    • 33748571485 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Conservation of highly fragmented systems: The north temperate Alexander Archipelago
    • COOK, J. A., N. G. DAWSON, AND S. O. MACDONALD. 2006. Conservation of highly fragmented systems: the north temperate Alexander Archipelago. Biological Conservation 133:1-15.
    • (2006) Biological Conservation , vol.133 , pp. 1-15
    • Cook, J.A.1    Dawson, N.G.2    MacDonald, S.O.3
  • 13
    • 0035151551 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A phylogeographic perspective on endemism in the Alexander Archipelago of Southeast Alaska
    • COOK, J. A., ET AL. 2001. A phylogeographic perspective on endemism in the Alexander Archipelago of Southeast Alaska. Biological Conservation 97:215-227.
    • (2001) Biological Conservation , vol.97 , pp. 215-227
    • Cook, J.A.1
  • 14
    • 33748566070 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Beringia: Intercontinental exchange and diversification of high latitude mammals and their parasites during the Pliocene and Quaternary
    • COOK, J. A., ET AL. 2005. Beringia: intercontinental exchange and diversification of high latitude mammals and their parasites during the Pliocene and Quaternary. Mammal Science 30:S33-S44.
    • (2005) Mammal Science , vol.30
    • Cook, J.A.1
  • 15
    • 0025627754 scopus 로고
    • The invasion of northern Europe during the Pleistocene by Mediterranean species of Coleoptera
    • (F. di Castri, A. J. Hansen, and M. de Bussohe, eds.). Kluwer, Dordrecht, Netherlands
    • COOPE, G. R. 1990. The invasion of northern Europe during the Pleistocene by Mediterranean species of Coleoptera. Pp. 203-215 in Biological invasions in Europe and the Mediterranean basin (F. di Castri, A. J. Hansen, and M. de Bussohe, eds.). Kluwer, Dordrecht, Netherlands.
    • (1990) Biological Invasions in Europe and the Mediterranean Basin , pp. 203-215
    • Coope, G.R.1
  • 17
    • 0033403380 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Further perspectives on the Haida Gwaii glacial refugium
    • DEMBOSKI, J. R., K. D. STONE, AND J. A. COOK. 1999. Further perspectives on the Haida Gwaii glacial refugium. Evolution 53:2008-2012.
    • (1999) Evolution , vol.53 , pp. 2008-2012
    • Demboski, J.R.1    Stone, K.D.2    Cook, J.A.3
  • 18
    • 56949097921 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Bering land bridge: A moisture barrier to the dispersal of steppe-tundra biota
    • ELIAS, S. A., AND B. CROCKER. 2008. The Bering land bridge: a moisture barrier to the dispersal of steppe-tundra biota. Quaternary Science Reviews 27:2473-2483.
    • (2008) Quaternary Science Reviews , vol.27 , pp. 2473-2483
    • Elias, S.A.1    Crocker, B.2
  • 19
    • 0026681074 scopus 로고
    • Analysis of molecular variance inferred from metric distances among DNA haplotypes: Application to human mitochondrial DNA restriction data
    • EXCOFFIER, L., P. SMOUSE, AND J. QUATTRO. 1992. Analysis of molecular variance inferred from metric distances among DNA haplotypes: application to human mitochondrial DNA restriction data. Genetics 131:479-491.
    • (1992) Genetics , vol.131 , pp. 479-491
    • Excoffier, L.1    Smouse, P.2    Quattro, J.3
  • 20
    • 0037159418 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multiple glacial refugia in the North American Arctic: Inference from phylogeography of the collared lemming (Dicrostonyx groenlandicus)
    • FEDOROV, V. B., AND N. C. STENSETH. 2002. Multiple glacial refugia in the North American Arctic: inference from phylogeography of the collared lemming (Dicrostonyx groenlandicus). Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, B. Biological Sciences 269:2071-2077.
    • (2002) Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, B. Biological Sciences , vol.269 , pp. 2071-2077
    • Fedorov, V.B.1    Stenseth, N.C.2
  • 21
    • 0036010838 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phylogeography of endemic ermine (Mustela erminea) in Southeast Alaska
    • FLEMING, M. A., AND J. A. COOK. 2002. Phylogeography of endemic ermine (Mustela erminea) in Southeast Alaska. Molecular Ecology 11:795-808.
    • (2002) Molecular Ecology , vol.11 , pp. 795-808
    • Fleming, M.A.1    Cook, J.A.2
  • 22
    • 0000775476 scopus 로고
    • Record dispersal by a wolf from Minnesota
    • FRITTS, S. H. 1983. Record dispersal by a wolf from Minnesota. Journal of Mammalogy 64:166-167.
    • (1983) Journal of Mammalogy , vol.64 , pp. 166-167
    • Fritts, S.H.1
  • 23
    • 0030821992 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Statistical tests of neutrality of mutations against population growth, hitchhiking and background selection
    • FU, Y. 1997. Statistical tests of neutrality of mutations against population growth, hitchhiking and background selection. Genetics 147:915-925. (Pubitemid 27418596)
    • (1997) Genetics , vol.147 , Issue.2 , pp. 915-925
    • Fu, Y.-X.1
  • 24
    • 0027453041 scopus 로고
    • Statistical tests of neutrality of mutations
    • FU, Y., AND W. H. LI. 1993. Statistical tests of neutrality of mutations. Genetics 133:693-709. (Pubitemid 23066572)
    • (1993) Genetics , vol.133 , Issue.3 , pp. 693-709
    • Fu, Y.-X.1    Li, W.-H.2
  • 25
    • 1642483703 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genetic consequences of Pleistocene glaciations for the tundra vole (Microtus oeconomus) in Beringia
    • GALBREATH, K. E., AND J. A. COOK. 2004. Genetic consequences of Pleistocene glaciations for the tundra vole (Microtus oeconomus) in Beringia. Molecular Ecology 13:135-148.
    • (2004) Molecular Ecology , vol.13 , pp. 135-148
    • Galbreath, K.E.1    Cook, J.A.2
  • 27
    • 0002197577 scopus 로고
    • The wolves of North America. Part 2. Classification of wolves
    • (S. P. Young and E. A. Goldman, eds.). Dover, New York; American Wildlife Institute, Washington, D.C
    • GOLDMAN, E. A. 1944. The wolves of North America. Part 2. Classification of wolves. Pp. 389-636 in The wolves of North America (S. P. Young and E. A. Goldman, eds.). Dover, New York; American Wildlife Institute, Washington, D.C.
    • (1944) The Wolves of North America , pp. 389-636
    • Goldman, E.A.1
  • 28
    • 0031690476 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Shallow population histories in deep evolutionary lineages of marine fishes: Insights from sardines and anchovies and lessons for conservation
    • GRANT, W. S., AND B. W. BOWEN. 1998. Shallow population histories in deep evolutionary lineages of marine fishes: insights from sardines and anchovies and lessons for conservation. Journal of Heredity 89:415-426.
    • (1998) Journal of Heredity , vol.89 , pp. 415-426
    • Grant, W.S.1    Bowen, B.W.2
  • 29
    • 0000814633 scopus 로고
    • Paleoecology and the large-mammal community in interior Alaska during the late Pleistocene
    • GUTHRIE, R. D. 1968. Paleoecology and the large-mammal community in interior Alaska during the late Pleistocene. American Midland Naturalist 79:346-363.
    • (1968) American Midland Naturalist , vol.79 , pp. 346-363
    • Guthrie, R.D.1
  • 31
    • 0022376704 scopus 로고
    • Dating of the human-ape splitting by a molecular clock of mitochondrial DNA
    • DOI 10.1007/BF02101694
    • HASEGAWA, M., H. KISHINO, AND T. YANO. 1985. Dating of the human- ape splitting by a molecular clock of mitochondrial DNA. Journal of Molecular Evolution 22:160-174. (Pubitemid 16227864)
    • (1985) Journal of Molecular Evolution , vol.22 , Issue.2 , pp. 160-174
    • Hasegawa, M.1    Kishino, H.2    Yano, T.3
  • 32
    • 0030436025 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An Ice Age refugium for large mammals in the Alexander Archipelago, southeastern Alaska
    • HEATON, T. H., S. L. TALBOT, AND G. F. SHIELDS. 1996. An ice age refugium for large mammals in the Alexander Archipelago, southeastern Alaska. Quaternary Research 46:186-192. (Pubitemid 27151145)
    • (1996) Quaternary Research , vol.46 , Issue.2 , pp. 186-192
    • Heaton, T.H.1    Talbot, S.L.2    Shields, G.F.3
  • 33
    • 0029860602 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Some genetic consequences of ice ages, and their role in divergence and speciation
    • HEWITT, G. M. 1996. Some genetic consequences of ice ages, and their role in divergence and speciation. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 58:247-276.
    • (1996) Biological Journal of the Linnean Society , vol.58 , pp. 247-276
    • Hewitt, G.M.1
  • 34
    • 0035047175 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Speciation, hybrid zones and phylogeography- or seeing genes in space and time
    • HEWITT, G. M. 2001. Speciation, hybrid zones and phylogeography- or seeing genes in space and time. Molecular Ecology 10:537-549.
    • (2001) Molecular Ecology , vol.10 , pp. 537-549
    • Hewitt, G.M.1
  • 36
    • 0004065623 scopus 로고
    • Stanford University Press, Stanford, California
    • HOPKINS, D. M. 1967. The Bering land bridge. Stanford University Press, Stanford, California.
    • (1967) The Bering Land Bridge
    • Hopkins, D.M.1
  • 37
    • 0034849408 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • MRBAYES: Bayesian inference of phylogenetic trees
    • HUELSENBECK, J. P., AND F. RONQUIST. 2001. MRBAYES: Bayesian inference of phylogenetic trees. Bioinformatics 17:754-755. (Pubitemid 32851390)
    • (2001) Bioinformatics , vol.17 , Issue.8 , pp. 754-755
    • Huelsenbeck, J.P.1    Ronquist, F.2
  • 38
    • 47249100207 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genetic characterization of Kenai brown bears (Ursus arctos): Microsatellite and mitochondrial DNA control region variation in brown bears of the Kenai Peninsula, south central Alaska
    • DOI 10.1139/Z08-043
    • JACKSON, J. V., S. L. TALBOT, AND S. FARLEY. 2008. Genetic characterization of Kenai brown bears (Ursus arctos): microsatellite and mitochondrial DNA control region variation in brown bears of the Kenai Peninsula, south central Alaska. Canadian Journal of Zoology 86:756-764. (Pubitemid 351987700)
    • (2008) Canadian Journal of Zoology , vol.86 , Issue.7 , pp. 756-764
    • Jackson, J.V.1    Talbot, S.L.2    Farley, S.3
  • 39
    • 0032176078 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The complete nucleotide sequence of the domestic dog (Canis familiaris) mitochondrial genome
    • KIM, K. S., S. E. LEE, H. W. JEONG, AND J. H. HA. 1998. The complete nucleotide sequence of the domestic dog (Canis familiaris) mitochondrial genome. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 10:210-220.
    • (1998) Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution , vol.10 , pp. 210-220
    • Kim, K.S.1    Lee, S.E.2    Jeong, H.W.3    Ha, J.H.4
  • 40
    • 0001791842 scopus 로고
    • Post glacial distribution patterns of mammals in the southern coastal regions of Alaska
    • KLEIN, D. R. 1965. Post glacial distribution patterns of mammals in the southern coastal regions of Alaska. Arctic 10:7-10.
    • (1965) Arctic , vol.10 , pp. 7-10
    • Klein, D.R.1
  • 41
    • 0031835126 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Maximum likelihood estimation of population growth rates based on the coalescent
    • KUHNER, K. M., J. YAMATO, AND J. FELSENSTEIN. 1998. Maximum likelihood estimation of population growth rates based on the coalescent. Genetics 149:429-434. (Pubitemid 28246815)
    • (1998) Genetics , vol.149 , Issue.1 , pp. 429-434
    • Kuhner, M.K.1    Yamato, J.2    Felsenstein, J.3
  • 43
    • 33745030115 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genetic nature of eastern wolves: Past, present and future
    • KYLE, C. J., ET AL. 2006. Genetic nature of eastern wolves: past, present and future. Conservation Genetics 7:272-283.
    • (2006) Conservation Genetics , vol.7 , pp. 272-283
    • Kyle, C.J.1
  • 44
    • 44649158991 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Competing hypotheses for the etiology of cryptorchidism in Sitka black-tailed deer: An evaluation of evolutionary alternatives
    • LATCH, E. K., R. P. AMANN, J. P. JACOBSON, AND O. E. RHODES, JR. 2008. Competing hypotheses for the etiology of cryptorchidism in Sitka black-tailed deer: an evaluation of evolutionary alternatives. Animal Conservation 11:234-246.
    • (2008) Animal Conservation , vol.11 , pp. 234-246
    • Latch, E.K.1    Amann, R.P.2    Jacobson, J.P.3    Rhodes Jr., O.E.4
  • 45
    • 12444330420 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Legacy lost: Genetic variability and population size of extirpated US grey wolves (Canis lupus)
    • DOI 10.1111/j.1365-294X.2004.02389.x
    • LEONARD, J. A., C. VILÀ , AND R. K. WAYNE. 2005. Legacy lost: genetic variability and population size of extirpated US grey wolves (Canis lupus). Molecular Ecology 14:9-17. (Pubitemid 40141472)
    • (2005) Molecular Ecology , vol.14 , Issue.1 , pp. 9-17
    • Leonard, J.A.1    Vila, C.2    Wayne, R.K.3
  • 46
    • 0041335595 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genetic footprints of demographic expansion in North America, but not Amazonia, during the late Quaternary
    • LESSA, E. P., J. A. COOK, AND J. L. PATTON. 2003. Genetic footprints of demographic expansion in North America, but not Amazonia, during the late Quaternary. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 100:10331-10334.
    • (2003) Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences , vol.100 , pp. 10331-10334
    • Lessa, E.P.1    Cook, J.A.2    Patton, J.L.3
  • 47
    • 12344305564 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glacial cycles and the tempo of avian speciation
    • DOI 10.1016/j.tree.2004.11.011, PII S0169534704003416
    • LOVETTE, I. 2005. Glacial cycles and the tempo of avian speciation. Trends in Ecology & Evolution 20:57-59. (Pubitemid 40118089)
    • (2005) Trends in Ecology and Evolution , vol.20 , Issue.2 , pp. 57-59
    • Lovette, I.J.1
  • 48
    • 11144240008 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phylogeography of Keen's mouse (Peromyscus keeni) in a naturally fragmented landscape
    • DOI 10.1644/BRB-218.1
    • LUCID, M., AND J. A. COOK. 2004. Phylogeography of Keen's mouse (Peromyscus keeni) in a naturally fragmented landscape. Journal of Mammalogy 85:1149-1159. (Pubitemid 40047819)
    • (2004) Journal of Mammalogy , vol.85 , Issue.6 , pp. 1149-1159
    • Lucid, M.K.1    Cook, J.A.2
  • 49
    • 0030324614 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The land mammal fauna of Southeast Alaska
    • MACDONALD, S. O., AND J. A. COOK. 1996. The land mammal fauna of Southeast Alaska. Canadian Field-Naturalist 110:571-599.
    • (1996) Canadian Field-Naturalist , vol.110 , pp. 571-599
    • MacDonald, S.O.1    Cook, J.A.2
  • 50
    • 60849139045 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The mammals and amphibians of Southeast Alaska
    • Special Publication
    • MACDONALD, S. O., AND J. A. COOK. 2007. The mammals and amphibians of Southeast Alaska. Museum of Southwestern Biology, Special Publication 8:1-191.
    • (2007) Museum of Southwestern Biology , vol.8 , pp. 1-191
    • MacDonald, S.O.1    Cook, J.A.2
  • 51
    • 0014054519 scopus 로고
    • The detection of disease clustering and a generalized regression approach
    • MANTEL, N. 1967. The detection of disease clustering and a generalized regression approach. Cancer Research 27:209-220.
    • (1967) Cancer Research , vol.27 , pp. 209-220
    • Mantel, N.1
  • 52
    • 77951275893 scopus 로고
    • The wolf
    • Natural History Press, Garden City, New York
    • MECH, L. D. 1970. The wolf. Museum of Natural History, Natural History Press, Garden City, New York.
    • (1970) Museum of Natural History
    • Mech, L.D.1
  • 53
    • 0002828519 scopus 로고
    • Age, season, distance, direction, and social aspect of wolf dispersal from a Minnesota pack
    • (B. D. Chepko-Sade and Z. T. Halpin, eds.). University of Chicago Press, Chicago, Illinois
    • MECH, L. D. 1987. Age, season, distance, direction, and social aspect of wolf dispersal from a Minnesota pack. Pp. 55-74 in Mammalian dispersal patterns: the effects of social structure on population genetics (B. D. Chepko-Sade and Z. T. Halpin, eds.). University of Chicago Press, Chicago, Illinois.
    • (1987) Mammalian Dispersal Patterns: The Effects of Social Structure on Population Genetics , pp. 55-74
    • Mech, L.D.1
  • 54
    • 1842287948 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Historical demography and present day population structure of the greenfinch, Carduelis chloris - An analysis of mtDNA control-region sequences
    • MERILA , J., M. BJORKLUND, AND A. J. BAKER. 1997. Historical demography and present day population structure of the greenfinch, Carduelis chloris-an analysis of mtDNA control-region sequences. Evolution 51:946-956. (Pubitemid 27324480)
    • (1997) Evolution , vol.51 , Issue.3 , pp. 946-956
    • Merila, J.1    Bjorklund, M.2    Baker, A.J.3
  • 55
    • 0034701928 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genetic evidence for the effect of a postglacial population expansion on the phylogeography of a North American songbird
    • MILÁ , B., D. J. GIRMAN, M. KIMURA, AND T. B. SMITH. 2000. Genetic evidence for the effect of postglacial population expansion on the phylogeography of a North American songbird. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, B. Biological Sciences 267:1033-1040. (Pubitemid 30326403)
    • (2000) Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences , vol.267 , Issue.1447 , pp. 1033-1040
    • Mila, B.1    Girman, D.J.2    Kimura, M.3    Smith, T.B.4
  • 56
    • 0000689932 scopus 로고
    • Glacial refugia, endemism and stickleback populations of the Queen Charlotte Islands
    • MOODIE, G. E., AND T. E. REIMCHEN. 1976. Glacial refugia, endemism and stickleback populations of the Queen Charlotte Islands. Canadian Field-Naturalist 90:471-474.
    • (1976) Canadian Field-Naturalist , vol.90 , pp. 471-474
    • Moodie, G.E.1    Reimchen, T.E.2
  • 58
    • 36148958972 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Taxonomic status and conservation of the endangered red wolf: A response
    • Kyle et al. (2006)
    • MURRAY, D. L., AND L. WAITS. 2007. Taxonomic status and conservation of the endangered red wolf: a response to Kyle et al. (2006). Conservation Genetics 8:1483-1485.
    • (2007) Conservation Genetics , vol.8 , pp. 1483-1485
    • Murray, D.L.1    Waits, L.2
  • 59
  • 60
    • 0028042678 scopus 로고
    • The genetic consequences of long distance dispersal during colonization
    • NICHOLS, R. A., AND G. M. HEWITT. 1994. The genetic consequences of long distance dispersal during colonization. Heredity 72:312-317.
    • (1994) Heredity , vol.72 , pp. 312-317
    • Nichols, R.A.1    Hewitt, G.M.2
  • 61
    • 0002096769 scopus 로고
    • North American Quaternary Canis
    • University of Kansas Monograph
    • NOWAK, R. M. 1979. North American Quaternary Canis. Monograph of the Museum of Natural History, University of Kansas Monograph 6:1-154.
    • (1979) Monograph of the Museum of Natural History , vol.6 , pp. 1-154
    • Nowak, R.M.1
  • 62
    • 0002369641 scopus 로고
    • Another look at wolf taxonomy
    • (L. N. Carbyn, S. H. Fritts, and D. R. Seip, eds.). Canadian Circumpolar Institute, Occasional Publication
    • NOWAK, R. M. 1995. Another look at wolf taxonomy. Pp. 375-398 in Ecology and conservation of wolves in a changing world (L. N. Carbyn, S. H. Fritts, and D. R. Seip, eds.). Canadian Circumpolar Institute, Occasional Publication 35.
    • (1995) Ecology and Conservation of Wolves in A Changing World , vol.35 , pp. 375-398
    • Nowak, R.M.1
  • 64
    • 0002984344 scopus 로고
    • Disjunct vascular flora of northwestern Vancouver Island in relation to Queen Charlotte Islands' endemism and Pacific Coast refugia
    • (G. G. E. Scudder and N. Gesler, eds.). Queen Charlotte Island Museum Press, Second Beach, British Columbia, Canada
    • OGILVIE, R. T. 1989. Disjunct vascular flora of northwestern Vancouver Island in relation to Queen Charlotte Islands' endemism and Pacific Coast refugia. Pp. 127-130 in The outer shores (G. G. E. Scudder and N. Gesler, eds.). Queen Charlotte Island Museum Press, Second Beach, British Columbia, Canada.
    • (1989) The Outer Shores , pp. 127-130
    • Ogilvie, R.T.1
  • 65
    • 0000192554 scopus 로고
    • Mitochondrial DNA in gasterosteus and Pleistocene glacial refugium on the Queen Charlotte Islands, British Columbia
    • O'REILLY, P., T. E. REIMCHEN, R. BEECH, AND C. STROBECK. 1993. Mitochondrial DNA in Gasterosteus and Pleistocene glacial refugium on the Queen Charlotte Islands, British Columbia. Evolution 47:678-684.
    • (1993) Evolution , vol.47 , pp. 678-684
    • O'Reilly, P.1    Reimchen, T.E.2    Beech, R.3    Strobeck, C.4
  • 66
    • 33947251235 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Black bears in Southeast Alaska: The fate of two ancient lineages in the face of contemporary movement
    • DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7998.2006.00228.x
    • PEACOCK, E., M. M. PEACOCK, AND K. TITUS. 2007. Black bears in Southeast Alaska: the fate of two ancient lineages in the face of contemporary movement. Journal of Zoology (London) 271:445-454. (Pubitemid 46417376)
    • (2007) Journal of Zoology , vol.271 , Issue.4 , pp. 445-454
    • Peacock, E.1    Peacock, M.M.2    Titus, K.3
  • 67
    • 3543054148 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reconciling historical processes and population structure in the sooty tern Sterna fuscata
    • PECK, D. R., AND B. C. CONGDON. 2004. Reconciling historical processes and population structure in the sooty tern Sterna fuscata. Journal of Avian Biology 35:327-335.
    • (2004) Journal of Avian Biology , vol.35 , pp. 327-335
    • Peck, D.R.1    Congdon, B.C.2
  • 68
    • 1842648955 scopus 로고
    • Geographical variation in Alaskan wolves
    • (F. H. Harrington and P. C. Paquet, eds.). Noyes Publishers, Park Ridge, New Jersey
    • PEDERSEN, S. 1982. Geographical variation in Alaskan wolves. Pp. 334-344 in Wolves of the world (F. H. Harrington and P. C. Paquet, eds.). Noyes Publishers, Park Ridge, New Jersey.
    • (1982) Wolves of the World , pp. 334-344
    • Pedersen, S.1
  • 69
    • 53049103577 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Correlates of mortality in an exploited wolf population
    • PERSON, D. K., AND A. L. RUSSELL. 2008. Correlates of mortality in an exploited wolf population. Journal of Wildlife Management 72:1540-1549.
    • (2008) Journal of Wildlife Management , vol.72 , pp. 1540-1549
    • Person, D.K.1    Russell, A.L.2
  • 70
    • 0031773680 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • MODELTEST: Testing the model of DNA substitution
    • POSADA, D., AND K. A. CRANDALL. 1998. MODELTEST: testing the model of DNA substitution. Bioinformatics 14:817-818. (Pubitemid 28552116)
    • (1998) Bioinformatics , vol.14 , Issue.9 , pp. 817-818
    • Posada, D.1    Crandall, K.A.2
  • 71
    • 0003269115 scopus 로고
    • The ice age and mammal speciation in North America
    • RAND, A. L. 1954. The ice age and mammal speciation in North America. Arctic 7:31-35.
    • (1954) Arctic , vol.7 , pp. 31-35
    • Rand, A.L.1
  • 72
    • 0033998509 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mitochondrial DNA variability in Italian and east European wolves: Detecting the consequences of small population size and hybridization
    • DOI 10.1046/j.1523-1739.2000.98280.x
    • RANDI, E., ET AL. 2000. Mitochondrial DNA variability in Italian and east European wolves: detecting the consequences of small population size and hybridization. Conservation Biology 14:464-473. (Pubitemid 30221260)
    • (2000) Conservation Biology , vol.14 , Issue.2 , pp. 464-473
    • Randi, E.1    Lucchini, V.2    Christensen, M.F.3    Mucci, N.4    Funk, S.M.5    Dolf, G.6    Loeschcke, V.7
  • 73
    • 0026548159 scopus 로고
    • Population growth makes waves in the distribution of pairwise genetic differences
    • ROGERS, A. R., AND H. HARPENDING. 1992. Population growth makes waves in the distribution of pairwise genetic differences. Molecular Biology and Evolution 9:552-569.
    • (1992) Molecular Biology and Evolution , vol.9 , pp. 552-569
    • Rogers, A.R.1    Harpending, H.2
  • 75
    • 0028308779 scopus 로고
    • Patterns of differentiation and hybridization in North American wolflike canids, revealed by analysis of microsatellite loci
    • ROY, M. S., E. GEFFEN, D. SMITH, E. A. OSTRANDER, AND R. K. WAYNE. 1994. Patterns of differentiation and hybridization in North American wolflike canids, revealed by analysis of microsatellite loci. Molecular Biology and Evolution 11:553-570. (Pubitemid 24198533)
    • (1994) Molecular Biology and Evolution , vol.11 , Issue.4 , pp. 553-570
    • Roy, M.S.1    Geffen, E.2    Smith, D.3    Ostrander, E.A.4    Wayne, R.K.5
  • 76
    • 0347513220 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • DnaSP, DNA polymorphism analyses by the coalescent and other methods
    • DOI 10.1093/bioinformatics/btg359
    • ROZAS, J., J. C. SANCHEZ-DE, I. BARRIO, X. MESSEGUER, AND R. ROZAS. 2003. DNASP, DNA polymorphism analyses by the coalescent and other methods. Bioinformatics 19:2496-2497. (Pubitemid 38016658)
    • (2003) Bioinformatics , vol.19 , Issue.18 , pp. 2496-2497
    • Rozas, J.1    Sanchez-DelBarrio, J.C.2    Messeguer, X.3    Rozas, R.4
  • 77
    • 17644388160 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Post-glacial colonization of the southern red-backed vole (Clethrionomys gapperi) in North America
    • RUNCK, A. M., AND J. A. COOK. 2005. Post-glacial colonization of the southern red-backed vole (Clethrionomys gapperi) in North America. Molecular Ecology 14:1445-1456.
    • (2005) Molecular Ecology , vol.14 , pp. 1445-1456
    • Runck, A.M.1    Cook, J.A.2
  • 78
    • 67649545172 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Historic hybridization and persistence of a novel mito-nuclear combination in red-backed voles (genus Myodes)
    • RUNCK, A., M. MATOCQ, AND J. A. COOK. 2009. Historic hybridization and persistence of a novel mito-nuclear combination in red-backed voles (genus Myodes). BMC Evolutionary Biology 9:114.
    • (2009) BMC Evolutionary Biology , vol.9 , pp. 114
    • Runck, A.1    Matocq, M.2    Cook, J.A.3
  • 79
    • 0022831119 scopus 로고
    • Pleistocene glaciations, fluctuating ranges, and low genetic variability in a large mammal (Ovis dalli)
    • SAGE, R. D., AND J. O. WOLFF. 1986. Pleistocene glaciations, fluctuating ranges, and low genetic variability in a large mammal (Ovis dalli). Evolution 40:1092-1095.
    • (1986) Evolution , vol.40 , pp. 1092-1095
    • Sage, R.D.1    Wolff, J.O.2
  • 80
    • 2242463993 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genetic evidence for an East Asian origin of domestic dogs
    • DOI 10.1126/science.1073906
    • SAVOLAINEN, P., Y. ZHANG, J. LUO, J. LUNDEBERG, AND T. LEITNER. 2002. Genetic evidence for an east Asian origin of domestic dogs. Nature 298:1610-1613. (Pubitemid 35387197)
    • (2002) Science , vol.298 , Issue.5598 , pp. 1610-1613
    • Savolainen, P.1    Zhang, Y.-P.2    Luo, J.3    Lundeberg, J.4    Leitner, T.5
  • 83
    • 0033552962 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Traffic lights at the Beringian crossroads
    • DOI 10.1038/16341
    • SHER, A. V. 1999. Traffic lights at the Beringian crossroads. Nature 397:103-104. (Pubitemid 29050898)
    • (1999) Nature , vol.397 , Issue.6715 , pp. 103-104
    • Sher, A.1
  • 84
    • 0009636209 scopus 로고
    • Random dispersal in theoretical populations
    • SKELLAM, T. G. 1951. Random dispersal in theoretical populations. Biometrika 38:196-218.
    • (1951) Biometrika , vol.38 , pp. 196-218
    • Skellam, T.G.1
  • 85
    • 0025951996 scopus 로고
    • Pairwise comparison of mitochondrial DNA sequences in stable and exponentially growing populations
    • SLATKIN, M., AND R. R. HUDSON. 1991. Pairwise comparison of mitochondrial DNA sequences in stable and exponentially growing populations. Genetics 129:555-562.
    • (1991) Genetics , vol.129 , pp. 555-562
    • Slatkin, M.1    Hudson, R.R.2
  • 86
    • 0037232485 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • American marten (Martes americana) in the Pacific Northwest: Population differentiation across a landscape fragmented in time and space
    • SMALL, M. P., K. D. STONE, AND J. A. COOK. 2003. American marten (Martes americana) in the Pacific Northwest: population differentiation across a landscape fragmented in time and space. Molecular Ecology 12:89-102.
    • (2003) Molecular Ecology , vol.12 , pp. 89-102
    • Small, M.P.1    Stone, K.D.2    Cook, J.A.3
  • 87
    • 0033824734 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phylogeography of black bears (Ursus americanus) of the Pacific Northwest
    • STONE, K. D., AND J. A. COOK. 2000. Phylogeography of black bears (Ursus americanus) of the Pacific Northwest. Canadian Journal of Zoology 78:1218-1223.
    • (2000) Canadian Journal of Zoology , vol.78 , pp. 1218-1223
    • Stone, K.D.1    Cook, J.A.2
  • 88
    • 0036790558 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Post-glacial colonization of northwestern North America by the forest associated American marten (Martes americana)
    • STONE, K. D., R. W. FLYNN, AND J. A. COOK. 2002. Post-glacial colonization of northwestern North America by the forest associated American marten (Martes americana). Molecular Ecology 11:2049-2063.
    • (2002) Molecular Ecology , vol.11 , pp. 2049-2063
    • Stone, K.D.1    Flynn, R.W.2    Cook, J.A.3
  • 89
    • 0024313579 scopus 로고
    • Statistical method for testing the neutral mutation hypothesis by DNA polymorphism
    • TAJIMA, F. 1989. Statistical method for testing the neutral mutation hypothesis by DNA polymorphism. Genetics 123:585-595. (Pubitemid 19274682)
    • (1989) Genetics , vol.123 , Issue.3 , pp. 585-595
    • Tajima, F.1
  • 90
    • 0030162288 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phylogeography of brown bears (Ursus arctos) of Alaska and paraphyly within the Ursidae
    • TALBOT, S. L., AND G. F. SHIELDS. 1996. Phylogeography of brown bears (Ursus arctos) of Alaska and paraphyly within the Ursidae. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 5:477-494.
    • (1996) Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution , vol.5 , pp. 477-494
    • Talbot, S.L.1    Shields, G.F.2
  • 91
    • 0030810253 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Extensive interbreeding occurred among multiple matriarchal ancestors during the domestication of dogs: Evidence from inter- and intraspecies polymorphisms in the D-loop region of mitochondrial DNA between dogs and wolves
    • DOI 10.1266/ggs.72.229
    • TSUDA, K., Y. KIKKAWA, H.YONEKAWA, AND Y. TANABE. 1997. Extensive interbreeding occurred among multiple matriarchal ancestors during the domestication of dogs: evidence from inter- and intraspecies polymorphisms in the D-loop region of mitochondrial DNA between dogs and wolves. Genes and Genetic Systems 72:229-238. (Pubitemid 27491860)
    • (1997) Genes and Genetic Systems , vol.72 , Issue.4 , pp. 229-238
    • Tsuda, K.1    Kikkawa, Y.2    Yonekawa, H.3    Tanabe, Y.4
  • 92
    • 0002452185 scopus 로고
    • Focus expansion in plant disease. II. Realistic parameter sparse models
    • VAN DEN BOSCH, F., J. C. ZADOKS, AND J. A. J. METZ. 1988. Focus expansion in plant disease. II. Realistic parameter sparse models. Phytopathology 78:59-64.
    • (1988) Phytopathology , vol.78 , pp. 59-64
    • Van Den Bosch, F.1    Zadoks, J.C.2    Metz, J.A.J.3
  • 95
    • 0031018637 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Estimating ancestral population parameters
    • WAKELEY, J., AND J. HEY. 1997. Estimating ancestral population parameters. Genetics 145:847-855. (Pubitemid 27108038)
    • (1997) Genetics , vol.145 , Issue.3 , pp. 847-855
    • Wakeley, J.1    Hey, J.2
  • 96
    • 4344715563 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A molecular perspective on the historical biogeography of the northern high latitudes
    • DOI 10.1644/BER-101
    • WALTARI, E., J. R. DEMBOSKI, D. KLEIN, AND J. A. COOK. 2004. A molecular perspective on the historical biogeography of the northern high latitudes. Journal of Mammalogy 85:601-610. (Pubitemid 39115968)
    • (2004) Journal of Mammalogy , vol.85 , Issue.4 , pp. 591-600
    • Waltari, E.1    Demboski, J.R.2    Klein, D.R.3    Cook, J.A.4
  • 97
    • 33947654356 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Eastward ho: Phylogeographic perspectives on colonization across the Beringian nexus
    • WALTARI, E., E. P. HOBERG, E. P. LESSA, AND J. A. COOK. 2007. Eastward ho: phylogeographic perspectives on colonization across the Beringian nexus. Journal of Biogeography 34:561-574.
    • (2007) Journal of Biogeography , vol.34 , pp. 561-574
    • Waltari, E.1    Hoberg, E.P.2    Lessa, E.P.3    Cook, J.A.4
  • 98
    • 0027028928 scopus 로고
    • Mitochondrial DNA variability of the gray wolf: genetic consequences of population decline and habitat fragmentation
    • WAYNE, R. K., N. LEHMAN, M. W. ALLARD, AND R. L. HONEYCUTT. 1992. Mitochondrial DNA variability of the gray wolf: genetic consequences of population decline and habitat fragmentation. Conservation Biology 6:559-569. (Pubitemid 24406936)
    • (1992) Conservation Biology , vol.6 , Issue.4 , pp. 559-569
    • Wayne, R.K.1    Lehman, N.2    Allard, M.W.3    Honeycutt, R.L.4
  • 99
    • 0002275782 scopus 로고
    • Conservation genetics of the gray wolf
    • (L. N. Carbyn, S. H. Fritts, and D. R. Seip, eds.). Canadian Circumpolar Institute, Occasional Publication
    • WAYNE, R. K., N. LEHMAN, AND T. K. FULLER. 1995. Conservation genetics of the gray wolf. Pp. 399-408 in Ecology and conservation of wolves in a changing world (L. N. Carbyn, S. H. Fritts, and D. R. Seip, eds.). Canadian Circumpolar Institute, Occasional Publication 35.
    • (1995) Ecology and Conservation of Wolves in A Changing World , vol.35 , pp. 399-408
    • Wayne, R.K.1    Lehman, N.2    Fuller, T.K.3
  • 100
    • 0027011221 scopus 로고
    • Global changes during the last 3 million years: Climatic controls and biotic responses
    • WEBB, T., AND P. J. BARTLEIN. 1992. Global changes during the last 3 million years: climatic controls and biotic responses. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 23:141-173.
    • (1992) Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics , vol.23 , pp. 141-173
    • Webb, T.1    Bartlein, P.J.2
  • 101
    • 16344373407 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A signal for independent coastal and continental histories among North American wolves
    • WECKWORTH, B. V., S. L. TALBOT, G. K. SAGE, D. K. PERSON, AND J. A. COOK. 2005. A signal for independent coastal and continental histories among North American wolves. Molecular Ecology 14:917-931.
    • (2005) Molecular Ecology , vol.14 , pp. 917-931
    • Weckworth, B.V.1    Talbot, S.L.2    Sage, G.K.3    Person, D.K.4    Cook, J.A.5
  • 102
    • 33947248885 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The latitudinal gradient in recent speciation and extinction rates of birds and mammals
    • DOI 10.1126/science.1135590
    • WEIR, J. T., AND D. SCHLUTER. 2007. The latitudinal gradient in recent speciation and extinction rates of birds and mammals. Science 315:1574-1576. (Pubitemid 46449473)
    • (2007) Science , vol.315 , Issue.5818 , pp. 1574-1576
    • Weir, J.T.1    Schluter, D.2
  • 103
    • 63249124706 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genetic analysis of historic western Great Lakes region wolf samples reveals early Canis lupus/lycaon hybridization
    • WHEELDON, T., AND B. N. WHITE. 2009. Genetic analysis of historic western Great Lakes region wolf samples reveals early Canis lupus/lycaon hybridization. Biology Letters 5:101-104.
    • (2009) Biology Letters , vol.5 , pp. 101-104
    • Wheeldon, T.1    White, B.N.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.