An ice age refugium for large mammals in the Alexander Archipelago, Southeastern Alaska

Quaternary Research

Volumn 46, Issue 2, 1996, Pages 186-192

  Heaton, Timothy H ^a   Talbot, Sandra L ^b   Shields, Gerald F ^b  

^a University of South Dakota   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF ALASKA FAIRBANKS   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

MAMMALIA; URSUS AMERICANUS; URSUS ARCTOS; URSUS MARITIMUS; VERTEBRATA;

BEAR; BIOGEOGRAPHY; ICE SHEET; MAMMAL; MAMMALIAN BIOGEOGRAPHY; REFUGIUM; WISCONSINAN;

USA, ALASKA, ALEXANDER ARCHIPELAGO;

EID: 0030436025     PISSN: 00335894     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1006/qres.1996.0058     Document Type: Article

References (44)

1. Avise, J. C. (1986). Mitochondrial DNA and the evolutionary genetics of higher animals. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, Series B 312, 325-342.
2. Banfield, A. W. F. (1961). A revision of the reindeer and caribou, genus Rangifer. National Museum of Canada Bulletin 177, 1-137.
3. Bocherens, H., Fizet, M., and Mariotti, A. (1994). Diet, physiology and ecology of fossil mammals as inferred from stable carbon and nitrogen isotope biogeochemistry: implications for Pleistocene bears. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 107, 213-225.
4. Cowan, I. M. (1989). Birds and mammals on the Queen Charlotte Islands. In "The Outer Shores" (G. G. E. Scudder and N. Gessler, Eds.), pp. 175-186. Queen Charlotte Islands Museum Press.
5. Cowan, I. M., and Guiguet, C. J. (1965). "The Mammals of British Columbia." British Columbia Provincial Museum Handbook 11, 3rd ed.
6. Cronin, M., Amstrup, S. C., Garner, G. W., and Vyse, E. R. (1991). Interspecific and intraspecific mitochondrial DNA variation in North American bears (Ursus). Canadian Journal of Zoology 69, 2985-2992.
7. Cwynar, L. C. (1990). A late Quaternary vegetation history from Lily Lake, Chilkat Peninsula, southeast Alaska. Canadian Journal of Botany 68, 1106-1112.
8. Dixon, E. J. (1993). "Quest for the Origin of the First Americans." University of New Mexico Press.
9. Fladmark, K. R. (1979). Routes: alternative migration corridors for early Man in North America. American Antiquities 44, 55-69.
10. Fladmark, K. R. (1983). Times and places: environmental correlates of mid-to-late Wisconsin human population expansion in North America. In "Early Man in the New World" (R. Shutler, Jr., Ed.), pp. 13-41. Sage Publications.
11. 13C measurements as indicators of carbon flow in marine and freshwater ecosystems. Contributions in Science 27, 13-47.
12. Graham, R. W. (1991). Variability in the size of North American Quaternary black bears (Ursus americanus) with the description of a fossil black bear from Bill Neff Cave, Virginia. Illinois State Museum Scientific Papers 23, 237-250.
13. Gruhn, R., (1988). Linguistic evidence in support of the coastal route of earliest entry into the New World. Man 23, 77-100.
14. Gruhn, R. (1994). The Pacific Coast route of initial entry: an overview. In "Method and Theory for Investigating the Peopling of the Americas" (R. Bonnichsen and D. G. Steele, Eds.), pp. 249-256. Center for the Study of the First Americans, Oregon State University.
15. Hall, E. R. (1981). "The Mammals of North America." 2nd ed. Wiley, New York.
16. Heaton, T. H. (1994). Variation in fossil and modern Ursus arctos from alaska (abstract). Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 14, 28A.
17. Heaton, T. H. (1995a). Middle Wisconsin bear and rodent remains discovered on Prince of Wales Island, Alaska. Current Research in the Pleistocene 12, 92-95.
18. 13C values from vertebrate remains of the Alexander Archipelago, southeast Alaska. Current Research in the Pleistocene 12, 95-97.
19. Heaton, T. H. (1995c). Colonization of southeast Alaska by Ursus arctos prior to the peak of Wisconsin glaciation (abstract). Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 15, 34A.
20. Heaton, T. H. (1996a). The fossil gold mine in the caves of southeast Alaska. National Speleological Society News 54, 172-175.
21. Heaton, T. H. (1996b). The Late Wisconsin vertebrate fauna of On Your Knees Cave, northern Prince of Wales Island, southeast Alaska (abstract). Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 16, 40A.
22. Heaton, T. H., and Grady, F. (1992a). Preliminary report on the fossil bears of El Capitan Cave, Prince of Wales Island, Alaska. Current Research in the Pleistocene 9, 97-99.
23. Heaton, T. H., and Grady, F. (1992b). Two species of bear found in late Pleistocene/early Holocene den in El Capitan Cave, Prince of Wales Island, southern Alaska coast (abstract). Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 12, 32A.
24. Heaton, T. H., and Grady, F. (1993). Fossil grizzly bears (Ursus arctos) from Prince of Wales Island, Alaska, offer new insights into animal dispersal, interspecific competition, and age of deglaciation. Current Research in the Pleistocene 10, 98-100.
25. Heaton, T. H., and Love, D. C. (1995). The 1994 excavation of a Quaternary vertebrate fossil deposit from Bumper Cave, Prince of Wales Island, Alaska. Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs 27(3), 57.
26. Heusser, C. J. (1960). "Late Pleistocene environments of north Pacific North America." Special Publication of the American Geographical Society 35.
27. Kimura, M. (1980). A simple method for estimating evolutionary rate of base substitution through comparative studies of nucleotide sequences. Journal of Molecular Evolution 16, 111-120.
28. Klein, D. R. (1965). Postglacial distribution patterns of mammals in the southern coastal regions of Alaska. Arctic 18, 7-20.
29. Kurtén, B. (1964). The evolution of the polar bear, Ursus maritimus Phipps. Acta Zoologica Fennica 108, 1-30.
30. Kurtén, B. (1968). "Pleistocene Mammals of Europe." Weidenfeld and Nicolsom, London.
31. Kurtén, B., and Anderson, E. (1980). "Pleistocene Mammals of North America." Columbia Univ. Press, New York.
32. Mann, D. H., and Hamilton, T. D. (1995). Late Pleistocene and Holocene paleoenvironments of the North Pacific Coast. Quaternary Science Reviews 14, 449-471.
33. Mustoe, G. E., and Carlstad, C. A. (1995). A late Pleistocene brown bear (Ursus arctos) from northwest Washington. Northwest Science 69, 106-113.
34. Nasmith, H. W. (1970). Pleistocene geology of the Queen Charlotte Islands and southern British Columbia. In "Early Man and Environments in Northwestern North America" (J. W. Smith and R. H. Smith, Eds.), pp. 5-9. University of Calgary Archaeological Association.
35. Prest, V. K. (1969). Retreat of Wisconsin and Recent ice in North America. Geological Survey of Canada Map 1257A.
36. Rausch, R. L. (1969). Origin of the Terrestrial Mammalian Fauna of the Kodiak Archipelago. In "The Kodiak Island Refugium: its Geology, Flora, Fauna and History" (T. N. V. Karlstrom and G. E. Ball, Eds.), pp. 216-234. Boreal Institute, University of Alberta, Ryerson Press.
37. Rogers, R. A. (1985). Glacial geography and native North American languages. Quaternary Research 23, 130-137.
38. Rogers, R. A., Martin, L. D., and Nicklas, T. D. (1990). Ice-Age geography and the distribution of native North American languages. Journal of Biogeography 17, 131-143.
39. Rogers, R. A., Rogers, L. A., Hoffmann, R. S., and Martin, L. D. (1991). Native American biological diversity and the biographic influence of ice age refugia. Journal of Biogeography 18, 623-630.
40. Shields, G. F., and Kocher, T. D. (1991). Phylogenetic relationships of North American ursids based on analysis of mitochondrial DNA. Evolution 45, 218-221.
41. Taberlet, P., and Bouvet, J. (1992). Genetique de l'ours brun des Pyrenees (Ursus arctos): premiers resultats. C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris 314, 15-21.
42. Talbot, S. L., and Shields, G. F. (1996). Phylogeography of brown bears (Ursus arctos) of Alaska and paraphyly within the Ursidae. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 5, 477-494.
43. Waits, L., Kohn, M., Talbot, S. L., Shields, G. F., Taberlet, P., Pääbo, S., and Ward, R. (1996). Mitochondrial phylogeography in brown bears (Ursus arctos) and Pleistocene climatic fluctuations. Proceedings of the National Academy of Science (submitted for publication).
44. Wilson, A. C., Cann, R. L., Carr, S. M., George, M., Gyllensten, U. B., Helm-Bychowski, K. M., Higuchi, R. G., Palumbi, S. R., Prager, E. M., Sage, R. D., and Stoneking, M. (1985). Mitochondrial DNA and two perspectives on evolutionary genetics. Biological Journal of the Linnaean Society 26, 375-400.