Simultaneous quantitation of morphine, 6-acetylmorphine, codeine, 6-acetylcodeine and tramadol in hair using mixed-mode solid-phase extraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry

Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry

Volumn 396, Issue 8, 2010, Pages 3059-3069

  Barroso, M ^a   Dias, M ^a   Vieira, D N ^a   Lopez Rivadulla M ^b   Queiroz, J A ^c  

^a INSTITUTO NACIONAL DE MEDICINA LEGAL E CIÊNCIAS FORENSES   (Portugal)

^b Instituto de Medicina Legal   (Spain)

^c UNIVERSITY OF BEIRA INTERIOR   (Portugal)

Author keywords

GC MS; Hair; Opiates; Solid phase extraction

Indexed keywords

ACETYLCODEINE; ANALYTES; BIOANALYTICAL METHODS; CORRELATION COEFFICIENT; CUT-OFF VALUE; GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY-MASS SPECTROMETRY; LOWER LIMIT OF QUANTITATIONS; MATRIX; MIXED-MODE SOLID-PHASE EXTRACTION; QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS; ROUTINE ANALYSIS; SAMPLE CLEAN-UP; SELECTED ION MONITORING; SOLID-PHASE EXTRACTION; TRAMADOL; TRIFLUOROACETAMIDES; TRIMETHYLCHLOROSILANES; TRIMETHYLSILYL;

CHEMICAL ANALYSIS; GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY; MASS SPECTROMETRY; METHANOL; QUALITY CONTROL;

EXTRACTION;

6-O-MONOACETYLMORPHINE; ACETYLCODEINE; CODEINE; DRUG DERIVATIVE; MORPHINE; MORPHINE 6 ACETATE; MORPHINE DERIVATIVE; TRAMADOL;

ARTICLE; CALIBRATION; CHEMISTRY; HAIR; HUMAN; MASS FRAGMENTOGRAPHY; METHODOLOGY; SOLID PHASE EXTRACTION; STATISTICAL PARAMETERS; VALIDATION STUDY;

CALIBRATION; CODEINE; GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY-MASS SPECTROMETRY; HAIR; HUMANS; LIMIT OF DETECTION; MORPHINE; MORPHINE DERIVATIVES; SOLID PHASE EXTRACTION; TRAMADOL;

EID: 77951216190     PISSN: 16182642     EISSN: 16182650     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s00216-010-3499-9     Document Type: Article

References (56)

1. DM Bush 2008 The U.S. Mandatory Guidelines for Federal Workplace Drug Testing Programs: current status and future considerations Forensic Sci Int 174 111 119 10.1016/j.forsciint.2007.03.008
2. L Tsanaclis JF Wicks 2007 Patterns in drug use in the United Kingdom as revealed through analysis of hair in a large population sample Forensic Sci Int 170 121 128 10.1016/j.forsciint.2007.03.033 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2sXot1Oqs7s%3D (Pubitemid 47088883)
3. P Kintz M Villain V Dumestre V Cirimele 2005 Evidence of addiction by anesthesiologists as documented by hair analysis Forensic Sci Int 153 81 84 10.1016/j.forsciint.2005.04.033 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2MXmsVWltLY%3D (Pubitemid 41008657)
4. T Cairns V Hill M Schaffer W Thistle 2004 Levels of cocaine and its metabolites in washed hair of demonstrated cocaine users and workplace subjects Forensic Sci Int 145 175 181 10.1016/j.forsciint.2004.04.033 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2cXnvV2jt7o%3D (Pubitemid 39296635)
5. T Cairns V Hill M Schaffer W Thistle 2004 Amphetamines in washed hair of demonstrated users and workplace subjects Forensic Sci Int 145 137 142 10.1016/j.forsciint.2004.04.028 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2cXnvV2jtrc%3D (Pubitemid 39296631)
6. E Gallardo M Barroso JA Queiroz 2009 LC-MS: a powerful tool in workplace drug testing Drug Test Analysis 1 109 115 10.1002/dta.26 1:CAS:528: DC%2BD1MXhtVyntr7J
7. EJ Cone 2001 Legal, workplace, and treatment drug testing with alternate biological matrices on a global scale Forensic Sci Int 121 7 15 10.1016/S0379-0738(01)00446-7 1:STN:280:DC%2BD3MvntF2htg%3D%3D (Pubitemid 32758807)
8. E Gallardo JA Queiroz 2008 The role of alternative specimens in toxicological analysis Biomed Chromatogr 22 795 821 10.1002/bmc.1009 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1cXhtVehsb3L
9. YH Caplan BA Goldberger 2001 Alternative specimens for workplace drug testing J. Anal Toxicol 25 396 369 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3MXlsFals7Y%3D
10. P Kintz M Villain V Cirimele 2008 Chemical abuse in the elderly: evidence from hair analysis Ther Drug Monit 30 207 211 10.1097/FTD.0b013e31816bac44 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1cXjslSqtbk%3D (Pubitemid 351521649)
11. R Rossi M Lancia C Gambelunghe A Oliva N Fucci 2009 Identification of GHB and morphine in hair in a case of drug-facilitated sexual assault Forensic Sci Int 186 e9 e11 10.1016/j.forsciint.2009.01.017 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1MXjsFahsbw%3D
12. MA LeBeau 2008 Guidance for improved detection of drugs used to facilitate crimes Ther Drug Monit 30 229 233 10.1097/FTD.0b013e31816791d7 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1cXjslSqur8%3D (Pubitemid 351521653)
13. P Kintz 2007 Bioanalytical procedures for detection of chemical agents in hair in the case of drug-facilitated crimes Anal Bioanal Chem 388 1467 1474 10.1007/s00216-007-1209-z 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2sXnsVeqt7Y%3D (Pubitemid 47150873)
14. A Negrusz RE Gaensslen 2003 Analytical developments in toxicological investigation of drug-facilitated sexual assault Anal Bioanal Chem 376 1192 1197 10.1007/s00216-003-1896-z 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3sXmtFyktrc%3D (Pubitemid 40871607)
15. J Lozano O García-Algar O Vall R de la Torre G Scaravelli S Pichini 2007 Biological matrices for the evaluation of in utero exposure to drugs of abuse Ther Drug Monit 29 711 734 10.1097/FTD.0b013e31815c14ce 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2sXhtlGiu7fK (Pubitemid 350190848)
16. T Gray M Huestis 2007 Bioanalytical procedures for monitoring in utero drug exposure Anal Bioanal Chem 388 1455 1465 10.1007/s00216-007-1228-9 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2sXnsVeqt7c%3D (Pubitemid 47150872)
17. P Kintz M Villain V Cirimele 2006 Hair analysis for drug detection Ther Drug Monit 28 442 446 10.1097/01.ftd.0000211811.27558.b5 1:CAS:528: DC%2BD28Xls1Khtb8%3D (Pubitemid 44314934)
18. P Kintz N Samyn 2002 Use of alternative specimens: drugs of abuse in saliva and doping agents in hair Ther Drug Monit 24 239 246 10.1097/00007691- 200204000-00006 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD38XivVyjur4%3D (Pubitemid 34246553)
19. M Bresson V Cirimele M Villain P Kintz 2006 Doping control for metandienone using hair analyzed by gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry J Chromatogr B 836 124 128 10.1016/j.jchromb.2006.03.040 1:CAS:528: DC%2BD28XksFaktr8%3D
20. V Dumestre-Toulet V Cirimele B Ludes S Gromb P Kintz 2002 Hair analysis of seven bodybuilders for anabolic steroids, ephedrine, and clenbuterol J Forensic Sci 47 211 214 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD38XhtVyksbk%3D
21. G Frison D Favretto S Vogliardi C Terranova SD Ferrara 2008 Quantification of citalopram or escitalopram and their demethylated metabolites in neonatal hair samples by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry Ther Drug Monit 30 467 473 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1cXpsVCiu7w%3D
22. A Florescu R Ferrence T Einarson P Selby O Soldin G Koren 2009 Methods for quantification of exposure to cigarette smoking and environmental tobacco smoke: focus on developmental toxicology Ther Drug Monit 31 14 30 10.1097/FTD.0b013e3181957a3b 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1MXpt1equw%3D%3D
23. A Pelander J Ristimaa I Rasanen E Vuori I Ojanperä 2008 Screening for basic drugs in hair of drug addicts by liquid chromatography/time-of-flight mass spectrometry Ther Drug Monit 30 717 724 10.1097/FTD.0b013e3181897cfa 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1cXhsVKnt73L
24. European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction (2008) 2008 annual report on the state of drugs problem in Europe http://www.emcdda.europa. eu/publications/annual-report/2008. Accessed 21 Sept 2009.
25. C Girod C Staub 2000 Analysis of drugs of abuse in hair by automated solid-phase extraction, GC/EI/MS and GC ion trap/CI/MS Forensic Sci Int 107 261 271 10.1016/S0379-0738(99)00169-3 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3cXhtVWqsw%3D%3D (Pubitemid 30019297)
26. G Romano N Barbera G Spadaro V Valenti 2003 Determination of drugs of abuse in hair: evaluation of external heroin contamination and risk of false positives Forensic Sci Int 131 98 102 10.1016/S0379-0738(02)00413-9 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3sXhtVCntr0%3D (Pubitemid 36183253)
27. C Moore M Feldman E Harrison S Rana C Coulter D Kuntz A Agrawal M Vincent J Soares 2006 Disposition of hydrocodone in hair J Anal Toxicol 30 53 359
28. R Cordero S Paterson 2007 Simultaneous quantification of opiates, amphetamines, cocaine and metabolites and diazepam and metabolite in a single hair sample using GC-MS J Chromatogr B 850 423 431 10.1016/j.jchromb.2006.12.021 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2sXkslKqu7g%3D (Pubitemid 46618192)
29. L Skender V Karacić I Brcić A Bagarić 2002 Quantitative determination of amphetamines, cocaine, and opiates in human hair by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry Forensic Sci Int 125 120 126 10.1016/S0379-0738(01)00630-2 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD38XitFakt74%3D (Pubitemid 34224133)
30. C Gambelunghe R Rossi C Ferranti R Rossi M Bacci 2005 Hair analysis by GC/MS/MS to verify abuse of drugs J Appl Toxicol 25 205 211 10.1002/jat.1054 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2MXkvF2kurw%3D (Pubitemid 40806341)
31. KB Scheidweiler EJ Cone ET Moolchan MA Huestis 2005 Dose-related distribution of codeine, cocaine, and metabolites into human hair following controlled oral codeine and subcutaneous cocaine administration J Pharmacol Exp Ther 313 909 915 10.1124/jpet.104.082388 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2MXktFemt78%3D (Pubitemid 40604195)
32. M Kłys S Rojek J Kulikowska E Bozek M Scisłowski 2007 Usefulness of multi-parameter opiates-amphetamines-cocainics analysis in hair of drug users for the evaluation of an abuse profile by means of LC-APCI-MS-MS J Chromatogr B 854 299 307 10.1016/j.jchromb.2007.04.040 (Pubitemid 46962394)
33. F Pragst MA Baliková 2006 State of the art in hair analysis for detection of drug and alcohol abuse Clin Chim Acta 370 17 49 10.1016/j.cca.2006.02.019 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD28XntlWns7w%3D (Pubitemid 44137285)
34. P Kintz C Jamey V Cirimele R Brenneisen B Ludes 1998 Evaluation of acetylcodeine as a specific marker of illicit heroin in human hair J Anal Toxicol 22 425 429 1:CAS:528:DyaK1cXms1Cqs7k%3D
35. KA Hadidi JK Almasad T Al-Nsour S Abu-Ragheib 2003 Determination of tramadol in hair using solid phase extraction and GC-MS Forensic Sci Int 135 129 136 10.1016/S0379-0738(03)00196-8 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3sXmt1ensb8%3D (Pubitemid 36960218)
36. EC de Lima CL da Silva ML Gauchée MF Tavares 2003 Critical comparison of extraction procedures for the capillary electrophoretic analysis of opiates in hair J Capill Electrophor Microchip Technol 8 111 116
37. C Moore L Marinetti C Coulter K Crompton 2008 Analysis of pain management drugs, specifically fentanyl, in hair: application to forensic specimens Forensic Sci Int 176 47 50 10.1016/j.forsciint.2007.06.027 1:CAS:528: DC%2BD1cXitlersrc%3D (Pubitemid 351273940)
38. MA Balíková V Habrdová 2003 Hair analysis for opiates: evaluation of washing and incubation procedures J Chromatogr B 789 93 100 10.1016/S1570-0232(03)00134-X (Pubitemid 36513790)
39. YH Wu KL Lin SC Chen YZ Chang 2008 Simultaneous quantitative determination of amphetamines, ketamine, opiates and metabolites in human hair by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 22 887 897 10.1002/rcm.3409 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1cXks1amsLs%3D (Pubitemid 351442563)
40. F Musshoff K Lachenmeier H Wollersen D Lichtermann B Madea 2005 Opiate concentrations in hair from subjects in a controlled heroin-maintenance program and from opiate-associated fatalities J Anal Toxicol 29 345 352 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2MXmvVGhsLY%3D
41. K Lachenmeier F Musshoff B Madea 2006 Determination of opiates and cocaine in hair using automated enzyme immunoassay screening methodologies followed by gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric (GC-MS) confirmation Forensic Sci Int 159 189 199 10.1016/j.forsciint.2005.08.009 1:CAS:528: DC%2BD28XkslSlsLk%3D
42. WADA - World Anti-Doping Agency (2004) nternational Standard for Laboratories. Identification criteria for qualitative assays incorporating chromatography and mass spectrometry. 2004, URL: http://www.wada-ama.org/ rtecontent/document/criteria-1-2.pdf. Accessed 19 May 2009.
43. M Barroso M Dias DN Vieira JA Queiroz M López-Rivadulla 2008 Development and validation of an analytical method for the simultaneous determination of cocaine and its main metabolite, benzoylecgonine, in human hair by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 22 3320 3326 10.1002/rcm.3738 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1cXhtleiu7rP
44. F Musshoff B Madea 2007 Analytical pitfalls in hair testing Anal Bioanal Chem 388 1475 1494 10.1007/s00216-007-1288-x 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2sXnsVeqtr0%3D (Pubitemid 47150874)
45. C Hoelzle F Scheufler M Uhl H Sachs D Thieme 2008 Application of discriminant analysis to differentiate between incorporation of cocaine and its congeners into hair and contamination Forensic Sci Int 176 13 18 10.1016/j.forsciint.2007.07.020 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1cXitlersrw%3D
46. Society of Hair Testing 2004 Recommendations for hair testing in forensic cases Forensic Sci Int 145 83 84 10.1016/j.forsciint.2004.04.022 (Pubitemid 39296624)
47. A Polettini C Stramesi C Vignali M Montagna 1997 Determination of opiates in hair. Effects of extraction methods on recovery and on stability of analytes Forensic Sci Int 84 259 269 10.1016/S0379-0738(96)02070-1 1:CAS:528: DyaK2sXhs12ku7Y%3D (Pubitemid 27055643)
48. Food and Drug Administration: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (2001) Guidance for Industry, Bioanalytical Method Validation. FDA http://www.fda.gov/downloads/Drugs/GuidanceComplianceRegulatoryInformation/ Guidances/UCM070107.pdf. Accessed 19 May 2009.
49. International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) (2005) Validation of Analytical Procedures: Methodology ICH Q2 B. ICH http://www.ich.org/LOB/media/ MEDIA417.pdf. Accessed 19 May 2009.
50. F Musshoff B Madea 2007 New trends in hair analysis and scientific demands on validation and technical notes Forensic Sci Int 165 204 215 10.1016/j.forsciint.2006.05.024 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2sXltV2ksg%3D%3D (Pubitemid 46084889)
51. P Kintz P Bundeli R Brenneisen B Ludes 1998 Dose-concentration relationships in hair from subjects in a controlled heroin-maintenance program J Anal Toxicol 22 231 236 1:CAS:528:DyaK1cXjt1Srtbw%3D
52. R Kronstrand I Nÿstrom K Strandberg H Druid 2004 Screening for drugs of abuse in hair with ion spray LC-MS-MS Forensic Sci Int 145 183 190 10.1016/j.forsciint.2004.04.034 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2cXnvV2jt7s%3D (Pubitemid 39296636)
53. F Musshoff K Lachenmeier D Lichtermann B Madea 2009 Cocaine and opiate concentrations in hair from subjects in a heroin maintenance program in comparison to a methadone substituted group Int J Legal Med 123 363 369 10.1007/s00414-008-0272-0
54. O Sabzevari Kh Abdi A Amini A Shafiee 2004 Application of a simple and sensitive GC-MS method for determination of morphine in the hair of opium abusers Anal Bioanal Chem 379 120 124 10.1007/s00216-004-2563-8 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2cXjsVajsrg%3D (Pubitemid 40877630)
55. S Hegstad HZ Khiabani L Kristoffersen N Kunøe PP Lobmaier AS Christophersen 2008 Drug screening of hair by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry J Anal Toxicol 32 364 372 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1cXmvVGnt70%3D
56. EI Miller FM Wylie JS Oliver 2008 Simultaneous detection and quantification of amphetamines, diazepam and its metabolites, cocaine and its metabolites, and opiates in hair by LC-ESI-MS-MS using a single extraction method J Anal Toxicol 32 457 469 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1cXps1eksrc%3D