Cocaine and opiate concentrations in hair from subjects in a heroin maintenance program in comparison to a methadone substituted group

International Journal of Legal Medicine

Volumn 123, Issue 5, 2009, Pages 363-369

  Musshoff, Frank ^a   Lachenmeier, Katrin ^a   Lichtermann, Dirk ^a   Madea, Burkhard ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF BONN   (Germany)

Author keywords

Acetylcodeine; GC MS; Hair analysis; Heroin maintenance program; Opiates

Indexed keywords

ACETYLCODEINE; COCAINE; METHADONE; OPIATE;

ARTICLE; CLINICAL ARTICLE; COCAINE DEPENDENCE; COMPARATIVE STUDY; CONCENTRATION (PARAMETERS); CONTROLLED STUDY; HAIR ANALYSIS; HEALTH PROGRAM; HUMAN; HUMAN TISSUE; INCIDENCE; MASS FRAGMENTOGRAPHY; PRIORITY JOURNAL;

COCAINE; CODEINE; DOPAMINE UPTAKE INHIBITORS; GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY-MASS SPECTROMETRY; HAIR; HEROIN; HEROIN DEPENDENCE; HUMANS; LINEAR MODELS; METHADONE; NARCOTICS; SUBSTANCE ABUSE DETECTION;

EID: 70349679305     PISSN: 09379827     EISSN: 14371596     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s00414-008-0272-0     Document Type: Article

References (41)

1. Madea B, Musshoff F (2004) Haaranalytik, Technik und Interpretation in Medizin und Recht. Deutscher Ärzteverlag, Cologne
2. F Pragst MA Balikova 2006 State of the art in hair analysis for detection of drug and alcohol abuse Clin Chim Acta 370 17 49 16624267 10.1016/j.cca.2006.02.019 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD28XntlWns7w%3D (Pubitemid 44137285)
3. F Musshoff B Madea 2007 New trends in hair analysis and scientific demands on validation and technical notes Forensic Sci Int 165 204 215 16814972 10.1016/j.forsciint.2006.05.024 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2sXltV2ksg%3D%3D (Pubitemid 46084889)
4. F Musshoff B Madea 2007 Analytical pitfalls in hair testing Anal Bioanal Chem 388 1475 1494 17486322 10.1007/s00216-007-1288-x 1:CAS:528: DC%2BD2sXnsVeqtr0%3D (Pubitemid 47150874)
5. D Thieme B Rolf H Sachs D Schmid 2008 Correlation of inter-individual variations of amitriptyline metabolism examined in hairs with CYP2C19 and CYP2D6 polymorphisms Int J Legal Med 122 149 155 17992535 10.1007/s00414-007-0184-4
6. H Sachs W Arnold 1989 Results of comparative determination of morphine in human hair using RIA and GC/MS J Clin Chem Clin Biochem 27 873 877 2607316 1:CAS:528:DyaK3cXjtFOrtA%3D%3D
7. M Cassani V Spiehler 1993 Analytical requirements, perspectives and limits of immunological methods for drugs in hair Forensic Sci Int 63 175 184 8138219 10.1016/0379-0738(93)90272-C 1:CAS:528:DyaK2cXivFWms7k%3D (Pubitemid 24045453)
8. S Strano-Rossi A Bermejo-Barrera M Chiarotti 1995 Segmental hair analysis for cocaine and heroin abuse determination Forensic Sci Int 70 211 216 7860033 10.1016/0379-0738(94)01620-K 1:CAS:528:DyaK2MXjvVKmtb0%3D
9. F Tagliaro R Valentini G Manetto F Crivellente G Carli M Marigo 2000 Hair analysis by using radioimmunoassay, high-performance liquid chromatography and capillary electrophoresis to investigate chronic exposure to heroin, cocaine and/or ecstasy in applicants for driving licences Forensic Sci Int 107 121 128 10689566 10.1016/S0379-0738(99)00157-7 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3cXhtVWkuw%3D%3D (Pubitemid 30019285)
10. K Lachenmeier F Musshoff B Madea 2005 Determination of opiates and cocaine in hair using automated enzyme immunoassay screening methodologies followed by gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric (GC-MS) confirmation Forensic Sci Int 159 189 199 16203118 10.1016/j.forsciint.2005.08.009
11. MR Moeller P Fey R Wennig 1993 Simultaneous determination of drugs of abuse (opiates, cocaine and amphetamine) in human hair by GC/MS and its application to a methadone treatment program Forensic Sci Int 63 185 206 8138220 10.1016/0379-0738(93)90273-D 1:CAS:528:DyaK2cXjtFOnsL8%3D (Pubitemid 124010746)
12. EJ Cone WD Darwin WL Wang 1993 The occurrence of cocaine, heroin and metabolites in hair of drug abusers Forensic Sci Int 63 55 68 8138234 10.1016/0379-0738(93)90259-D 1:CAS:528:DyaK2cXivFWmtLY%3D (Pubitemid 24045440)
13. WL Wang WD Darwin EJ Cone 1994 Simultaneous assay of cocaine, heroin and metabolites in hair, plasma, saliva and urine by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry J Chromatogr B Biomed Appl 660 279 290 7866518 10.1016/0378- 4347(94)00309-2 1:CAS:528:DyaK2cXmslequrk%3D (Pubitemid 24318794)
14. P Kintz P Mangin 1995 Simultaneous determination of opiates, cocaine and major metabolites of cocaine in human hair by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) Forensic Sci Int 73 93 100 7797192 10.1016/0379-0738(95) 01725-X 1:CAS:528:DyaK2MXmslymtr4%3D
15. Y Gaillard G Pepin 1997 Simultaneous solid-phase extraction on C18 cartridges of opiates and cocainics for an improved quantitation in human hair by GC-MS: one year of forensic applications Forensic Sci Int 86 49 59 9153782 10.1016/S0379-0738(97)02125-7 1:CAS:528:DyaK2sXjtlOju7s%3D (Pubitemid 27187315)
16. KM Hoeld DG Wilkins DE Rollins 1998 Simultaneous quantitation of cocaine, opiates, and their metabolites in human hair by positive ion chemical ionization gas chromatography-mass spectrometry J Chromatogr Sci 36 125 130
17. S Pichini R Pacifici I Altieri M Pellegrini P Zuccaro 1999 Determination of opiates and cocaine in hair as trimethylsilyl derivatives using gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry J Anal Toxicol 23 343 348 10488921 1:CAS:528:DyaK1MXlvVWis7w%3D (Pubitemid 29418301)
18. BA Goldberger YH Caplan T Maguire EJ Cone 1991 Testing human hair for drugs of abuse. III. Identification of heroin and 6-acetylmorphine as indicators of heroin use J Anal Toxicol 15 226 231 1960970 1:CAS:528:DyaK3MXmt1Gmuro%3D
19. Y Nakahara K Takahashi M Shimamine A Saitoh 1992 Hair analysis for drugs of abuse. IV. Determination of total morphine and confirmation of 6-acetylmorphine in monkey and human hair by GC/MS Arch Toxicol 66 669 674 1482290 10.1007/BF01981507 1:CAS:528:DyaK3sXhslGgtA%3D%3D
20. A Polettini A Groppi M Montagna 1993 Rapid and highly selective GC/MS/MS detection of heroin and its metabolites in hair Forensic Sci Int 63 217 225 8138223 10.1016/0379-0738(93)90275-F 1:CAS:528:DyaK2cXjtFOnsL0%3D (Pubitemid 24045456)
21. G Kauert J Rohrich 1996 Concentrations of delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol, cocaine and 6-monoacetylmorphine in hair of drug abusers Int J Legal Med 108 294 299 8793636 10.1007/BF02432123 1:STN:280:DyaK28zosFyjtA%3D%3D (Pubitemid 26189558)
22. M Uhl 1997 Determination of drugs in hair using GC/MS/MS Forensic Sci Int 84 281 294 9042734 10.1016/S0379-0738(96)02072-5 1:CAS:528:DyaK2sXhs12rs7Y%3D (Pubitemid 27055645)
23. BK Charles JE Day DE Rollins D Andrenyak W Ling DG Wilkins 2003 Opiate recidivism in a drug-treatment program: comparison of hair and urine data J Anal Toxicol 27 412 428 14606994 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3sXos1Glu74%3D
24. O Sabzevari K Abdi M Amini A Shafiee 2004 Application of a simple and sensitive GC-MS method for determination of morphine in the hair of opium abusers Anal Bioanal Chem 379 120 124 15024546 10.1007/s00216-004-2563-8 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2cXjsVajsrg%3D (Pubitemid 40877630)
25. C Jurado MP Gimenez M Menendez M Repetto 1995 Simultaneous quantification of opiates, cocaine and cannabinoids in hair Forensic Sci Int 70 165 174 7860028 10.1016/0379-0738(94)01624-E 1:CAS:528:DyaK2MXjvVKmtLY%3D
26. M Montagna C Stramesi C Vignali A Groppi A Polettini 2000 Simultaneous hair testing for opiates, cocaine, and metabolites by GC-MS: a survey of applicants for driving licenses with a history of drug use Forensic Sci Int 107 157 167 10689569 10.1016/S0379-0738(99)00160-7 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3cXhtVWrsA%3D%3D (Pubitemid 30019288)
27. C Girod C Staub 2000 Analysis of drugs of abuse in hair by automated solid-phase extraction, GC/EI/MS and GC ion trap/CI/MS Forensic Sci Int 107 261 271 10689578 10.1016/S0379-0738(99)00169-3 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3cXhtVWqsw%3D%3D (Pubitemid 30019297)
28. D Wilkins DE Rollins J Seaman H Haughey G Krueger R Foltz 1995 Quantitative determination of codeine and its major metabolites in human hair by gas chromatography-positive ion chemical ionization mass spectrometry: a clinical application J Anal Toxicol 19 269 274 7500611 1:CAS:528: DyaK2MXnsFOqs7c%3D
29. A Polettini C Stramesi C Vignali M Montagna 1997 Determination of opiates in hair. Effects of extraction methods on recovery and on stability of analytes Forensic Sci Int 84 259 269 9042732 10.1016/S0379-0738(96)02070-1 1:CAS:528:DyaK2sXhs12ku7Y%3D (Pubitemid 27055643)
30. Y Nakahara 1999 Hair analysis for abused and therapeutic drugs J Chromatogr B Biomed Sci Appl 733 161 180 10572981 10.1016/S0378-4347(99)00059-6 1:CAS:528:DyaK1MXmvVKhtLc%3D (Pubitemid 29481772)
31. P Kintz P Bundeli R Brenneisen B Ludes 1998 Dose-concentration relationships in hair from subjects in a controlled heroin-maintenance program J Anal Toxicol 22 231 236 9602941 1:CAS:528:DyaK1cXjt1Srtbw%3D
32. P Kintz C Jamey V Cirimele R Brenneisen B Ludes 1998 Evaluation of acetylcodeine as a specific marker of illicit heroin in human hair J Anal Toxicol 22 425 429 9788516 1:CAS:528:DyaK1cXms1Cqs7k%3D
33. C Girod C Staub 2001 Acetylcodeine as a marker of illicit heroin in human hair: method validation and results of a pilot study J Anal Toxicol 25 106 111 11300501 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3MXitFajt7k%3D (Pubitemid 32205325)
34. M Backmund 2001 Substitution und Heroin-Substitutionsbehandlung-eine kurze Übersicht Suchtmed 3 225 228
35. C Haasen U Verthein P Degwitz J Berger M Krausz D Naber 2007 Heroin-assisted treatment for opioid dependence: a randomised, controlled trial Br J Psychiatry 191 55 62 17602126 10.1192/bjp.bp.106.026112 (Pubitemid 47035182)
36. FT Peters HH Maurer 2002 Bioanalytical method validation and its implications for forensic and clinical toxicology-a review Accredit Qual Assur 7 441 449 10.1007/s00769-002-0516-5 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD38Xos1Whu7o%3D (Pubitemid 36165305)
37. FT Peters OH Drummer F Musshoff 2007 Validation of new methods Forensic Sci Int 165 216 224 16781833 10.1016/j.forsciint.2006.05.021 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2sXltV2ksw%3D%3D (Pubitemid 46073540)
38. Schmitt G, Herbold M, Peters F (2003) Methodenvalidierung im forensisch-toxikologischen Labor. Arvecon GmbH, Germany
39. A Dobler-Mikola S Pfeifer V Müller A Uchtenhagen 2000 Vergleich Methadon- und Heroinverschreibungen in der Schweiz Suchttherapie 1 63 66 10.1055/s-2000-15605
40. CL O'Neal A Poklis 1998 The detection of acetylcodeine and 6-acetylmorphine in opiate positive urines Forensic Sci Int 95 1 10 9718666 10.1016/S0379-0738(98)00074-7 (Pubitemid 28342621)
41. F Musshoff K Lachenmeier H Wollersen D Lichtermann B Madea 2005 Opiate concentrations in hair from subjects in a controlled heroin-maintenance program and from opiate-associated fatalities J Anal Toxicol 29 345 352 16105259 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2MXmvVGhsLY%3D