메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 47, Issue 2, 2010, Pages 356-365

Fire intensity, fire severity and ecosystem response in heathlands: Factors affecting the regeneration of Calluna vulgaris

Author keywords

Fire effects; Fireline intensity; Moorland; Muirburn; Permanova; Pyrometer; Redundancy Analysis; Residence time; Thermocouple

Indexed keywords

CONSERVATION MANAGEMENT; DEER; DICOTYLEDON; ECOSYSTEM RESPONSE; FIRE MANAGEMENT; GAMEBIRD; GRAZING; HEATHLAND; MOORLAND; PRESCRIBED BURNING; REGENERATION; RESIDENCE TIME; SEEDLING; SHEEP; SUBSTRATE; VEGETATION COVER;

EID: 77951178639     PISSN: 00218901     EISSN: 13652664     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2664.2010.01774.x     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (61)

References (74)
  • 1
    • 0002154022 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A new method for non-parametric multivariate analysis of variance
    • Anderson MJ. A new method for non-parametric multivariate analysis of variance. Austral Ecology 2001, 26:32-46.
    • (2001) Austral Ecology , vol.26 , pp. 32-46
    • Anderson, M.J.1
  • 3
    • 0000108460 scopus 로고
    • The description and interpretation of cyclical processes in a heath community I. Vegetational change in relation to the Calluna cycle
    • Barclay-Estrup P, Gimingham CH. The description and interpretation of cyclical processes in a heath community I. Vegetational change in relation to the Calluna cycle. Journal of Ecology 1969, 57:737-758.
    • (1969) Journal of Ecology , vol.57 , pp. 737-758
    • Barclay-Estrup, P.1    Gimingham, C.H.2
  • 4
    • 0028976859 scopus 로고
    • The extent and condition of heather on moorland in the uplands of England and Wales
    • Bardgett RD, Marsden JH, Howard DC. The extent and condition of heather on moorland in the uplands of England and Wales. Biological Conservation 1995, 71:155-161.
    • (1995) Biological Conservation , vol.71 , pp. 155-161
    • Bardgett, R.D.1    Marsden, J.H.2    Howard, D.C.3
  • 6
    • 30544438700 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Autoinhibition of germination and seedling establishment by leachate of Calluna vulgaris leaves and litter
    • Bonanomi G, Legg C, Mazzoloni S. Autoinhibition of germination and seedling establishment by leachate of Calluna vulgaris leaves and litter. Community Ecology 2005, 6:203-208.
    • (2005) Community Ecology , vol.6 , pp. 203-208
    • Bonanomi, G.1    Legg, C.2    Mazzoloni, S.3
  • 9
    • 0028975898 scopus 로고
    • Responses to severe fires in heathland mosaics in southern England
    • Bullock JM, Webb NR. Responses to severe fires in heathland mosaics in southern England. Biological Conservation 1995, 73:207-214.
    • (1995) Biological Conservation , vol.73 , pp. 207-214
    • Bullock, J.M.1    Webb, N.R.2
  • 10
    • 0002265638 scopus 로고
    • Combustion of forest fuels
    • Davis KP. ed, McGraw-Hill, London
    • Byram GM. Combustion of forest fuels. Forest Fire Control and Use 1959, 61-123. Davis KP. ed, pp, McGraw-Hill, London
    • (1959) Forest Fire Control and Use , pp. 61-123
    • Byram, G.M.1
  • 11
    • 0036084405 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regeneration patterns in a Calluna vulgaris heathland in the Cantabrian mountains (NW Spain): effects of burning, cutting and ploughing
    • Calvo L, Tarrega R, Luis E. Regeneration patterns in a Calluna vulgaris heathland in the Cantabrian mountains (NW Spain): effects of burning, cutting and ploughing. Acta Oecologica 2002, 23:81-90.
    • (2002) Acta Oecologica , vol.23 , pp. 81-90
    • Calvo, L.1    Tarrega, R.2    Luis, E.3
  • 12
    • 77951175380 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Available from [accessed 2 November 2009]
    • http://ec.europa.eu/environment/nature/legislation/habitatsdirective/index_en.htm, Available from [accessed 2 November 2009]
  • 13
    • 45849135033 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • PhD thesis, University of Edinburgh, Available from [accessed 17 March 2009]
    • Davies GM. Fire behaviour and impact on heather moorland 2005, http://www.era.lib.ed.ac.uk/handle/1842/2609, PhD thesis, University of Edinburgh, Available from [accessed 17 March 2009]
    • (2005) Fire behaviour and impact on heather moorland
    • Davies, G.M.1
  • 14
    • 58849109848 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The impact of traditional management burning on lichen diversity
    • Davies GM, Legg CJ. The impact of traditional management burning on lichen diversity. Applied Vegetation Science 2008, 11:529-538.
    • (2008) Applied Vegetation Science , vol.11 , pp. 529-538
    • Davies, G.M.1    Legg, C.J.2
  • 15
    • 42949097622 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Developing shrub fire behaviour models in an oceanic climate: Burning in the British uplands
    • Full paper available from [accessed 31 May 2009]
    • Davies GM, Legg CJ, Smith A, MacDonald A. Developing shrub fire behaviour models in an oceanic climate: Burning in the British uplands. Forest Ecology and Management 2006, 234(Supplement 1). http://hdl.handle.net/1842/2700, Full paper available from [accessed 31 May 2009]
    • (2006) Forest Ecology and Management , vol.234 , Issue.SUPPL. 1
    • Davies, G.M.1    Legg, C.J.2    Smith, A.3    MacDonald, A.4
  • 18
    • 70349705618 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fire rate of spread in Calluna vulgaris-dominated moorlands
    • [DOI
    • Davies GM, Legg CJ, Smith AA, MacDonald AJ. Fire rate of spread in Calluna vulgaris-dominated moorlands. Journal of Applied Ecology 2009, 46:1054-1063. 10.1111/j.1365-2664.2009.01681.x, [DOI
    • (2009) Journal of Applied Ecology , vol.46 , pp. 1054-1063
    • Davies, G.M.1    Legg, C.J.2    Smith, A.A.3    MacDonald, A.J.4
  • 19
    • 0027458223 scopus 로고
    • Impact of carpets of the invasive moss Campylopus introflexus on Calluna vulgaris regeneration
    • Equihua M, Usher MB. Impact of carpets of the invasive moss Campylopus introflexus on Calluna vulgaris regeneration. Journal of Ecology 1993, 81:359-365.
    • (1993) Journal of Ecology , vol.81 , pp. 359-365
    • Equihua, M.1    Usher, M.B.2
  • 22
    • 0347662477 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spatial patterns of soil temperatures during experimental fires
    • Gimeno-García E, Andreu V, Rubio JL. Spatial patterns of soil temperatures during experimental fires. Geoderma 2004, 118:17-38.
    • (2004) Geoderma , vol.118 , pp. 17-38
    • Gimeno-García, E.1    Andreu, V.2    Rubio, J.L.3
  • 24
    • 0024190915 scopus 로고
    • A reappraisal of cyclical processes in
    • Gimingham CH. A reappraisal of cyclical processes in. Calluna heath, Vegetatio 1988, 77:61-64.
    • (1988) Calluna heath, Vegetatio , vol.77 , pp. 61-64
    • Gimingham, C.H.1
  • 25
    • 34250237729 scopus 로고
    • Community dynamics in relation to management of heathland vegetation in Scotland
    • Gimingham CH, Hobbs RJ, Mallik AU. Community dynamics in relation to management of heathland vegetation in Scotland. Vegetatio 1981, 46:149-155.
    • (1981) Vegetatio , vol.46 , pp. 149-155
    • Gimingham, C.H.1    Hobbs, R.J.2    Mallik, A.U.3
  • 26
    • 0027830261 scopus 로고
    • Heat effects on seeds and rhizomes of a selection of boreal forest plants and potential reaction to fire
    • Granström A, Schimmel J. Heat effects on seeds and rhizomes of a selection of boreal forest plants and potential reaction to fire. Oecologia 1993, 94:307-313.
    • (1993) Oecologia , vol.94 , pp. 307-313
    • Granström, A.1    Schimmel, J.2
  • 29
    • 20444421263 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of experimental prescribed fire on the establishment of Scots pine Pinus sylvestris seedlings on heather Calluna vulgaris moorland
    • Hancock M, Egan S, Summers R, Cowie N, Amphlett A, Rao S, Hamilton A. The effect of experimental prescribed fire on the establishment of Scots pine Pinus sylvestris seedlings on heather Calluna vulgaris moorland. Forest Ecology and Management 2005, 212:199-213.
    • (2005) Forest Ecology and Management , vol.212 , pp. 199-213
    • Hancock, M.1    Egan, S.2    Summers, R.3    Cowie, N.4    Amphlett, A.5    Rao, S.6    Hamilton, A.7
  • 30
    • 84971056445 scopus 로고
    • When it's hot, it's hot - or maybe it's not (surface flaming may not portend extensive soil heating)
    • Hartford RA, Frandsen WH. When it's hot, it's hot - or maybe it's not (surface flaming may not portend extensive soil heating). International Journal of Wildland Fire 1992, 2:139-144.
    • (1992) International Journal of Wildland Fire , vol.2 , pp. 139-144
    • Hartford, R.A.1    Frandsen, W.H.2
  • 31
    • 0026540197 scopus 로고
    • Changes in burning of Scottish heather moorland since the 1940's from aerial photographs
    • Hester AJ, Sydes C. Changes in burning of Scottish heather moorland since the 1940's from aerial photographs. Biological Conservation 1992, 60:25-30.
    • (1992) Biological Conservation , vol.60 , pp. 25-30
    • Hester, A.J.1    Sydes, C.2
  • 32
    • 0029730581 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Landscape-scale vegetation change in the Cairngorms, Scotland, 1946-1988: Implications for land management
    • Hester AJ, Miller DR, Towers W. Landscape-scale vegetation change in the Cairngorms, Scotland, 1946-1988: Implications for land management. Biological Conservation 1996, 77:41-51.
    • (1996) Biological Conservation , vol.77 , pp. 41-51
    • Hester, A.J.1    Miller, D.R.2    Towers, W.3
  • 33
    • 0021569036 scopus 로고
    • Studies on fire in Scottish heathland communities. II. Post-fire vegetation development
    • Hobbs RJ, Gimingham CH. Studies on fire in Scottish heathland communities. II. Post-fire vegetation development. Journal of Ecology 1984, 72:585-610.
    • (1984) Journal of Ecology , vol.72 , pp. 585-610
    • Hobbs, R.J.1    Gimingham, C.H.2
  • 34
    • 0021604548 scopus 로고
    • Markov models and initial floristic composition in heathland vegetation dynamics
    • Hobbs RJ, Legg CJ. Markov models and initial floristic composition in heathland vegetation dynamics. Vegetatio 1983, 56:31-43.
    • (1983) Vegetatio , vol.56 , pp. 31-43
    • Hobbs, R.J.1    Legg, C.J.2
  • 35
    • 0021562377 scopus 로고
    • The use of " thermocolor" pyrometers in the study of heath fire behaviour
    • Hobbs RJ, Currall JEP, Gimingham CH. The use of " thermocolor" pyrometers in the study of heath fire behaviour. Journal of Ecology 1984, 72:241-250.
    • (1984) Journal of Ecology , vol.72 , pp. 241-250
    • Hobbs, R.J.1    Currall, J.E.P.2    Gimingham, C.H.3
  • 36
    • 0021548973 scopus 로고
    • Germination and establishment of seedlings in different phases of the Calluna life cycle in a Scottish heathland
    • de Hullu E, Gimingham CH. Germination and establishment of seedlings in different phases of the Calluna life cycle in a Scottish heathland. Vegetatio 1984, 58:115-121.
    • (1984) Vegetatio , vol.58 , pp. 115-121
    • de Hullu, E.1    Gimingham, C.H.2
  • 37
    • 0006703691 scopus 로고
    • Vegetative regeneration of Calluna vulgaris after fire
    • Kayll AJ, Gimingham CH. Vegetative regeneration of Calluna vulgaris after fire. Journal of Ecology 1965, 53:729-734.
    • (1965) Journal of Ecology , vol.53 , pp. 729-734
    • Kayll, A.J.1    Gimingham, C.H.2
  • 38
    • 60849130728 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fire intensity, fire severity and burn severity: a brief review and suggested usage
    • Keeley JE. Fire intensity, fire severity and burn severity: a brief review and suggested usage. International Journal of Wildland Fire 2009, 18:116-126.
    • (2009) International Journal of Wildland Fire , vol.18 , pp. 116-126
    • Keeley, J.E.1
  • 40
    • 0007892687 scopus 로고
    • Heathland dynamics: a matter of scale
    • Thompson DBA, Hester AJ, Usher MB. eds, HMSO, Edinburgh
    • Legg C. Heathland dynamics: a matter of scale. Heaths and Moorlands: Cultural Landscapes 1995, Thompson DBAHester AJUsher MB. eds, HMSO, Edinburgh
    • (1995) Heaths and Moorlands: Cultural Landscapes
    • Legg, C.1
  • 41
    • 0027043667 scopus 로고
    • The ecology of severe moorland fire on the North York Moors: seed distribution and seedling establishment of Calluna vulgaris
    • Legg CJ, Maltby E, Proctor MCF. The ecology of severe moorland fire on the North York Moors: seed distribution and seedling establishment of Calluna vulgaris. Journal of Applied Ecology 1992, 80:737-752.
    • (1992) Journal of Applied Ecology , vol.80 , pp. 737-752
    • Legg, C.J.1    Maltby, E.2    Proctor, M.C.F.3
  • 43
    • 0028977452 scopus 로고
    • Regeneration by natural layering of heather (Calluna vulgaris): frequency and characteristics in upland Britain
    • MacDonald AJ, Kirkpatrick AH, Hester AJ. Regeneration by natural layering of heather (Calluna vulgaris): frequency and characteristics in upland Britain. Journal of Applied Ecology 1995, 32:85-90.
    • (1995) Journal of Applied Ecology , vol.32 , pp. 85-90
    • MacDonald, A.J.1    Kirkpatrick, A.H.2    Hester, A.J.3
  • 45
    • 0021035982 scopus 로고
    • Regeneration of heathland plants following burning
    • Mallik AU, Gimingham CH. Regeneration of heathland plants following burning. Vegetatio 1983, 53:45-58.
    • (1983) Vegetatio , vol.53 , pp. 45-58
    • Mallik, A.U.1    Gimingham, C.H.2
  • 46
    • 0025624099 scopus 로고
    • The ecology of severe moorland fire on the North York Moors: effects of the 1976 fires, and subsequent surface and vegetation development
    • Maltby E, Legg CJ, Proctor MCF. The ecology of severe moorland fire on the North York Moors: effects of the 1976 fires, and subsequent surface and vegetation development. Journal of Ecology 1990, 78:490-518.
    • (1990) Journal of Ecology , vol.78 , pp. 490-518
    • Maltby, E.1    Legg, C.J.2    Proctor, M.C.F.3
  • 47
    • 77951155944 scopus 로고
    • Muir burning and conservation
    • McVean DN. Muir burning and conservation. Scottish Agriculture 1959, 39:79-82.
    • (1959) Scottish Agriculture , vol.39 , pp. 79-82
    • McVean, D.N.1
  • 48
    • 84950654471 scopus 로고
    • The morphology of vegetative regeneration in Calluna vulgaris
    • Mohamed BF, Gimingham CH. The morphology of vegetative regeneration in Calluna vulgaris. New Phytologist 1970, 69:743-750.
    • (1970) New Phytologist , vol.69 , pp. 743-750
    • Mohamed, B.F.1    Gimingham, C.H.2
  • 49
    • 51849099254 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Natural England, London, Available at [last accessed 15 December 2009]
    • The Heather and Grass Burning Code 2007, http://www.naturalengland.org.uk/Images/heathergrassburningcode_tcm6-7795.pdf, Natural England, London, Available at [last accessed 15 December 2009]
    • (2007) The Heather and Grass Burning Code
  • 51
    • 26444538879 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Early stages of Calluna vulgaris regeneration after burning of coastal heath in central Norway
    • Nilsen LS, Johansen L, Ville LG. Early stages of Calluna vulgaris regeneration after burning of coastal heath in central Norway. Applied Vegetation Science 2005, 8:57-64.
    • (2005) Applied Vegetation Science , vol.8 , pp. 57-64
    • Nilsen, L.S.1    Johansen, L.2    Ville, L.G.3
  • 52
    • 77951146077 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Review of Blanket Bog Management and Restoration
    • Available from [accessed 22 July 2009]
    • O'Brien H, Labadz JC, Butche DP. Review of Blanket Bog Management and Restoration. Technical Report to Defra Project No. CTE0513 2007, http://randd.defra.gov.uk/Document.aspx?Document=BD1241_6832_FRP.pdf, Available from [accessed 22 July 2009]
    • (2007) Technical Report to Defra Project No. CTE0513
    • O'Brien, H.1    Labadz, J.C.2    Butche, D.P.3
  • 53
    • 0031728382 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Methods for quantifying fire severity in shrubland-fires
    • Perez B, Moreno JM. Methods for quantifying fire severity in shrubland-fires. Plant Ecology 1998, 139:91-101.
    • (1998) Plant Ecology , vol.139 , pp. 91-101
    • Perez, B.1    Moreno, J.M.2
  • 54
    • 70149113077 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria, Available from: [accessed 28 October 2009]
    • R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing 2009, http://www.R-project.org, R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria, Available from: [accessed 28 October 2009]
    • (2009) R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing
  • 55
    • 0002677956 scopus 로고
    • The significance of major moorland fires
    • Radley J. The significance of major moorland fires. Nature 1965, 205:1254-1259.
    • (1965) Nature , vol.205 , pp. 1254-1259
    • Radley, J.1
  • 57
    • 0035086649 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Loss of heather Calluna vulgaris moorland in the Scottish uplands: the role of red grouse Lagopus lagopus scoticus management
    • Robertson PA, Park KJ, Barton AF. Loss of heather Calluna vulgaris moorland in the Scottish uplands: the role of red grouse Lagopus lagopus scoticus management. Wildlife Biology 2001, 7:11-16.
    • (2001) Wildlife Biology , vol.7 , pp. 11-16
    • Robertson, P.A.1    Park, K.J.2    Barton, A.F.3
  • 59
    • 0030437288 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fire severity and vegetation response in the boreal Swedish forest
    • Schimmel J, Granström A. Fire severity and vegetation response in the boreal Swedish forest. Ecology 1996, 77:1436-1450.
    • (1996) Ecology , vol.77 , pp. 1436-1450
    • Schimmel, J.1    Granström, A.2
  • 60
    • 77951160659 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Scottish Government, Edinburgh, Available at [last accessed 15 December 2009]
    • The Muirburn Code 2008, http://www.scotland.gov.uk/Resource/Doc/219276/0058846.pdf, The Scottish Government, Edinburgh, Available at [last accessed 15 December 2009]
    • (2008) The Muirburn Code
  • 64
    • 0034518591 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Palaeoenvironmental evaluation of the importance of fire as a cause for Calluna loss in the British Isles
    • Stevenson AC, Rhodes AN. Palaeoenvironmental evaluation of the importance of fire as a cause for Calluna loss in the British Isles. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 2000, 164:195-206.
    • (2000) Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology , vol.164 , pp. 195-206
    • Stevenson, A.C.1    Rhodes, A.N.2
  • 66
    • 0012218879 scopus 로고
    • Range management and nature conservation in the British Uplands
    • Usher MB, Thompson DBA. eds, Blackwell, Oxford
    • Sydes C, Miller GR. Range management and nature conservation in the British Uplands. Ecological Change in the Uplands 1988, Usher MB, Thompson DBA. eds, Blackwell, Oxford
    • (1988) Ecological Change in the Uplands
    • Sydes, C.1    Miller, G.R.2
  • 67
    • 0035018026 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of management for red grouse shooting on the population density of breeding birds on heather-dominated moorland
    • Tharme AP, Green RE, Baines D, Bainbridge IP, O'Brien M. The effect of management for red grouse shooting on the population density of breeding birds on heather-dominated moorland. Journal of Applied Ecology 2001, 38:439-457.
    • (2001) Journal of Applied Ecology , vol.38 , pp. 439-457
    • Tharme, A.P.1    Green, R.E.2    Baines, D.3    Bainbridge, I.P.4    O'Brien, M.5
  • 68
    • 0028976860 scopus 로고
    • Upland heather moorland in Great Britain: a review of international importance, vegetation change and some objectives for nature conservation
    • Thompson DBA, MacDonald AJ, Marsden JH, Galbraith CA. Upland heather moorland in Great Britain: a review of international importance, vegetation change and some objectives for nature conservation. Biological Conservation 1995, 71:163-178.
    • (1995) Biological Conservation , vol.71 , pp. 163-178
    • Thompson, D.B.A.1    MacDonald, A.J.2    Marsden, J.H.3    Galbraith, C.A.4
  • 70
    • 0027796546 scopus 로고
    • Variation in the upland heathlands of Great Britain: conservation importance
    • Usher MB, Thompson DBA. Variation in the upland heathlands of Great Britain: conservation importance. Biological Conservation 1993, 66:69-81.
    • (1993) Biological Conservation , vol.66 , pp. 69-81
    • Usher, M.B.1    Thompson, D.B.A.2
  • 71
    • 14844313770 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Managing heterogeneity: the importance of grazing and environmental variation on post-fire succession in heathlands
    • Vandvik V, Heegaard E, Måren IE, Aarrestad PA. Managing heterogeneity: the importance of grazing and environmental variation on post-fire succession in heathlands. Journal of Applied Ecology 2005, 42:139-149.
    • (2005) Journal of Applied Ecology , vol.42 , pp. 139-149
    • Vandvik, V.1    Heegaard, E.2    Måren, I.E.3    Aarrestad, P.A.4
  • 72
    • 0034562717 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Indices of fire characteristics in sandstone heath near Sydney, Australia
    • Whight S, Bradstock R. Indices of fire characteristics in sandstone heath near Sydney, Australia. International Journal of Wildland Fire 1999, 9:145-153.
    • (1999) International Journal of Wildland Fire , vol.9 , pp. 145-153
    • Whight, S.1    Bradstock, R.2
  • 73
    • 0000861532 scopus 로고
    • The effect of fire on the regeneration of Calluna vulgaris (L.) Hull from seed
    • Whittaker E, Gimingham CH. The effect of fire on the regeneration of Calluna vulgaris (L.) Hull from seed. Journal of Ecology 1962, 50:815-822.
    • (1962) Journal of Ecology , vol.50 , pp. 815-822
    • Whittaker, E.1    Gimingham, C.H.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.