Burning management and carbon sequestration of upland heather moorland in the UK

Australian Journal of Soil Research

Volumn 47, Issue 4, 2009, Pages 351-361

  Farage, Peter ^a   Ball, Andrew ^b   Mcgenity, Terry J ^a   Whitby, Corinne ^a   Pretty, Jules ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF ESSEX   (United Kingdom)

^b FLINDERS UNIVERSITY   (Australia)

Author keywords

Calluna vulgaris; Rotational burning; Upland heath

Indexed keywords

CALLUNA; CALLUNA VULGARIS; CARBON BALANCE; CARBON BUDGETS; CARBON INVENTORIES; CARBON RICH; CARBON SEQUESTRATION; CARBON STORAGE; DETRIMENTAL EFFECTS; DIRECT RELEASE; GREEN HOUSE GAS; LAND MANAGEMENTS; NET LOSS; POTENTIAL EFFECTS; ROTATIONAL BURNING; TOTAL LOSS; UNITED KINGDOM; UPLAND HEATH; VULGARIS; WHOLE SYSTEMS; YORKSHIRES;

BIOMASS; ECOLOGY; GLOBAL WARMING; GREENHOUSE GASES; LAND USE; OCEAN HABITATS; WETLANDS;

FORESTRY;

BURNING; CARBON BALANCE; CARBON SEQUESTRATION; CLIMATE CHANGE; FIRE MANAGEMENT; GAMEBIRD; MOORLAND; SHRUB; SUSTAINABILITY; UPLAND REGION;

ENGLAND; EURASIA; EUROPE; UNITED KINGDOM; WESTERN EUROPE; YORKSHIRE DALES;

CALLUNA; CALLUNA VULGARIS; LAGOPUS LAGOPUS SCOTICUS; TETRAONIDAE;

EID: 69249109270     PISSN: 00049573     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1071/SR08095     Document Type: Article

References (78)

1. Aerts R, Bakker C, de Caluwe H (1992) Root turnover as determinant of C, N, and P in a dry heathland ecosytem. Biogeochemistry 15, 175-190. doi:10.1007/BF00002935
2. Allan JD, Castillo MM (2008) Structure and function of running waters. In 'Ecosytem metabolism'. 2nd edn (Springer: Dordrecht)
3. Allen SE (1989) 'Chemical analysis of ecological materials.' (Blackwell Scientific Publications: Oxford, UK)
4. Barclay-Estrup P (1970) The description and interpretation of cyclical processes in a heath community. II Changes in biomass and shoot production during the Calluna cycle. Journal of Ecology 58, 243-249. doi:10.2307/2258179
5. Beverland IJ, Moncrieff JB, Onéill DH, Hargreaves KJ, Milne R (1996) Measurement of methane and carbon dioxide from peatland ecosystems by the conditional sampling technique. Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society 122, 819-838. doi:10.1002/ qj.49712253203
6. Burke RA, Zepp RG, Tarr MA, Miller WL, Stocks BJ (1997) Effect of fire on soil-atmosphere exchange of methane and carbon dioxide in Canadian boreal forest sites. Journal of Geophysical Research 102, 29289-29300. doi:10.1029/97JD01331
7. Cannell MGR, Dewar RC, Pyatt DG (1993) Conifer plantations on drained peatlands in Britain: net gain or loss of carbon. Forestry 66, 353-369. doi:10.1093/forestry/66.4.353
8. Cannell MGR, Milne R, Hargreaves KJ, Brown TAW, Cruickshank MM, et al. (1999) National inventories of terrestrial carbon sources and sinks: the U.K. experience. Climatic Change 42, 505-530. doi:10.1023/A:1005425807434 (Pubitemid 29395759)
9. Castaldi S, Fierro A (2005) Soil-atmosphere methane exchange in undisturbed and burned Mediterranean shrubland of southern Italy. Ecosystems 8, 182-190. doi:10.1007/s10021-004-0093-z (Pubitemid 41175282)
10. Chapman SB (1967) Nutrient budgets for a dry heath ecosystem in the south of England. Journal of Ecology 55, 677-689. doi:10.2307/ 2258418
11. Chapman SB (1979) Some interrelationships between soil and root respiration in lowland Calluna heathland in southern England. Journal of Ecology 67, 1-20. doi:10.2307/2259333
12. Chapman SB, Clarke RT (1980) Some relationships between soil, climate, standing crop and organic matter accumulation within a range of Calluna heathlands in Britain. Bulletin d'Ecologie 11, 221-232.
13. Chapman SB, Hibble J, Rafarel CR (1975) Net aerial production by Calluna vulgaris on lowland heath in Britain. Journal of Ecology 63, 233-258. doi:10.2307/2258852
14. Chapman SJ, Thurlow M (1996) The influence of climate on CO2 and CH4 emissions from organic soils. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology 79, 205-217. doi:10.1016/0168-1923(95)02283-X
15. Chapman SJ, Towers W, Williams BL, Coull MC, Paterson E (2001) Review of the contribution to climate change of organic soils under different land uses. Scottish Executive Central Research Unit, Edinburgh.
16. Clymo RS, Pearce ME (1995) Methane and carbon dioxide production in, transport through, and efflux from a peatland. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London Series A 351, 249-259. doi:10.1098/rsta.1995.0032
17. Clymo RS, Turunen J, Tolonen K (1998) Carbon accumulation in peatland. Oikos 81, 368-388. doi:10.2307/3547057
18. Crill P, Hargreaves K, Korhola A (2000) The role of peat in Finnish greenhouse gas balances. 10/2000 Ministry of Trade and Industry, Helsinki, Finland.
19. Crisp DT, Robson S (1979) Some effects of discharge upon the transport of animals and peat in a north Pennine headstream. Journal of Applied Ecology 16, 721-736. doi:10.2307/2402848
20. Cruickshank MM, Tomlinson RW, Devine PM, Milne R (1998) Carbon in the vegetation and soils of northern Ireland. Biology and Environment: Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy 98b, 9-21.
21. Daulat WE, Clymo RS (1989) Effects of temperature and watertable on the efflux of methane from peatland surface cores. Atmospheric Environment 32 , 3207-3218. doi:10.1016/S1352-2310(98)00078-8
22. Dawson JJC, Billett MF, Neal C, Hill S (2002) A comparison of particulate, dissolved and gaseous carbon in two contrasting upland streams in the UK. Journal of Hydrology 257, 226-246. doi:10.1016/S0022-1694(01)00545-5 (Pubitemid 34088492)
23. Dutch J, Ineson P (1990) Denitrification of an upland forest site. Forestry 63 , 363-377. doi:10.1093/forestry/63.4.363
24. English Nature (2003) 'England's best wildlife and geological sites. The Condition of Sites of Scientific Special Interest in England in 2003.' (English Nature: Peterborough, UK)
25. FAO (2000) FAO global forest fire assessment 1990-2000. Working Paper No.55 (495 p.). (JG Goldammer, RW Mutch, compilers). Published online: www.fire.unifreiburg.de/programmes/un/fao/Wp55-eng.pdf
26. Forest Alliance WA (2003) Submission to the COAG Inquiry into Bushfire Mitigation and Management: The myths of prescribed burning. Published online: www.coagbushfireenquiry.gov.au/subs-word/ 1-robertson-wa-fire-alliance.doc
27. Forrest GI (1971) Structure and production of north Pennine blanket bog vegetation. Journal of Ecology 59, 453-479. doi:10.2307/ 2258325
28. Forrest GI, Smith RAH (1975) The productivity of a range of blanket bog types in the northern Pennines. Journal of Ecology 63, 173-202. doi:10.2307/2258850
29. Garnett MH (1998) Carbon storage in Pennine moorland and response to change. PhD Thesis, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
30. Garnett MH, Ineson P, Stevenson AC (2000) Effects of burning and grazing on carbon sequestration in a Pennine blanket bog, UK. The Holocene 10, 729-736. doi:10.1191/09596830094971
31. Garnett MH, Ineson P, Stevenson AC, Howard DC (2001) Terrestrial organic carbon storage in a British moorland. Global Change Biology 7, 375-388. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2486.2001.00382.x (Pubitemid 32480778)
32. Giblin AE, Nadelhoffer KJ, Shaver GR, Laundre JA, McKerrow AJ (1991) Biogeochemical diversity along a riverside toposequence in arctic Alaska. Ecological Monographs 61, 415-435. doi:10.2307/2937049
33. Gimingham CH (1972) 'Ecology of heathlands.' (Chapman and Hall: London)
34. Gorham E (1991) Northern peatlands: role in the carbon cycle and probable responses to climate warming. Ecological Applications 1, 182-195. doi:10.2307/1941811
35. Graetz RD, Skjemstad JO (2003) The charcoal sink of biomass burning on the Australian continent. CSIRO Atmospheric Research Technical paper No. 64, Victoria, Australia.
36. Grant SA (1971) Interactions of grazing and burning on heather moors. 2. Effects on primary production and level of utilization. Grass and Forage Science 26, 173-182. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2494.1971. tb00660.x
37. Grieve IC (1984) Concentrations and annual loading of dissolved organic matter in a small moorland stream. Freshwater Biology 14, 533-537. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2427.1984.tb00173.x
38. Grote R, Niinemets Ü (2008) Modeling volatile isoprenoid emissions - a story with split ends. Plant Biology 10, 8-28.
39. Hargreaves KJ, Fowler D (1998) Quantifying the effects of water table and soil temperature on the emission of methane from peat wetland at the field scale. Atmospheric Environment 32, 3275-3282. doi:10.1016/ S1352-2310(98)00082-X
40. Hobbs RJ, Gimingham CH (1984) Studies on fire in Scottish heathland communities: I. Fire characteristics. Journal of Ecology 72, 223-240. doi:10.2307/2260015
41. Holden J, Shotbolt L, Bonn A, Burt TP, Chapman PJ, et al. (2007) Environmental change in moorland landscapes. Earth-Science Reviews 82, 75-100. doi:10.1016/j.earscirev.2007.01.003 (Pubitemid 46628456)
42. Hope D, Billett MF, Cresser MS (1994) A review of the water export of carbon in river water: fluxes and processes. Environmental Pollution 84 , 301-324. doi:10.1016/0269-7491(94)90142-2
43. IBP (1968) 'Methods for the measurement of the primary production of srassland.' C Milner, RE Hughes with contributions on Measurement of the primary production of dwarf shrub heaths. International Biological Programme. (Blackwell Scientific Publications: Oxford and Edinburgh)
44. Imeson AC (1971) Heather burning and soil erosion on the North Yorkshire moors. Journal of Applied Ecology 8, 537-542. doi:10.2307/2402889
45. IPCC (1996) 'Climate change 1995: The science of climate change.' Contribution of Working Group I to the Second Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. (Cambridge University Press: Cambridge, UK)
46. IPCC (2001) 'Climate change 2001: The scientific basis.' Contribution of Working Group I to the Third Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. (Cambridge University Press: Cambridge, UK)
47. Kayll AJ (1966) Some characteristics of heath fires in north-east Scotland. Journal of Applied Ecology 3, 29-40. doi:10.2307/2401664
48. Kenworthy JB (1963) Temperatures in heather burning. Nature 200, 1226. doi:10.1038/2001226a0
49. Kinako PDS, Gimingham CH (1980) Heather burning and soil erosion on upland heaths in Scotland. Journal of Environmental Management 10, 277-284.
50. Lindenmayer D, Burgman M (2005) 'Practical conservation biology.' (CSIRO Publishing: Melbourne, Vic.)
51. MacDonald JA, Fowler D, Hargreaves KJ, Skiba U, Leith ID, Murray MB (1998) Methane emission rates from a northern wetland; response to temperature, water table and transport. Atmospheric Environment 32, 3219-3227. doi:10.1016/S1352-2310(97)00464-0 (Pubitemid 28398630)
52. MacDonald JA, Skiba U, Sheppard LJ, Hargreaves KJ, Smith KA, Fowler D (1996) Soil environmental variables affecting the flux of methane from a range of forest, moorland and agricultural soils. Biogeochemistry 34, 113-132. doi:10.1007/BF00000898
53. MAFF (1996) 'The heather and grass burning code.' (MAFF: London) Maltby E (1980) The impact of severe fire on Calluna moorland in the North York moors. Bulletin d'Ecologie 11, 683-708.
54. Maltby E, Legg CJ, Proctor MCF (1990) The ecology of severe moorland fire on the North York moors: effects of the 1976 fires, and subsequent surface vegetation development. Journal of Ecology 78, 490-518. doi:10.2307/2261126
55. Miller GR (1979) Quantity and quality of the annual production of shoots and flowers by Calluna vulgaris in north-east Scotland. Journal of Ecology 67, 109-129. doi:10.2307/2259340
56. Milne JA, Pakeman RJ, Kirkham FW, Jones IP, Hossell JE (2002) Biomass production of upland vegetation types in England and Wales. Grass and Forage Science 57, 373-388. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2494.2002.00339.x (Pubitemid 36521879)
57. Milne R, Brown TA (1997) Carbon in the vegetation and soils of Great Britain. Journal of Environmental Management 49, 413-433. doi:10.1006/jema.1995. 0118 (Pubitemid 27202225)
58. Milne R, Smith P (2001) Country specific data for the UK relating to Articles 3.3 and 3.4 of the Kyoto protocol: An update. In 'UK emissions by sources and removals by sinks due to land use, land use change and forestry activities'. Annual report for DETR, Contract EPG1/1/160. (Ed. R Milne) pp. 61-70. (DETR: London)
59. Nakano T, Takeuchi W, Inoue G, Fukuda M, Yasuoka Y (2006) Temporal variations in soil-atmosphere methane exchange after fire in a peat swamp forest in West Siberia. Soil Science and Plant Nutrition 52, 77-88.
60. Owen SM, MacKenzie AR, Stewart H, Donovan R, Hewitt CN (2003) Biogenic volatile organic compound (VOC) emission estimates from an urban tree canopy. Ecological Applications 13, 927-938. doi:10.1890/01-5177
61. Pearce F (1998) Playing with fire. New Scientist 2126, 36.
62. Pearce F (2006) Grouse-shooting popularity boosts global warming. New Scientist 191, 2564. doi:10.1016/S0262-4079(06)60204-2
63. Raich JW, Potter CS (1995) Global patterns of carbon dioxide emissions from soils. Global Biogeochemical Cycles 9, 23-36. doi:10.1029/ 94GB02723
64. Raich JW, Schlesinger WH (1992) The global carbon dioxide flux in soil respiration and its relationship to vegetation and climate. Tellus 44, B81-99.
65. Ratcliffe DA, Thompson DBA (1988) The British uplands: their ecological character and international significance. In 'Ecological change in the uplands'. (Eds MB Usher, DBA Thompson) pp. 9-36. (Blackwell Scientific Publications: Oxford, UK)
66. Sirin A, Laine J (2007) Peatlands and Green house gasses. In 'Assessment on peatlands, biodiversity and climate change'. (Eds F Parish, A Sirin, D Charman, H Joosten, T Minaeva, M Silvius) pp. 7.1-7.21. (Global Environment Centre: Kuala Lumpur, and Wetlands International: Wageningen)
67. Sowerby A, Blum H, Gray TRG, Ball AS (2000) The decomposition of Lolium perenne in soils exposed to elevated CO2: comparisons of mass loss of litter with soil respiration and soil microbial biomass. Soil Biology & Biochemistry 32, 1359-1366. doi:10.1016/S0038-0717 (00)00045-46
68. Swift RS (2001) Sequestration of carbon by soil. Soil Science 166, 858-871. doi:10.1097/00010694-200111000-00010 (Pubitemid 33146198)
69. Thompson DBA, Macdonald AJ, Marsden JH, Galbraith CG (1995) Upland heather moorland in Great Britain: a review of international importance, vegetation change and some objectives for nature conservation. Biological Conservation 71, 163-178. doi:10.1016/0006-3207(94) 00043-P
70. Tipping E, Marker AFH, Butterwick C, Collett GD, Cranwell PA, et al. (1997) Organic carbon in the Humber rivers. The Science of the Total Environment 194-195, 345-355. doi:10.1016/S0048-9697(96) 05374-0 (Pubitemid 27179497)
71. Tucker G (2003) 'Review of the impacts of heather and grassland burning in the uplands on soils, hydrology and biodiversity.' English Nature Research Reports, Report No. 550. (English Nature: Peterborough, UK)
72. UK Biodiversity Group (1999) 'Tranche 2 Action Plans - Volume VI: Terrestrial and freshwater species and habitats.' (HMSO: London)
73. Usher MB, Thompson DBA (1993) Variation in the upland heathlands of Great Britain: conservation importance. Biological Conservation 66, 69-81. doi:10.1016/0006-3207(93)90136-O
74. Watson A, Nedwell DB (1998) Methane production and emission from peat: the influence of anions (sulphate, nitrate) from acid rain. Atmospheric Environment 32, 3239-3245. doi:10.1016/S1352-2310 (97)00501-503
75. Webb NR (1986) 'Heathlands.' (Collins: London)
76. Wessel WW, Tietema A, Beier C, Emmett BA, Penuelas J, Riis-Nielsen T (2004) A qualitative ecosystem assessment for different shrublands in Western Europe under impact of climate change. Ecosystems 7, 662-671. doi:10.1007/s10021-004-0219-3
77. Worrall F, Armstrong A, Adamson JK (2007) The effects of burning and sheep-grazing on water table depth and soil water quality in a upland peat. Journal of Hydrology 339, 1-14. doi:10.1016/j.jhydrol. 2006.12.025
78. Worrall F, Reed M, Warburton J, Burt TP (2003) Carbon budget for a British upland peat catchment. The Science of the Total Environment 312, 133-146. doi:10.1016/S0048-9697(03)00226-2 (Pubitemid 36836210)