메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 5, Issue 4, 2010, Pages

Treatment of lactic acidosis: Appropriate confusion

Author keywords

Lactic acidosis; Sodium bicarbonate; Treatment

Indexed keywords

BICARBONATE; BIGUANIDE DERIVATIVE; BUFFER; CARBICARB; DICHLOROACETIC ACID; LACTIC ACID; LINEZOLID; LORAZEPAM; METFORMIN; PHENFORMIN; RNA DIRECTED DNA POLYMERASE INHIBITOR; TROMETAMOL;

EID: 77950937978     PISSN: 15535592     EISSN: 15535606     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/jhm.600     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (42)

References (127)
  • 1
    • 0025265865 scopus 로고
    • Bicarbonate does not improve hemodynamics in critically ill patients who have lactic acidosis. A prospective, controlled clinical study
    • Cooper DJ, Walley KR, Wiggs BR, Russell JA. Bicarbonate does not improve hemodynamics in critically ill patients who have lactic acidosis. A prospective, controlled clinical study. Ann Intern Med. 1990;112(7):492-498.
    • (1990) Ann Intern Med , vol.112 , Issue.7 , pp. 492-498
    • Cooper, D.J.1    Walley, K.R.2    Wiggs, B.R.3    Russell, J.A.4
  • 2
    • 0028358691 scopus 로고
    • Natural history and course of acquired lactic acidosis in adults
    • DCA-Lactic Acidosis Study Group
    • Stacpoole PW, Wright EC, Baumgartner TG, et al. Natural history and course of acquired lactic acidosis in adults. DCA-Lactic Acidosis Study Group. Am J Med. 1994;97(1):47-54.
    • (1994) Am J Med , vol.97 , Issue.1 , pp. 47-54
    • Stacpoole, P.W.1    Wright, E.C.2    Baumgartner, T.G.3
  • 3
    • 0033976601 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sodium bicarbonate for the treatment of lactic acidosis
    • Forsythe SM, Schmidt GA. Sodium bicarbonate for the treatment of lactic acidosis. Chest. 2000;117(1):260-267.
    • (2000) Chest , vol.117 , Issue.1 , pp. 260-267
    • Forsythe, S.M.1    Schmidt, G.A.2
  • 4
    • 0031965010 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Management of life-threatening acid-base disorders (First of Two Parts)
    • DOI 10.1056/NEJM199801013380106
    • Adrogue HJ, Madias NE. Management of life-threatening acid-base disorders. First of two parts. N Engl J Med. 1998;338(1):26-34. (Pubitemid 28040173)
    • (1998) New England Journal of Medicine , vol.338 , Issue.1 , pp. 26-34
    • Adrogue, H.J.1    Madias, N.E.2
  • 5
    • 0025799425 scopus 로고
    • Indications for use of bicarbonate in patients with metabolic acidosis
    • Arieff AI. Indications for use of bicarbonate in patients with metabolic acidosis. Br J Anaesth. 1991;67(2):165-177.
    • (1991) Br J Anaesth , vol.67 , Issue.2 , pp. 165-177
    • Arieff, A.I.1
  • 6
    • 4344679281 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bench-to-bedside review: Treating acid-base abnormalities in the intensive care unit - The role of buffers
    • DOI 10.1186/cc2865
    • Gehlbach BK, Schmidt GA. Bench-to-bedside review: treating acid-base abnormalities in the intensive care unit - the role of buffers. Crit Care. 2004;8(4):259-265. (Pubitemid 39144716)
    • (2004) Critical Care , vol.8 , Issue.4 , pp. 259-265
    • Gehlbach, B.K.1    Schimdt, G.A.2
  • 7
    • 0035140640 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lactic acidosis update for critical care clinicians
    • Luft FC. Lactic acidosis update for critical care clinicians. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2001;12(suppl 17):S15-S19.
    • (2001) J Am Soc Nephrol , vol.12 , Issue.SUPPL. 17
    • Luft, F.C.1
  • 8
    • 0019205394 scopus 로고
    • Lactic acidosis: Diagnosis and treatment
    • Cohen RD, Iles RA. Lactic acidosis: diagnosis and treatment. Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1980;9(3):513-541.
    • (1980) Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.9 , Issue.3 , pp. 513-541
    • Cohen, R.D.1    Iles, R.A.2
  • 9
    • 33746050727 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lactate and shock state: The metabolic view
    • DOI 10.1097/01.ccx.0000235208.77450.15, PII 0007519820060800000007
    • Levy B. Lactate and shock state: the metabolic view. Curr Opin Crit Care. 2006;12(4):315-321. (Pubitemid 44078143)
    • (2006) Current Opinion in Critical Care , vol.12 , Issue.4 , pp. 315-321
    • Levy, B.1
  • 10
    • 0036333530 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bench-to-bedside review: Lactate and the kidney
    • Bellomo R. Bench-to-bedside review: lactate and the kidney. Crit Care. 2002;6(4):322-326.
    • (2002) Crit Care , vol.6 , Issue.4 , pp. 322-326
    • Bellomo, R.1
  • 11
    • 0021323773 scopus 로고
    • The influence of renal function on lactate and glucose metabolism
    • Bartlett S, Espinal J, Janssens P, Ross BD. The influence of renal function on lactate and glucose metabolism. Biochem J. 1984;219(1):73-78. (Pubitemid 14171450)
    • (1984) Biochemical Journal , vol.219 , Issue.1 , pp. 73-78
    • Bartlett, S.1    Espinal, J.2    Janssens, P.3    Ross, B.D.4
  • 12
    • 0017091810 scopus 로고
    • The effect of acidosis on lactate removal by the perfused rat kidney
    • Yudkin J, Cohen RD. The effect of acidosis on lactate removal by the perfused rat kidney. Clin Sci Mol Med. 1976;50(3):185-194.
    • (1976) Clin Sci Mol Med , vol.50 , Issue.3 , pp. 185-194
    • Yudkin, J.1    Cohen, R.D.2
  • 13
    • 0029941084 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Transvisceral lactate fluxes during early endotoxemia
    • Bellomo R, Kellum JA, Pinsky MR. Transvisceral lactate fluxes during early endotoxemia. Chest. 1996;110(1):198-204. (Pubitemid 26249324)
    • (1996) Chest , vol.110 , Issue.1 , pp. 198-204
    • Bellomo, R.1    Kellum, J.A.2    Pinsky, M.R.3
  • 14
    • 0015784457 scopus 로고
    • Metabolism of lactate by the intact functioning kidney of the dog
    • Leal-Pinto E, Park HC, King F, MacLeod M, Pitts RF. Metabolism of lactate by the intact functioning kidney of the dog. Am J Physiol. 1973;224(6):1463- 1467.
    • (1973) Am J Physiol , vol.224 , Issue.6 , pp. 1463-1467
    • Leal-Pinto, E.1    Park, H.C.2    King, F.3    MacLeod, M.4    Pitts, R.F.5
  • 16
    • 0021809234 scopus 로고
    • Lactic acidosis in fulminant hepatic failure. Some aspects of pathogenesis and prognosis
    • DOI 10.1016/S0168-8278(85)80778-9
    • Bihari D, Gimson AE, Lindridge J, Williams R, et al. Lactic acidosis in fulminant hepatic failure. Some aspects of pathogenesis and prognosis. J Hepatol. 1985;1(4):405-416. (Pubitemid 15044211)
    • (1985) Journal of Hepatology , vol.1 , Issue.4 , pp. 405-416
    • Bihari, D.1    Gimson, A.E.S.2    Lindridge, J.3    Williams, R.4
  • 17
    • 0026527574 scopus 로고
    • Lactic acidosis in critical illness
    • Mizock BA, Falk JL. Lactic acidosis in critical illness. Crit Care Med. 1992;20(1):80-93.
    • (1992) Crit Care Med , vol.20 , Issue.1 , pp. 80-93
    • Mizock, B.A.1    Falk, J.L.2
  • 19
    • 0033976814 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evolution of lactate/pyruvate and arterial ketone body ratios in the early course of catecholamine-treated septic shock
    • Levy B, Sadoune LO, Gelot AM, Bollaert PE, Nabet P, Larcan A. Evolution of lactate/pyruvate and arterial ketone body ratios in the early course of catecholamine-treated septic shock. Crit Care Med. 2000;28(1):114-119. (Pubitemid 30091039)
    • (2000) Critical Care Medicine , vol.28 , Issue.1 , pp. 114-119
    • Levy, B.1    Sadoune, L.-O.2    Gelot, A.-M.3    Bollaert, P.-E.4    Nabet, P.5    Larcan, A.6
  • 20
    • 0026084853 scopus 로고
    • Oxygen debt and metabolic acidemia as quantitative predictors of mortality and the severity of the ischemic insult in hemorrhagic shock
    • Dunham CM, Siegel JH, Weireter L, et al. Oxygen debt and metabolic acidemia as quantitative predictors of mortality and the severity of the ischemic insult in hemorrhagic shock. Crit Care Med. 1991;19(2):231-243.
    • (1991) Crit Care Med , vol.19 , Issue.2 , pp. 231-243
    • Dunham, C.M.1    Siegel, J.H.2    Weireter, L.3
  • 21
    • 0035829842 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Early goal-directed therapy in the treatment of severe sepsis and septic shock
    • Rivers E, Nguyen B, Havstad S, et al. Early goal-directed therapy in the treatment of severe sepsis and septic shock. N Engl J Med. 2001;345(19):1368- 1377.
    • (2001) N Engl J Med , vol.345 , Issue.19 , pp. 1368-1377
    • Rivers, E.1    Nguyen, B.2    Havstad, S.3
  • 22
    • 0028273158 scopus 로고
    • Skeletal muscle partial pressure of oxygen in patients with sepsis
    • Boekstegers P, Weidenhöfer S, Kapsner T, Werdan K. Skeletal muscle partial pressure of oxygen in patients with sepsis. Crit Care Med. 1994;22(4):640-650. (Pubitemid 24121566)
    • (1994) Critical Care Medicine , vol.22 , Issue.4 , pp. 640-650
    • Boekstegers, P.1    Weidenhofer, S.2    Kapsner, T.3    Werdan, K.4
  • 23
    • 0026602489 scopus 로고
    • Reevaluation of the role of cellular hypoxia and bioenergetic failure in sepsis
    • Hotchkiss RS, Karl IE. Reevaluation of the role of cellular hypoxia and bioenergetic failure in sepsis. JAMA. 1992;267(11):1503-1510.
    • (1992) JAMA , vol.267 , Issue.11 , pp. 1503-1510
    • Hotchkiss, R.S.1    Karl, I.E.2
  • 24
    • 0029947642 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lactic acidosis during sepsis is related to increased pyruvate production, not deficits in tissue oxygen availability
    • DOI 10.1097/00000658-199607000-00015
    • Gore DC, Jahoor F, Hibbert JM, DeMaria EJ. Lactic acidosis during sepsis is related to increased pyruvate production, not deficits in tissue oxygen availability. Ann Surg. 1996;224(1):97-102. (Pubitemid 26230130)
    • (1996) Annals of Surgery , vol.224 , Issue.1 , pp. 97-102
    • Gore, D.C.1    Jahoor, F.2    Hibbert, J.M.3    Demaria, E.J.4
  • 25
    • 0026468247 scopus 로고
    • Biguanide-associated lactic acidosis. Case report and review of the literature
    • Gan SC, Barr J, Arieff AI, Pearl RG. Biguanide-associated lactic acidosis. Case report and review of the literature. Arch Intern Med. 1992;152(11):2333-2336.
    • (1992) Arch Intern Med , vol.152 , Issue.11 , pp. 2333-2336
    • Gan, S.C.1    Barr, J.2    Arieff, A.I.3    Pearl, R.G.4
  • 26
    • 0038309650 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bench-to-bedside review: Severe lactic acidosis in HIV patients treated with nucleoside analogue reverse transcriptase inhibitors
    • DOI 10.1186/cc2162
    • Claessens YE, Chiche JD, Mira JP, Cariou A. Bench-to-bedside review: severe lactic acidosis in HIV patients treated with nucleoside analogue reverse transcriptase inhibitors. Crit Care. 2003;7(3):226-232. (Pubitemid 36748883)
    • (2003) Critical Care , vol.7 , Issue.3 , pp. 226-232
    • Claessens, Y.-E.1    Chiche, J.-D.2    Mira, J.-P.3    Cariou, A.4
  • 27
    • 34547666898 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lactic acidosis after treatment with linezolid
    • Wiener M, Guo Y, Patel G, Fries BC. Lactic acidosis after treatment with linezolid. Infection. 2007;35(4):278-281.
    • (2007) Infection , vol.35 , Issue.4 , pp. 278-281
    • Wiener, M.1    Guo, Y.2    Patel, G.3    Fries, B.C.4
  • 28
    • 0025765874 scopus 로고
    • Isotopic evaluation of the metabolism of pyruvate and related substrates in normal adult volunteers and severely burned children: Effect of dichloroacetate and glucose infusion
    • Wolfe RR, Jahoor F, Herndon DN, Miyoshi H. Isotopic evaluation of the metabolism of pyruvate and related substrates in normal adult volunteers and severely burned children: effect of dichloroacetate and glucose infusion. Surgery. 1991;110(1):54-67.
    • (1991) Surgery , vol.110 , Issue.1 , pp. 54-67
    • Wolfe, R.R.1    Jahoor, F.2    Herndon, D.N.3    Miyoshi, H.4
  • 29
    • 0028878281 scopus 로고
    • Alterations in carbohydrate metabolism during stress: A review of the literature
    • Mizock BA. Alterations in carbohydrate metabolism during stress: a review of the literature. Am J Med. 1995;98(1):75-84.
    • (1995) Am J Med , vol.98 , Issue.1 , pp. 75-84
    • Mizock, B.A.1
  • 31
    • 0030732873 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Significance of hyperlactatemia without acidosis during hypermetabolic stress
    • Mizock BA. Significance of hyperlactatemia without acidosis during hypermetabolic stress. Crit Care Med. 1997;25(11):1780-1781.
    • (1997) Crit Care Med , vol.25 , Issue.11 , pp. 1780-1781
    • Mizock, B.A.1
  • 32
    • 0033533116 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lactate is an unreliable indicator of tissue hypoxia in injury or sepsis
    • James JH, Luchette FA, McCarter FD, Fischer JE. Lactate is an unreliable indicator of tissue hypoxia in injury or sepsis. Lancet. 1999;354(9177):505-508.
    • (1999) Lancet , vol.354 , Issue.9177 , pp. 505-508
    • James, J.H.1    Luchette, F.A.2    McCarter, F.D.3    Fischer, J.E.4
  • 33
    • 14744301896 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • + ATPase activity and raised lactate concentrations in septic shock: A prospective study
    • DOI 10.1016/S0140-6736(05)71045-X
    • Levy B, Gibot S, Franck P, Cravoisy A, Bollaert PE. Relation between muscle Na+K+ ATPase activity and raised lactate concentrations in septic shock: a prospective study. Lancet. 2005;365(9462):871-875. (Pubitemid 40332165)
    • (2005) Lancet , vol.365 , Issue.9462 , pp. 871-875
    • Levy, B.1    Gibot, S.2    Franck, P.3    Cravoisy, A.4    Bollaert, P.-E.5
  • 34
    • 25444517270 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sepsis induces diaphragm electron transport chain dysfunction and protein depletion
    • DOI 10.1164/rccm.200410-1344OC
    • Callahan LA, Supinski GS. Sepsis induces diaphragm electron transport chain dysfunction and protein depletion. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2005;172(7):861-868. (Pubitemid 41369070)
    • (2005) American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine , vol.172 , Issue.7 , pp. 861-868
    • Callahan, L.A.1    Supinski, G.S.2
  • 36
    • 0033288328 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mitochondrial dysfunction in sepsis
    • Singer M, Brealey D. Mitochondrial dysfunction in sepsis. Biochem Soc Symp. 1999;66:149-166.
    • (1999) Biochem Soc Symp , vol.66 , pp. 149-166
    • Singer, M.1    Brealey, D.2
  • 37
    • 0025769649 scopus 로고
    • Altered glucose transporter mRNA abundance in a rat model of endotoxic shock
    • Zeller WP, The SM, Sweet M, et al. Altered glucose transporter mRNA abundance in a rat model of endotoxic shock. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1991;176(1):535-540.
    • (1991) Biochem Biophys Res Commun , vol.176 , Issue.1 , pp. 535-540
    • Zeller, W.P.1    The, S.M.2    Sweet, M.3
  • 38
    • 0025798603 scopus 로고
    • Increased pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase activity in response to sepsis
    • Vary TC. Increased pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase activity in response to sepsis. Am J Physiol. 1991;260(5 Pt 1):E669-E674.
    • (1991) Am J Physiol , vol.260 , Issue.5 PART 1
    • Vary, T.C.1
  • 39
    • 4043110513 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lactate metabolism: A new paradigm for the third millennium
    • Gladden LB. Lactate metabolism: a new paradigm for the third millennium. J Physiol. 2004;558(Pt 1):5-30.
    • (2004) J Physiol , vol.558 , Issue.PART 1 , pp. 5-30
    • Gladden, L.B.1
  • 41
    • 0030982027 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Brain lactate is an obligatory aerobic energy substrate for functional recovery after hypoxia: Further in vitro validation
    • Schurr A, Payne RS, Miller JJ, Rigor BM. Brain lactate is an obligatory aerobic energy substrate for functional recovery after hypoxia: further in vitro validation. J Neurochem. 1997;69(1):423-426. (Pubitemid 27274200)
    • (1997) Journal of Neurochemistry , vol.69 , Issue.1 , pp. 423-426
    • Schurr, A.1    Payne, R.S.2    Miller, J.J.3    Rigor, B.M.4
  • 42
    • 0036336618 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bench-to-bedside review: A possible resolution of the glucose paradox of cerebral ischemia
    • Schurr A. Bench-to-bedside review: a possible resolution of the glucose paradox of cerebral ischemia. Crit Care. 2002;6(4):330-334. (Pubitemid 34863701)
    • (2002) Critical Care , vol.6 , Issue.4 , pp. 330-334
    • Schurr, A.1
  • 43
    • 0031983140 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intravenous lactate prevents cerebral dysfunction during hypoglycaemia in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus
    • King P, Kong MF, Parkin H, MacDonald IA, Barber C, Tattersall RB. Intravenous lactate prevents cerebral dysfunction during hypoglycaemia in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Clin Sci (Lond). 1998;94(2):157-163. (Pubitemid 28052646)
    • (1998) Clinical Science , vol.94 , Issue.2 , pp. 157-163
    • King, P.1    Kong, M.-F.2    Parkin, H.3    Macdonald, I.A.4    Barber, C.5    Tattersall, R.B.6
  • 44
    • 0031034305 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Brain lactate, not glucose, fuels the recovery of synaptic function from hypoxia upon reoxygenation: An in vitro study
    • DOI 10.1016/S0006-8993(96)01106-7, PII S0006899396011067
    • Schurr A, Payne RS, Miller JJ, Rigor BM. Brain lactate, not glucose, fuels the recovery of synaptic function from hypoxia upon reoxygenation: an in vitro study. Brain Res. 1997;744(1):105-111. (Pubitemid 27033584)
    • (1997) Brain Research , vol.744 , Issue.1 , pp. 105-111
    • Schurr, A.1    Payne, R.S.2    Miller, J.J.3    Rigor, B.M.4
  • 45
    • 0142180130 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical prognostic markers in patients with severe sepsis: A prospective analysis of 139 consecutive cases
    • DOI 10.1016/S0163-4453(03)00101-4
    • Gogos CA, Lekkou A, Papageorgiou O, Siagris D, Skoutelis A, Bassaris HP. Clinical prognostic markers in patients with severe sepsis: a prospective analysis of 139 consecutive cases. J Infect. 2003;47(4):300-306. (Pubitemid 37322049)
    • (2003) Journal of Infection , vol.47 , Issue.4 , pp. 300-306
    • Gogos, C.A.1    Lekkou, A.2    Papageorgiou, O.3    Siagris, D.4    Skoutelis, A.5    Bassaris, H.P.6
  • 47
    • 33750305320 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lactate versus non-lactate metabolic acidosis: A retrospective outcome evaluation of critically ill patients
    • DOI 10.1186/cc3987
    • Gunnerson KJ, Saul M, He S, Kellum JA. Lactate versus non-lactate metabolic acidosis: a retrospective outcome evaluation of critically ill patients. Crit Care. 2006;10(1):R22. (Pubitemid 47079799)
    • (2006) Critical Care , vol.10 , Issue.1
    • Gunnerson, K.J.1    Saul, M.2    He, S.3    Kellum, J.A.4
  • 48
    • 50549184411 scopus 로고
    • Abnormal resting blood lactate. I. The significance of hyperlactatemia in hospitalized patients
    • Huckabee WE. Abnormal resting blood lactate. I. The significance of hyperlactatemia in hospitalized patients. Am J Med. 1961;30:840-848.
    • (1961) Am J Med , vol.30 , pp. 840-848
    • Huckabee, W.E.1
  • 51
    • 0023692954 scopus 로고
    • Acidosis during early reperfusion prevents myocardial stunning in perfused ferret hearts
    • Kitakaze M, Weisfeldt ML, Marban E. Acidosis during early reperfusion prevents myocardial stunning in perfused ferret hearts. J Clin Invest. 1988;82(3):920-927.
    • (1988) J Clin Invest , vol.82 , Issue.3 , pp. 920-927
    • Kitakaze, M.1    Weisfeldt, M.L.2    Marban, E.3
  • 55
    • 0036780538 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Metabolic and hemodynamic effects of hypertonic solutions: Sodium-lactate versus sodium chloride infusion in postoperative patients
    • Mustafa I, Leverve XM. Metabolic and hemodynamic effects of hypertonic solutions: sodium-lactate versus sodium chloride infusion in postoperative patients. Shock. 2002;18(4):306-310.
    • (2002) Shock , vol.18 , Issue.4 , pp. 306-310
    • Mustafa, I.1    Leverve, X.M.2
  • 56
    • 0020697177 scopus 로고
    • Medical complications of status epilepticus
    • Glaser GH. Medical complications of status epilepticus. Adv Neurol. 1983;34:395-398.
    • (1983) Adv Neurol , vol.34 , pp. 395-398
    • Glaser, G.H.1
  • 57
    • 0026353729 scopus 로고
    • Bicarbonate therapy in severe diabetic ketoacidosis. A double blind, randomized, placebo controlled trial
    • Gamba G, Nieminen AL, Fleishman KE, Dawson TL, Herman B, Lemasters JJ. Bicarbonate therapy in severe diabetic ketoacidosis. A double blind, randomized, placebo controlled trial. Rev Invest Clin. 1991;43(3):234-238.
    • (1991) Rev Invest Clin , vol.43 , Issue.3 , pp. 234-238
    • Gamba, G.1    Nieminen, A.L.2    Fleishman, K.E.3    Dawson, T.L.4    Herman, B.5    Lemasters, J.J.6
  • 58
    • 0025190817 scopus 로고
    • Supercarbia in children: Clinical course and outcome
    • Goldstein B, Shannon DC, Todres ID. Supercarbia in children: clinical course and outcome. Crit Care Med. 1990;18(2):166-168. (Pubitemid 20053009)
    • (1990) Critical Care Medicine , vol.18 , Issue.2 , pp. 166-168
    • Goldstein, B.1    Shannon, D.C.2    Todres, I.D.3
  • 59
    • 0027948495 scopus 로고
    • Low mortality rate in adult respiratory distress syndrome using low- Volume, pressure-limited ventilation with permissive hypercapnia: A prospective study
    • Hickling KG, Walsh J, Henderson S, Jackson R. Low mortality rate in adult respiratory distress syndrome using low-volume, pressure-limited ventilation with permissive hypercapnia: a prospective study. Crit Care Med. 1994;22(10):1568-1578. (Pubitemid 24320879)
    • (1994) Critical Care Medicine , vol.22 , Issue.10 , pp. 1568-1578
    • Hickling, K.G.1    Walsh, J.2    Henderson, S.3    Jackson, R.4
  • 61
    • 0026639010 scopus 로고
    • Lactic acidosis: Effect of treatment on intracellular pH and energetics in living rat heart
    • Zahler R, Barrett E, Majumdar S, Greene R, Gore JC. Lactic acidosis: effect of treatment on intracellular pH and energetics in living rat heart. Am J Physiol. 1992;262(5 Pt 2):H1572-H1578.
    • (1992) Am J Physiol , vol.262 , Issue.5 PART 2
    • Zahler, R.1    Barrett, E.2    Majumdar, S.3    Greene, R.4    Gore, J.C.5
  • 62
    • 0029997872 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of sodium bicarbonate on intracellular pH under different buffering conditions
    • Levraut J, Labib Y, Chave S, Payan P, Raucoules-Aime M, Grimaud D. Effect of sodium bicarbonate on intracellular pH under different buffering conditions. Kidney Int. 1996;49(5):1262-1267. (Pubitemid 26166402)
    • (1996) Kidney International , vol.49 , Issue.5 , pp. 1262-1267
    • Levraut, J.1    Labib, Y.2    Chave, S.3    Payan, P.4    Raucoules-Aime, M.5    Grimaud, D.6
  • 63
    • 0025687703 scopus 로고
    • Hemodynamic and hepatic pH responses to sodium bicarbonate and Carbicarb during systemic acidosis
    • Shapiro JI, Whalen M, Chan L. Hemodynamic and hepatic pH responses to sodium bicarbonate and Carbicarb during systemic acidosis. Magn Reson Med. 1990;16(3):403-410.
    • (1990) Magn Reson Med , vol.16 , Issue.3 , pp. 403-410
    • Shapiro, J.I.1    Whalen, M.2    Chan, L.3
  • 64
    • 0033624116 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 3 depends on blood albumin and hemoglobin concentrations
    • 3 depends on blood albumin and hemoglobin concentrations. Intensive Care Med. 2000;26(5):558-564.
    • (2000) Intensive Care Med , vol.26 , Issue.5 , pp. 558-564
    • Levraut, J.1    Garcia, P.2    Giunti, C.3
  • 66
    • 0033796625 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dynamic study of the distribution of microcirculatory blood flow in multiple splanchnic organs in septic shock
    • Hiltebrand LB, Krejci V, Banic A, Erni D, Wheatley AM, Sigurdsson GH. Dynamic study of the distribution of microcirculatory blood flow in multiple splanchnic organs in septic shock. Crit Care Med. 2000;28(9):3233-3241.
    • (2000) Crit Care Med , vol.28 , Issue.9 , pp. 3233-3241
    • Hiltebrand, L.B.1    Krejci, V.2    Banic, A.3    Erni, D.4    Wheatley, A.M.5    Sigurdsson, G.H.6
  • 67
    • 0028206959 scopus 로고
    • The effects of sodium bicarbonate and a mixture of sodium bicarbonate and carbonate ("Carbicarb") on skeletal muscle pH and hemodynamic status in rats with hypovolemic shock
    • Beech JS, Nolan KM, Iles RA, Cohen RD, Williams SC, Evans SJ. The effects of sodium bicarbonate and a mixture of sodium bicarbonate and carbonate ("Carbicarb") on skeletal muscle pH and hemodynamic status in rats with hypovolemic shock. Metabolism. 1994;43(4):518-522.
    • (1994) Metabolism , vol.43 , Issue.4 , pp. 518-522
    • Beech, J.S.1    Nolan, K.M.2    Iles, R.A.3    Cohen, R.D.4    Williams, S.C.5    Evans, S.J.6
  • 68
    • 0029096331 scopus 로고
    • Haemodynamic and metabolic effects in diabetic ketoacidosis in rats of treatment with sodium bicarbonate or a mixture of sodium bicarbonate and sodium carbonate
    • Beech JS, Williams SC, Iles RA, et al. Haemodynamic and metabolic effects in diabetic ketoacidosis in rats of treatment with sodium bicarbonate or a mixture of sodium bicarbonate and sodium carbonate. Diabetologia. 1995;38(8):889-898.
    • (1995) Diabetologia , vol.38 , Issue.8 , pp. 889-898
    • Beech, J.S.1    Williams, S.C.2    Iles, R.A.3
  • 69
    • 0028402513 scopus 로고
    • Effects of sodium bicarbonate on striated muscle metabolism and intracellular pH during endotoxic shock
    • Bollaert PE, Robin-Lherbier B, Mallie JP, Nace L, Escanye JM, Larcan A. Effects of sodium bicarbonate on striated muscle metabolism and intracellular pH during endotoxic shock. Shock. 1994;1(3):196-200.
    • (1994) Shock , vol.1 , Issue.3 , pp. 196-200
    • Bollaert, P.E.1    Robin-Lherbier, B.2    Mallie, J.P.3    Nace, L.4    Escanye, J.M.5    Larcan, A.6
  • 70
    • 0027183677 scopus 로고
    • Carbicarb, sodium bicarbonate, and sodium chloride in hypoxic lactic acidosis. Effect on arterial blood gases, lactate concentrations, hemodynamic variables, and myocardial intracellular pH
    • Rhee KH, Toro LO, McDonald GG, Nunnally RL, Levin DL. Carbicarb, sodium bicarbonate, and sodium chloride in hypoxic lactic acidosis. Effect on arterial blood gases, lactate concentrations, hemodynamic variables, and myocardial intracellular pH. Chest. 1993;104(3):913-918.
    • (1993) Chest , vol.104 , Issue.3 , pp. 913-918
    • Rhee, K.H.1    Toro, L.O.2    McDonald, G.G.3    Nunnally, R.L.4    Levin, D.L.5
  • 71
    • 0023930836 scopus 로고
    • Improved hemodynamic function during hypoxia with Carbicarb, a new agent for the management of acidosis
    • Bersin RM, Arieff AI. Improved hemodynamic function during hypoxia with Carbicarb, a new agent for the management of acidosis. Circulation. 1988;77(1):227-233.
    • (1988) Circulation , vol.77 , Issue.1 , pp. 227-233
    • Bersin, R.M.1    Arieff, A.I.2
  • 73
    • 0015292530 scopus 로고
    • Binding of calcium to serum albumin. II. Effect of pH via competitive hydrogen and calcium ion binding to the imidazole groups of albumin
    • Pedersen KO. Binding of calcium to serum albumin. II. Effect of pH via competitive hydrogen and calcium ion binding to the imidazole groups of albumin. Scand J Clin Lab Invest. 1972;29(1):75-83.
    • (1972) Scand J Clin Lab Invest , vol.29 , Issue.1 , pp. 75-83
    • Pedersen, K.O.1
  • 74
    • 0023934289 scopus 로고
    • Left ventricular contractility varies directly with blood ionized calcium
    • Lang RM, Fellner SK, Neumann A, Bushinsky DA, Borow KM. Left ventricular contractility varies directly with blood ionized calcium. Ann Intern Med. 1988;108(4):524-529.
    • (1988) Ann Intern Med , vol.108 , Issue.4 , pp. 524-529
    • Lang, R.M.1    Fellner, S.K.2    Neumann, A.3    Bushinsky, D.A.4    Borow, K.M.5
  • 75
    • 0015023774 scopus 로고
    • Regulatory mechanisms of hemoglobin oxygen affinity in acidosis and alkalosis
    • Bellingham AJ, Detter JC, Lenfant C. Regulatory mechanisms of hemoglobin oxygen affinity in acidosis and alkalosis. J Clin Invest. 1971;50(3):700-706.
    • (1971) J Clin Invest , vol.50 , Issue.3 , pp. 700-706
    • Bellingham, A.J.1    Detter, J.C.2    Lenfant, C.3
  • 76
    • 0024394995 scopus 로고
    • Metabolic and hemodynamic consequences of sodium bicarbonate administration in patients with heart disease
    • Bersin RM, Chatterjee K, Arieff AI. Metabolic and hemodynamic consequences of sodium bicarbonate administration in patients with heart disease. Am J Med. 1989;87(1):7-14. (Pubitemid 19179403)
    • (1989) American Journal of Medicine , vol.87 , Issue.1 , pp. 7-14
    • Bersin, R.M.1    Chatterjee, K.2    Arieff, A.I.3
  • 77
    • 0031727820 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sodium ion/hydrogen ion exchange inhibition: A new pharmacologic approach to myocardial ischemia and reperfusion injury
    • Levitsky J, Gurell D, Frishman WH. Sodium ion/hydrogen ion exchange inhibition: a new pharmacologic approach to myocardial ischemia and reperfusion injury. J Clin Pharmacol. 1998;38(10):887-897. (Pubitemid 28482113)
    • (1998) Journal of Clinical Pharmacology , vol.38 , Issue.10 , pp. 887-897
    • Levitsky, J.1    Gurell, D.2    Frishman, W.H.3
  • 78
    • 12244265760 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • SEA0400: A novel sodium-calcium exchange inhibitor with cardioprotective properties
    • Lee C, Hryshko LV. SEA0400: a novel sodium-calcium exchange inhibitor with cardioprotective properties. Cardiovasc Drug Rev. 2004;22(4):334-347. (Pubitemid 40116806)
    • (2004) Cardiovascular Drug Reviews , vol.22 , Issue.4 , pp. 334-347
    • Lee, C.1    Hryshko, L.V.2
  • 79
    • 0023257084 scopus 로고
    • Elevation in cytosolic free calcium concentration early in myocardial ischemia in perfused rat heart
    • Steenbergen C, Murphy E, Levy L, London RE. Elevation in cytosolic free calcium concentration early in myocardial ischemia in perfused rat heart. Circ Res. 1987;60(5):700-707. (Pubitemid 17098135)
    • (1987) Circulation Research , vol.60 , Issue.5 , pp. 700-707
    • Steenbergen, C.1    Murphy, E.2    Levy, L.3    London, R.E.4
  • 80
    • 0031466835 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Acute haemodynamic effects of sodium bicarbonate administration in respiratory and metabolic acidosis in anaesthetized dogs
    • Tanaka M, Nishikawa T. Acute haemodynamic effects of sodium bicarbonate administration in respiratory and metabolic acidosis in anaesthetized dogs. Anaesth Intensive Care. 1997;25(6):615-620. (Pubitemid 28021451)
    • (1997) Anaesthesia and Intensive Care , vol.25 , Issue.6 , pp. 615-620
    • Tanaka, M.1    Nishikawa, T.2
  • 81
    • 0027240393 scopus 로고
    • Bicarbonate does not increase left ventricular contractility during L-lactic acidemia in pigs
    • Cooper DJ, Herbertson MJ, Werner HA, Walley KR. Bicarbonate does not increase left ventricular contractility during L-lactic acidemia in pigs. Am Rev Respir Dis. 1993;148(2):317-322.
    • (1993) Am Rev Respir Dis , vol.148 , Issue.2 , pp. 317-322
    • Cooper, D.J.1    Herbertson, M.J.2    Werner, H.A.3    Walley, K.R.4
  • 82
    • 0025934559 scopus 로고
    • Effects of bicarbonate therapy on hemodynamics and tissue oxygenation in patients with lactic acidosis: A prospective, controlled clinical study
    • Mathieu D, Neviere R, Billard V, Fleyfel M, Wattel F. Effects of bicarbonate therapy on hemodynamics and tissue oxygenation in patients with lactic acidosis: a prospective, controlled clinical study. Crit Care Med. 1991;19(11):1352-1356.
    • (1991) Crit Care Med , vol.19 , Issue.11 , pp. 1352-1356
    • Mathieu, D.1    Neviere, R.2    Billard, V.3    Fleyfel, M.4    Wattel, F.5
  • 83
    • 0028076234 scopus 로고
    • Safety and efficacy of intravenous Carbicarb in patients undergoing surgery: Comparison with sodium bicarbonate in the treatment of mild metabolic acidosis
    • SPI Research Group. Study of Perioperative Ischemia
    • Leung JM, Landow L, Franks M, et al. Safety and efficacy of intravenous Carbicarb in patients undergoing surgery: comparison with sodium bicarbonate in the treatment of mild metabolic acidosis. SPI Research Group. Study of Perioperative Ischemia. Crit Care Med. 1994;22(10):1540-1549.
    • (1994) Crit Care Med , vol.22 , Issue.10 , pp. 1540-1549
    • Leung, J.M.1    Landow, L.2    Franks, M.3
  • 85
    • 0026448257 scopus 로고
    • A controlled clinical trial of dichloroacetate for treatment of lactic acidosis in adults
    • The Dichloroacetate-Lactic Acidosis Study Group
    • Stacpoole PW, Wright EC, Baumgartner TG, et al. A controlled clinical trial of dichloroacetate for treatment of lactic acidosis in adults. The Dichloroacetate-Lactic Acidosis Study Group. N Engl J Med. 1992;327(22):1564- 1569.
    • (1992) N Engl J Med , vol.327 , Issue.22 , pp. 1564-1569
    • Stacpoole, P.W.1    Wright, E.C.2    Baumgartner, T.G.3
  • 86
    • 0031012255 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of continuous venovenous hemofiltration with dialysis on lactate clearance in critically ill patients
    • DOI 10.1097/00003246-199701000-00013
    • Levraut J, Ciebiera JP, Jambou P, Ichai C, Labib Y, Grimaud D. Effect of continuous venovenous hemofiltration with dialysis on lactate clearance in critically ill patients. Crit Care Med. 1997;25(1):58-62. (Pubitemid 27015040)
    • (1997) Critical Care Medicine , vol.25 , Issue.1 , pp. 58-62
    • Levraut, J.1    Ciebiera, J.-P.2    Jambou, P.3    Ichai, C.4    Labib, Y.5    Grimaud, D.6
  • 87
    • 34247647130 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A pilot randomised controlled comparison of continuous veno-venous haemofiltration and extended daily dialysis with filtration: Effect on small solutes and acid-base balance
    • DOI 10.1007/s00134-007-0596-0
    • Baldwin I, Naka T, Koch B, Fealy N, Bellomo R. A pilot randomised controlled comparison of continuous veno-venous haemofiltration and extended daily dialysis with filtration: effect on small solutes and acid-base balance. Intensive Care Med. 2007;33(5):830-835. (Pubitemid 46675330)
    • (2007) Intensive Care Medicine , vol.33 , Issue.5 , pp. 830-835
    • Baldwin, I.1    Naka, T.2    Koch, B.3    Fealy, N.4    Bellomo, R.5
  • 88
    • 0034924038 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intermittent versus continuous renal replacement therapy in the ICU: Impact on electrolyte and acid-base balance
    • DOI 10.1007/s001340100953
    • Uchino S, Bellomo R, Ronco C. Intermittent versus continuous renal replacement therapy in the ICU: impact on electrolyte and acid-base balance. Intensive Care Med. 2001;27(6):1037-1043. (Pubitemid 32662486)
    • (2001) Intensive Care Medicine , vol.27 , Issue.6 , pp. 1037-1043
    • Uchino, S.1    Bellomo, R.2    Ronco, C.3
  • 89
    • 0344420380 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Risk of Fatal and Nonfatal Lactic Acidosis with Metformin Use in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
    • DOI 10.1001/archinte.163.21.2594
    • Salpeter SR, Greyber E, Pasternak GA, Salpeter EE. Risk of fatal and nonfatal lactic acidosis with metformin use in type 2 diabetes mellitus: systematic review and meta-analysis. Arch Intern Med. 2003;163(21):2594-2602. (Pubitemid 37464417)
    • (2003) Archives of Internal Medicine , vol.163 , Issue.21 , pp. 2594-2602
    • Salpeter, S.R.1    Greyber, E.2    Pasternak, G.A.3    Salpeter, E.E.4
  • 90
    • 33645342741 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Severe acidosis in patients taking metformin - Rapid reversal and survival despite high APACHE score
    • Nyirenda MJ, Sandeep T, Grant I, Price G, McKnight JA. Severe acidosis in patients taking metformin - rapid reversal and survival despite high APACHE score. Diabet Med. 2006;23(4):432-435.
    • (2006) Diabet Med , vol.23 , Issue.4 , pp. 432-435
    • Nyirenda, M.J.1    Sandeep, T.2    Grant, I.3    Price, G.4    McKnight, J.A.5
  • 91
    • 0032969589 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Incidence of lactic acidosis in metformin users
    • DOI 10.2337/diacare.22.6.925
    • Stang M, Wysowski DK, Butler-Jones D. Incidence of lactic acidosis in metformin users. Diabetes Care. 1999;22(6):925-927. (Pubitemid 29241046)
    • (1999) Diabetes Care , vol.22 , Issue.6 , pp. 925-927
    • Stang, M.1    Wysowski, D.K.2    Butler-Jones, D.3
  • 92
    • 0032917623 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lactic acidosis in metformin-treated patients. Prognostic value of arterial lactate levels and plasma metformin concentrations
    • Lalau JD, Race JM. Lactic acidosis in metformin-treated patients. Prognostic value of arterial lactate levels and plasma metformin concentrations. Drug Saf. 1999;20(4):377-384.
    • (1999) Drug Saf , vol.20 , Issue.4 , pp. 377-384
    • Lalau, J.D.1    Race, J.M.2
  • 94
    • 0017843124 scopus 로고
    • Lactic acidosis in biguanide-treated diabetics. a review of 330 cases
    • Luft D, Schmulling RM, Eggstein M. Lactic acidosis in biguanide-treated diabetics: a review of 330 cases. Diabetologia. 1978;14(2):75-87. (Pubitemid 8277514)
    • (1978) Diabetologia , vol.14 , Issue.2 , pp. 75-87
    • Luft, D.1    Schmuelling, R.M.2    Eggstein, M.3
  • 95
    • 0021331489 scopus 로고
    • Treatment of metformin-associated lactic acidosis with closed recirculation bicarbonate-buffered hemodialysis
    • Chalopin JM, Tanter Y, Besancenot JF, Cabanne JF, Rifle G. Treatment of metformin-associated lactic acidosis with closed recirculation bicarbonate-buffered hemodialysis. Arch Intern Med. 1984;144(1):203-205. (Pubitemid 14217992)
    • (1984) Archives of Internal Medicine , vol.144 , Issue.1 , pp. 203-205
    • Chalopin, J.M.1    Tanter, Y.2    Besancenot, J.F.3
  • 96
    • 0036382584 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • High anion gap metabolic acidosis in suicide: Don't forget metformin intoxication - Two patients' experiences
    • Chang CT, Chen YC, Fang JT, Huang CC. High anion gap metabolic acidosis in suicide: don't forget metformin intoxication - two patients' experiences. Ren Fail. 2002;24(5):671-675.
    • (2002) Ren Fail , vol.24 , Issue.5 , pp. 671-675
    • Chang, C.T.1    Chen, Y.C.2    Fang, J.T.3    Huang, C.C.4
  • 98
    • 0030977354 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bicarbonate haemodialysis as a treatment of metformin overdose
    • DOI 10.1093/ndt/12.5.1046
    • Heaney D, Majid A, Junor B. Bicarbonate haemodialysis as a treatment of metformin overdose. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 1997;12(5):1046-1047. (Pubitemid 27216337)
    • (1997) Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation , vol.12 , Issue.5 , pp. 1046-1047
    • Heaney, D.1    Majid, A.2    Junor, B.3
  • 99
    • 4344660628 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Combination of intermittent haemodialysis and high-volume continuous haemofiltration for the treatment of severe metformin-induced lactic acidosis [5]
    • DOI 10.1093/ndt/gfh337
    • Panzer U, Kluge S, Kreymann G, Wolf G. Combination of intermittent haemodialysis and high-volume continuous haemofiltration for the treatment of severe metformin-induced lactic acidosis. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2004;19(8):2157-2158. (Pubitemid 39139660)
    • (2004) Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation , vol.19 , Issue.8 , pp. 2157-2158
    • Panzer, U.1    Kluge, S.2    Kreymann, G.3    Wolf, G.4
  • 100
    • 35348933256 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • When a friend can become an enemy! Recognition and management of metformin-associated lactic acidosis
    • DOI 10.1038/sj.ki.5002346, PII 5002346
    • Prikis M, Mesler EL, Hood VL, Weise WJ. When a friend can become an enemy! Recognition and management of metformin-associated lactic acidosis. Kidney Int. 2007;72(9):1157-1160. (Pubitemid 47609030)
    • (2007) Kidney International , vol.72 , Issue.9 , pp. 1157-1160
    • Prikis, M.1    Mesler, E.L.2    Hood, V.L.3    Weise, W.J.4
  • 102
    • 0036314068 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clearance of metformin by hemofiltration in overdose
    • Barrueto F, Meggs WJ, Barchman MJ. Clearance of metformin by hemofiltration in overdose. J Toxicol Clin Toxicol. 2002;40(2):177-180.
    • (2002) J Toxicol Clin Toxicol , vol.40 , Issue.2 , pp. 177-180
    • Barrueto, F.1    Meggs, W.J.2    Barchman, M.J.3
  • 103
    • 0035103361 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Metformin-associated lactic acidosis
    • Kruse JA. Metformin-associated lactic acidosis. J Emerg Med. 2001;20(3):267-272.
    • (2001) J Emerg Med , vol.20 , Issue.3 , pp. 267-272
    • Kruse, J.A.1
  • 104
    • 0037420491 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Contraindications to use of metformin. Blanket banning of metformin two days before surgery may not be a good idea
    • author reply 762
    • Jones P, Yate P. Contraindications to use of metformin. Blanket banning of metformin two days before surgery may not be a good idea. BMJ. 2003;326(7392):762; author reply 762.
    • (2003) BMJ , vol.326 , Issue.7392 , pp. 762
    • Jones, P.1    Yate, P.2
  • 105
    • 0028817865 scopus 로고
    • Hepatic failure and lactic acidosis due to fialuridine (FIAU), an investigational nucleoside analogue for chronic hepatitis B
    • McKenzie R, Fried MW, Sallie R, et al. Hepatic failure and lactic acidosis due to fialuridine (FIAU), an investigational nucleoside analogue for chronic hepatitis B. N Engl J Med. 1995;333(17):1099-1105.
    • (1995) N Engl J Med , vol.333 , Issue.17 , pp. 1099-1105
    • McKenzie, R.1    Fried, M.W.2    Sallie, R.3
  • 106
    • 0030793323 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Zidovudine-induced fatal lactic acidosis and hepatic failure in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome: Report of two patients and review of the literature
    • DOI 10.1097/00003246-199708000-00034
    • Sundar K, Suarez M, Banogon PE, Shapiro JM. Zidovudine-induced fatal lactic acidosis and hepatic failure in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome: report of two patients and review of the literature. Crit Care Med. 1997;25(8):1425-1430. (Pubitemid 27347311)
    • (1997) Critical Care Medicine , vol.25 , Issue.8 , pp. 1425-1430
    • Sundar, K.1    Suarez, M.2    Banogon, P.E.3    Shapiro, J.M.4
  • 107
    • 0028990381 scopus 로고
    • Mitochondrial toxicity of antiviral drugs
    • Lewis W, Dalakas MC. Mitochondrial toxicity of antiviral drugs. Nat Med. 1995;1(5):417-422.
    • (1995) Nat Med , vol.1 , Issue.5 , pp. 417-422
    • Lewis, W.1    Dalakas, M.C.2
  • 108
    • 0034033584 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mitochondrial toxicity of nucleoside analogue reverse transcriptase inhibitors: A looming obstacle for long-term antiretroviral therapy?
    • Brinkman K, Kakuda TN. Mitochondrial toxicity of nucleoside analogue reverse transcriptase inhibitors: a looming obstacle for long-term antiretroviral therapy? Curr Opin Infect Dis. 2000;13(1):5-11.
    • (2000) Curr Opin Infect Dis , vol.13 , Issue.1 , pp. 5-11
    • Brinkman, K.1    Kakuda, T.N.2
  • 109
    • 33747122666 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Treatment for adult HIV infection: 2006 recommendations of the International AIDS Society-USA panel
    • Hammer SM, Saag MS, Schechter M, et al. Treatment for adult HIV infection: 2006 recommendations of the International AIDS Society-USA panel. JAMA. 2006;296(7):827-843.
    • (2006) JAMA , vol.296 , Issue.7 , pp. 827-843
    • Hammer, S.M.1    Saag, M.S.2    Schechter, M.3
  • 110
    • 0032566235 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Riboflavin to treat nucleoside analogue-induced lactic acidosis
    • DOI 10.1016/S0140-6736(05)60266-8
    • Fouty B, Frerman F, Reves R. Riboflavin to treat nucleoside analogue-induced lactic acidosis. Lancet. 1998;352(9124):291-292. (Pubitemid 28340157)
    • (1998) Lancet , vol.352 , Issue.9124 , pp. 291-292
    • Fouty, B.1    Frerman, F.2    Reves, R.3
  • 113
    • 0037068641 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hyperosmolar metabolic acidosis and intravenous Lorazepam
    • author reply 857-858
    • Mullins ME, Barnes BJ. Hyperosmolar metabolic acidosis and intravenous Lorazepam. N Engl J Med. 2002;347(11):857-858; author reply 857-858.
    • (2002) N Engl J Med , vol.347 , Issue.11 , pp. 857-858
    • Mullins, M.E.1    Barnes, B.J.2
  • 114
    • 24944459735 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Propylene glycol toxicity: A severe iatrogenic illness in ICU patients receiving IV benzodiazepines: a case series and prospective, observational pilot study
    • DOI 10.1378/chest.128.3.1674
    • Wilson KC, Reardon C, Theodore AC, Farber HW. Propylene glycol toxicity: a severe iatrogenic illness in ICU patients receiving IV benzodiazepines: a case series and prospective, observational pilot study. Chest. 2005;128(3):1674- 1681. (Pubitemid 41324463)
    • (2005) Chest , vol.128 , Issue.3 , pp. 1674-1681
    • Wilson, K.C.1    Reardon, C.2    Theodore, A.C.3    Farber, H.W.4
  • 115
    • 0023191970 scopus 로고
    • Propylene glycol pharmacokinetics and effects after intravenous infusion in humans
    • Speth PA, Vree TB, Neilen NF, et al. Propylene glycol pharmacokinetics and effects after intravenous infusion in humans. Ther Drug Monit. 1987;9(3):255-258.
    • (1987) Ther Drug Monit , vol.9 , Issue.3 , pp. 255-258
    • Speth, P.A.1    Vree, T.B.2    Neilen, N.F.3
  • 116
    • 0034861426 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Short-term lorazepam infusion and concern for propylene glycol toxicity: Case report and review
    • Cawley MJ. Short-term lorazepam infusion and concern for propylene glycol toxicity: case report and review. Pharmacotherapy. 2001;21(9):1140-1144.
    • (2001) Pharmacotherapy , vol.21 , Issue.9 , pp. 1140-1144
    • Cawley, M.J.1
  • 117
    • 34249977584 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Recognition, treatment, and prevention of propylene glycol toxicity
    • Zar T, Graeber C, Perazella MA. Recognition, treatment, and prevention of propylene glycol toxicity. Semin Dial. 2007;20(3):217-219.
    • (2007) Semin Dial , vol.20 , Issue.3 , pp. 217-219
    • Zar, T.1    Graeber, C.2    Perazella, M.A.3
  • 118
    • 0032437845 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Propylene glycol-mediated cell injury in a primary culture of human proximal tubule cells
    • Morshed KM, Jain SK, McMartin KE. Propylene glycol-mediated cell injury in a primary culture of human proximal tubule cells. Toxicol Sci. 1998;46(2):410-417.
    • (1998) Toxicol Sci , vol.46 , Issue.2 , pp. 410-417
    • Morshed, K.M.1    Jain, S.K.2    McMartin, K.E.3
  • 119
    • 0033895507 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Osmolar gap metabolic acidosis in a 60-year-old man treated for hypoxemic respiratory failure
    • Arbour R, Esparis B. Osmolar gap metabolic acidosis in a 60-year-old man treated for hypoxemic respiratory failure. Chest. 2000;118(2):545-546. (Pubitemid 30637829)
    • (2000) Chest , vol.118 , Issue.2 , pp. 545-546
    • Arbour, R.1    Esparis, B.2
  • 120
    • 3943098025 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relationship of continuous infusion lorazepam to serum propylene glycol concentration in critically ill adults
    • DOI 10.1097/01.CCM.0000134831.40466.39
    • Arroliga AC, Shehab N, McCarthy K, Gonzales JP. Relationship of continuous infusion lorazepam to serum propylene glycol concentration in critically ill adults. Crit Care Med. 2004;32(8):1709-1714. (Pubitemid 39050522)
    • (2004) Critical Care Medicine , vol.32 , Issue.8 , pp. 1709-1714
    • Arroliga, A.C.1    Shehab, N.2    McCarthy, K.3    Gonzales, J.P.4
  • 121
    • 0036163664 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Removal of propylene glycol and correction of increased osmolar gap by hemodialysis in a patient on high dose lorazepam infusion therapy
    • Parker MG, Fraser GL, Watson DM, Riker RR. Removal of propylene glycol and correction of increased osmolar gap by hemodialysis in a patient on high dose lorazepam infusion therapy. Intensive Care Med. 2002;28(1):81-84.
    • (2002) Intensive Care Med , vol.28 , Issue.1 , pp. 81-84
    • Parker, M.G.1    Fraser, G.L.2    Watson, D.M.3    Riker, R.R.4
  • 123
    • 0037413465 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Linezolid-induced lactic acidosis
    • Apodaca AA, Rakita RM. Linezolid-induced lactic acidosis. N Engl J Med. 2003;348(1):86-87.
    • (2003) N Engl J Med , vol.348 , Issue.1 , pp. 86-87
    • Apodaca, A.A.1    Rakita, R.M.2
  • 124
    • 56049084881 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Toxicity of extended courses of linezolid: Results of an Infectious Diseases Society of America Emerging Infections Network survey
    • Beekmann SE, Gilbert DN, Polgreen PM. Toxicity of extended courses of linezolid: results of an Infectious Diseases Society of America Emerging Infections Network survey. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis. 2008;62(4):407-410.
    • (2008) Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis , vol.62 , Issue.4 , pp. 407-410
    • Beekmann, S.E.1    Gilbert, D.N.2    Polgreen, P.M.3
  • 125
    • 28144446613 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mitochondrial toxicity associated with linezolid
    • Soriano A, Miro O, Mensa J. Mitochondrial toxicity associated with linezolid. N Engl J Med. 2005;353(21):2305-2306.
    • (2005) N Engl J Med , vol.353 , Issue.21 , pp. 2305-2306
    • Soriano, A.1    Miro, O.2    Mensa, J.3
  • 126
    • 33645763684 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Linezolid-induced inhibition of mitochondrial protein synthesis
    • De Vriese AS, Coster RV, Smet J, et al. Linezolid-induced inhibition of mitochondrial protein synthesis. Clin Infect Dis. 2006;42(8):1111-1117.
    • (2006) Clin Infect Dis , vol.42 , Issue.8 , pp. 1111-1117
    • De Vriese, A.S.1    Coster, R.V.2    Smet, J.3
  • 127
    • 0347784957 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Use of base in the treatment of severe acidemic states
    • Kraut JA, Kurtz I. Use of base in the treatment of severe acidemic states. Am J Kidney Dis. 2001;38(4):703-727. (Pubitemid 32927895)
    • (2001) American Journal of Kidney Diseases , vol.38 , Issue.4 , pp. 703-727
    • Kraut, J.A.1    Kurtz, I.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.