Friends of God: Islamic Images of Piety, Commitment, and Servanthood

Friends of God: Islamic Images of Piety, Commitment, and Servanthood

Volumn , Issue , 2008, Pages

  Renard, John ^a  

^a SAINT LOUIS UNIVERSITY   (United States)

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EID: 77950887144     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: None     Document Type: Book

References (479)

1. The expression asatm irm al-awwalinm occurs nine times in the Qur,anm in a variety of contexts (6:25, 8:31, 16:24, 23:83, 25:5, 27:68, 46:17, 68:15, 83:13), typically describing the temporizing of unbelievers
2. Alan Dundes, Fables of the Ancients? Folklore in the Qur,amn (Lanham, MD: Rowman and Littlefield, 2003).
3. Sahihm Muslim. 5 vols. (Beirut: Darm Ibn Hazm, 1995), 4:1481, tradition 2388.
4. James Robson, trans. Mishkatm al-masabm ihm (Lahore: Sh. Muhammad Ashraf, 1975), 2:1271-1382
5. Sahihm Muslim, 4:1423-1566.
6. SIG. Arabic text in Ibn Hishamm , As-Sirm at an-Nabawiym a, 2 vols.(Cairo: Maktabat al-Kulligatm al-Azhariym a, n.d.).
7. Donald P. Little, "Narrative Themes and Devices in al- Waqm idi'ms Kitabm al-maghazm i,m" in Reason and Inspiration in Islam, ed. Todd Lawson (London: I. B. Tauris, 2005), 34-45.
8. SC 38.....
9. RS 272-73.
10. Denis Gril, "Saint des villes et saint des champs: étude comparée de deux vies de saints d'époque mamelouke," in SM, 61-82.
11. Jean-Jacques Thibon, "Hiérarchie spirituelle, functions du saint et hagiographie dans l'oeuvre de Sulami,m" in SM, 13-31.
12. RS 274-75.
13. RSG 35-42
14. Hasan M. El-Shamy, Folk Traditions of the Arab World. 2 vols. (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1995)
15. TAE 388.
16. "Birth," "Born," "Child," "Children," and so on, listed alphabetically in vol. 2.
17. Michael Goodich, "Childhood and Adolescence among the 13th-Century Saints"; "Una santa bambina, una santa dei bambini: l'infanzia di Elisabetta di Turingia (1207-31)"
18. "Il Fanciullo come fulcro di miracoli e potere spirituale (XIII e XIV secolo)," all in Lives and Miracles of the Saints: Studies in Medieval Latin Hagiography, ed. Michael E. Goodich (Burlington, VT: Ashgate, 2004).
19. QKT 109-110, 163.
20. QTB 124.
21. QKT 130-38, 160
22. QTB 124-27.
23. QKT 214-16
24. QTB 278-80, 282-83.
25. QKT 92.
26. QTB 441-42.
27. QKT 326-28.
28. MLP 208.
29. QKT 330
30. QTB 638-45.
31. QKT 289.
32. SIG 67-69.
33. Valerie Hoffman, Sufism, Mystics, and Saints in Modern Egypt (Columbia: University of South Carolina Press, 1995), 72.
34. RSI 70-77.
35. TAE 222, 161.
36. MAO 576-81.
37. MSSA 114.
38. SML 53.
39. SSD 182-83.
40. QKT 110.
41. QTB 127
42. MLP 68.
43. QKT 138-40.
44. QKT 216-18
45. QTB 283-87.
46. MLP 208.
47. QKT 330-32
48. QTB 645-49.
49. QKT 321.
50. SIG 70-72.
51. RQ 383-84
52. RQH 429-30
53. RQG 487-88
54. HKZ 291
55. HKR 237; HKN.
56. TAE 30-31.
57. Louis Massignon, The Passion of al-Hallamj, trans. Herbert Mason, (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1982), 1:57.
58. TAE 185.
59. John O'Kane, trans., The Secrets of God's Mystical Oneness (Costa Mesa, CA: Mazda, 1992), 76-77.
60. Luke 2:25-35.
61. SAA 109.
62. MAO 576-81.
63. O'Kane, Secrets of God's Mystical Oneness, 78-79.
64. Richard McGregor, Sanctity and Mysticism in Medieval Egypt: The Wafa Sufi Order and the Legacy of Ibn Arabi m(Albany, NY: SUNY Press, 2004), 52-53.
65. Denise Aigle, "Un fondateur d'ordre en milieu rural: Le Cheikh AbumIshamq de Kamzarumn," in SO, 186-87.
66. SML 53-54.
67. SSD 182-83.
68. SC 33....
69. MAO 581-82.
70. "The Autobiography of al-Aydarums," trans. Michael Cooperson, in Interpreting the Self: Autobiography in the Arabic Literary Tradition, ed. Dwight F. Reynolds (Berkeley: University of California Press, 2001), 208-15.
71. J.-L. Michon, ed. and trans., "L'Autobiographie (fahrasa) du soufi marocain Ahmad ibn Ajiba (1747-1809)," parts 1-4, Arabica 15 (1968): 225-69; 16 (1969): 25-64, 113-54, 225-68.
72. QKT 140-41.
73. QTB 649-52
74. MLP 208-9.
75. SIG 72-3, 79-81.
76. IMH 229-31.
77. TAE 223.
78. RQ 39-40
79. RQH 31-32
80. RQG 52-53.
81. TAE 417-18.
82. SAA 124.
83. TAE 476.
84. G. W. J. Drewes, Directions for Travelers (The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, 1977), 10.
85. Devin DeWeese, "Sacred Places and 'Public' Narratives: The Shrine of Ahmad Yasavimin Hagiographical Traditions of the YasavimSumfimOrder, 16th-17th Centuries," The Muslim World 90:3-4 (2000): 359.
86. MAO 16....
87. NUJ 459-60.
88. MAO 17.
89. O'Kane, Secrets of God's Mystical Oneness, 97-98.
90. MAO 582-85.
91. TAE 524-25
92. TAA 244-45.
93. Ruzm bihanm Baqli,m The Unveiling of Secrets: Diary of a Sufi Master, trans. Carl W. Ernst (Chapel Hill, NC: Parvardigar, 1997), 10.
94. J.-L. Michon, "L'Autobiographie,"part 2, 26-27.
95. Istvan P. Bejczy, "The Sacra Infantia in Medieval Hagiography," in The Church and Childhood, ed. Diana Wood (Oxford: Blackwell, 1994), 143-51.
96. Gerard Manley Hopkins, "The Wreck of the Deutschland," lines 77-78, in Gerard Manley Hopkins, ed. Catherine Phillips (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1995), 100.
97. TAE 222.
98. Richard McCarthy's translation of the Munqidh in Freedom and Fulfillment (Boston: Twayne, 1980), 61-143.
99. J.-L. Michon, ed. and trans., "L'Autobiographie (fahrasa) du soufi marocain Ahmad ibn Ajiba (1747-1809)," Arabica 15 (1968): 225-69
100. The Autobiography (Fahrasa) of a Moroccan Soufi: Ahmad ibn Ajiba (1747-1809), trans. David Streight (Louisville, KY: Fons Vitae, 1999).
101. Michael Cooperson, trans., "The Autobiography of al-H. akimm al-Tirmidhi,m" in Interpreting the Self: Autobiography in the Arabic Literary Tradition, ed. Dwight F. Reynolds (Berkeley: University of California Press, 2001), 119-31.
102. Dwight Reynolds, "Shaykh Abd al-Wahhamb al-Sharamni'm s Sixteenth-century Defense of Auto - biography," Harvard Middle Eastern and Islamic Review 4:1-2 (1997-98): 122-37.
103. Rumzbihamn Baqlimin The Unveiling of Secrets: Diary of a Sufi Master (Chapel Hill, NC: Parvardigar, 1997)
104. Fatm ima al-Yashrutm iym a's account of her twentieth-century life appears in Leslie Cadavid, trans. Two Who Attained (Louisville: Fons Vitae, 2005).
105. TAE 31-32.
106. HKN 97-98
107. TAE 89.
108. TAE 90-91
109. NUJ 37-38
110. John Renard, "Al-jihamd al-akbar: A Theme in Islamic Spirituality," The Muslim World 77 (1988): 225-42.
111. John O'Kane, trans., Secrets of God's Mystical Oneness (Costa Mesa, CA: Mazda, 1992), 13-14, 87-90; 133-363.
112. John Renard, trans., Ibn Abbamd of Ronda: Letters on the Sumfi mPath (Mahwah, NJ: Paulist, 1986), 101
113. Louis Massignon, The Passion of al-Hallamj, trans. Herbert Mason (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1982), 1:56-7.
114. John Renard, Islam and the Heroic Image: Themes in Literature and the Visual Arts (Columbia: University of South Carolina Press, 1993), 100-105, 140-45, 205-7, on heirlooms and symbols of prophetic/heroic/saintly lineage
115. Brannon Wheeler, Mecca and Eden: Ritual, Relics, and Territory in Islam (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2006), 10-12, 19-46.
116. Richard J. McCarthy, S.J., The Theology of Al-Ashari m(Beirut: Imprimerie Catholique, 1953), 150-55.
117. Ruzm bihanm Baqli,m The Unveiling of Secrets: Diary of a Sufi Master, trans. Carl W. Ernst (Chapel Hill, NC: Parvardigar, 1997), 19.
118. John Renard, Windows on the House of Islam (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1996), 287-90.
119. Richard McGregor, Sanctity and Mysticism in Medieval Egypt: The Wafa Sufi Order and the Legacy of Ibn Arabi m(Albany, NY: SUNY Press, 2004), 54.
120. William Shepard's translation in Renard, Windows, 350-52.
121. Leah Kinberg, "The Individual's Experience as It Applies to the Community: An Examination of Six Dream Narrations Dealing with the Islamic Understanding of Death," Al-Qantara 21 (2000): 425-44.
122. Abum Hammid al- Ghazamli The Remembrance of Death and the Afterlife, trans. T. J. Winter (Cambridge: Islamic Texts Society, 1989), 159-68.
123. Leah Kinberg, "Literal Dreams and Prophetic Haditm h in Classical Islam-A Comparison of Two Ways of Legitimization," Der Islam 70:2 (1993): 279-300
124. Leah Kinberg, "Dreams as a Means to Evaluate Hadith," Jerusalem Studies in Arabic and Islam 23 (1999): 79-99.
125. Fedwa Malti-Douglas, "Dreams, the Blind, and Semiotics," Studia Islamica 51 (1980): 137-61
126. Sara Sivri, "On Trees, Dreams and Holy Men: Notes on al-Tayyib Samlih's The Doum Tree of Wad Hamid," Edebiyamt 10:1 (1999): 103-22. On various aspects of visions: Jonathan Katz, "Visionary Experience, Autobiography, and Sainthood in North African Islam, Princeton Papers in Near Eastern Studies 1 (1992): 85-118
127. Jonathan Katz, "Visionary Experience, Autobiography, and Sainthood in North African Islam, Princeton Papers in Near Eastern Studies 1 (1992): 85-118
128. Marcia Hermansen, "The Study of Visions in Islam," Religion 27:1 (1997): 1-5
129. Marcia Hermansen, "Mystical Visions as 'Good to Think': Examples from Pre-Modern South Asian Sufi Thought," Religion 27:1 (1997): 25-43
130. Bernd Radkte, "Ibrizm iana: Themes and Sources of a Seminal Sufi Work," Sudanic Africa, A Journal of Historical Sources 7 (1996): 121-27
131. Julian Millie, "Creating Islamic Places: Tombs and Sanctity in West Java," ISIM Review 17 (Spring 2006): 12-13.
132. Ignaz Goldziher, "L'oiseau representant l'âme dans les croyances populaires des Musulmans," in Études Islamologiques d'Ignaz Goldziher, ed. and trans. G.-H. Bousquet (Leiden: Brill, 1962), 77-80.
133. Carl Ernst, trans. Teachings of Sufism (Boston: Shambhala, 1999), 186-87.
134. Irfan Omar, "Khidr in Islamic Tradition," The Muslim World 83:3-4 (1993): 279-94.
135. Brannon Wheeler, Moses in the Qur,amn and Islamic Exegesis (London: RoutledgeCurzon, 2002): 10-36 and passim.
136. Al-Ghazalm i,m Remembrance of Death, 99-100.
137. B. Flusin, "Miracle et hiérarchie," in Hagiographie, cultures, et sociétés, IVe-XIIe siècles (Paris: études augustiniennes, 1981), 305.
138. Jane I. Smith, "Concourse between the Living and the Dead in Islamic Eschatological Literature," History of Religion 19:3 (1980): 224-36
139. Leah Kinberg, "Interaction between this World and the Afterworld in Early Islamic Tradition," Oriens 29-30 (1986): 285-308
140. Marcia Hermansen, "Miracles, Language, and Power in a 19th Century Islamic Hagiographic Text," Arabica 38 (1991): 326-50
141. Brandon Wheeler, Moses in the Qur,amn and Islamic Exegesis (London: RoutledgeCurzon, 2002), 10-36.
142. John Burton, Introduction to the Hadith (Edinburgh: University of Edinburgh Press, 1994), 97-100.
143. Michael Sells, ed. Early Islamic Mysticism (New York: Paulist, 1996), 151-70
144. John Renard, Windows on the House of Islam (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1996), 132-35.
145. Christophe Picard, "Récits merveilleux et Réalité d'une Navigation en océan Atlantique chez les auteurs musulmans," in Miracles, prodiges et merveilles au Moyen Age (Paris: Publications de la Sorbonne, 1995), 75-87.
146. Marc Gaborieau, "The Cult of the Saints among Muslims of Nepal and Northern India," in Saints and their Cults, ed. S. Wilson (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1983), 303.
147. Catherine Mayeur-Jaouen, "Miracles des saints musulmans et Régne animal," in MK, 577-606.
148. John Renard, Knowledge of God in Classical Sufism (Mahwah, NJ: Paulist, 2004), 322.
149. Gülru Necipogblu, The Age of Sinan: Architectural Culture in the Ottoman Empire (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2005), 97.
150. Carl W. Ernst, "Introduction," MSI, xxii
151. Jean-Louis Michon, The Autobiography (Fahrasa) of a Moroccan Soufi: Ahmad ibn Ajiba, trans. David Streight (Louisville, KY: Fons Vitae, 1999), 127-40.
152. Giovanna Calasso, "Les sourires et les larmes: Observations en marge de quelques textes hagiographiques musulmans," Al-Qantara 21:2 (2000): 445-56. Calasso's analysis is based on a hagiographical work by eighth-/fourteenth-century North African Ibn Qunfudh
153. "La dimension religieuse individuelle dans les texts musulmans mediévaux, entre hagiographie et literature de voyage: les larmes, le émotions, l'expérience," Studia Islamica 91 (2000): 39-58
154. Halima Ferhat, "Le Saint et son corps: une lutte constante," Al-Qantara 21:2 (2000): 457-70.
155. Abum Hamm id al-Ghazalm i,m The Remembrance of Death and the Afterlife, trans. T. J. Winter (Cambridge: Islamic Texts Society, 1989), 57-74. ordinary.
156. Th. Emil Homerin, Umar ibn al-Famrid: Sufi Verse, Saintly Life (Mahwah, NJ: Paulist, 2001), 307-8.
157. Jo-Ann Gross, "Authority and Miraculous Behavior: Reflections on Karammamt Stories of Khwamja Ubaydullamh Ahramr," in The Heritage of Sufism, II: The Legacy of Medieval Persian Sufism (1150-1500), 2nd ed., ed. Leonard Lewisohn and David Morgan (Oxford: OneWorld, 1999): 159-71, for more on his ethical legacy.
158. Marc Gaborieau "The Cult of the Saints among Muslims of Nepal and Northern India," in Saints and their Cults, ed. S. Wilson (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1983), 302-3.
159. Denise Aigle, "Un fondateur d'ordre en milieu rural: Le Cheikh AbumIshamq de Kamzarumn," in SO, 198-201.
160. Allamah Tabataba,i, Shiite Islam (Albany, NY: SUNY Press, 1977), 173-214, for brief accounts of the lives of all twelve imams
161. William Chittick, A Shiite Anthology (Albany, NY: SUNY Press, 1981), for prayers attributed to several of the imams
162. Henri Chambert-Loir, "Saints and Ancestors: The Cult of Muslim Saints in Java," in PD, 132-40
163. Henri Chambert-Loir and Cl. Guillot, "Le culte des saints musulmans à Java: Rapport de mission," La Transmission du savoir dans le monde musulman périphérique 11 (1991): 9-16
164. C. Guillot and Henri Chambert-Loir, "Pèlerinage aux Neuf Saints de Java," in LI, 203-22
165. Sabrina Mervin, "Les yeux de MumsamSadr (1928-1978)," in SHMC, 285-300
166. Éric Butel, "Martyre et sainteté dans la literature du guerre Iran-Irak (1980-1988)," in SHMC, 301-18
167. Pierre Centilivres and Micheline Centilivres-Demont, "Les martyrs afghans par le texte et l'image (1978-1992)," in SHMC, 319-34
168. Hamit Bozarslan, "La figure du martyr chez les Kurdes," in SHMC, 335-47
169. S. L. Pastner, "Feuding with the Spirit among the Zikri Baluch: The Saint as Champion of the Despised," in Islam in Tribal Societies, from the Atlas to the Indus, ed. Akbar S. Ahmed and D. M. Hart (London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1984), 302-19.
170. Devin DeWeese, "Sayyid AlimHamadamnimand Kubramwim Hagiographical Traditions," in Lewisohn and Morgan, Heritage of Sufism, 121-58, especially 153-56.
171. Gross, "Authority and Miraculous Behavior," 164-66.
172. Abdallah Hammoudi, "Sainteté, pouvoir et société: Tamgrout aux XVIIe et XVIIIe siècles," Annales: ESC35 (1980): 615-39
173. Catherine Mayeur- Jaouen, Al-Sayyid al-Badawi:m un grand saint de l'islam égyptien (Cairo: Institut française d'archéologie orientale, 1994)
174. Catherine Mayeur, "L'intercession des saints en islam égyptien: autour de Sayyid al-Badawi,m" Annales Islamologiques 25 (1990): 364-88
175. M. Salim, "The Attitude of Chishti Saints Towards Political Power," Proceedings of the Pakistan Historical Conference 2 (1952): 225-29
176. Carl Ernst, "Introduction," and Halil Inalcik, "Dervish and Sultan: An Analysis of the Otman Baba Vilayetnamesi," in MSI, xxii-xxiv, 209-24.
177. Simon Digby, "Sufi Shaykh as a Source of Authority in Medieval India," in Islam et Société en Asie du Sud, ed. M. Gaborieau (Paris: L'École des Hautes Études, 1986), 57-77
178. "The Sufi Shaykh and the Sultan: A Conflict of Claims to Authority in Medieval India," Iran 28 (1990): 71-81
179. Richard M. Eaton, "The Court and the Dargah in the Seventeenth Century Deccan," Indian Economic and Social History Review 10:1 (1973): 50-63.
180. Ahmet Karamustafa, God's Unruly Friends (Salt Lake City: University of Utah Press, 1994; reprinted Oxford: Oneworld, 2006)
181. Simon Digby, "Qalandars and Related Groups," Islam in Asia, vol. 1, South Asia (Jerusalem: Magnes Press, 1984)
182. Katherine Ewing, "A Majzub and his Mother," in Embodying Charisma: Modernity, Locality and the Performance of Emotion in Sufi Cults, ed. P. Werbner and H. Basu (London: Routledge, 1998)
183. Jürgen Frembgen, "From Dervish to Saint: Constructing Charisma in Contemporary Pakistani Sufism," The Muslim World 94 (2004): 245-57.
184. Gavin R. G. Hambly, "Becoming Visible: Medieval Islamic Women in Historiography and History," in Women in the Medieval Islamic World: Power, Patronage, and Piety, ed. G. Hambly (New York: St. Martin's, 1998), 3-28.
185. Rkia Cornell, trans., Early Sufi Women (Louisville, KY: Fons Vitae, 1999), 46-47.
186. Camille Helminski, Women of Sufism: A Hidden Treasure (Boston: Shambhala, 2003)
187. Javad Nurbakhsh, Sufi Women (London: Khaniqahi Nimatullahi, 2004)
188. Carl Ernst, trans., Teachings of Sufism (Boston: Shambhala, 1999), 179-99
189. Margaret Smith, Rabia (Oxford: Oneworld, 1994).
190. Yousuf Ragib, "Al-Sayyida Nafism a, sa légende, son culte et son cimetière," Studia Islamica 44 (1976): 61-86
191. Ghassan Ascha, "The 'Mothers of the Believers': Stereotypes of the Prophet Muhammad's Wives," in Female Stereotypes in Religions Traditions, ed. Ria Kloppenborg and Wouter J. Hanegraaff (Leiden: Brill, 1995), 89-107
192. David Pinault, "Zaynab Bint Ali and the Place of the Women of the Households of the First Imams in Shiite Devotional Literature," in Hambly, ed., Women in the Medieval Islamic World, 69-98.
193. Jean-Louis Michon, The Autobiography (Fahramsa) of a Moroccan Soufi: Ahmad ibn Ajiba, trans. David Streight (Louisville, KY: Fons Vitae, 1999), 42-45.
194. Katia Boissevain, "Sayyida Manoubiyya de Tunis: sainte musulmane du XIIIe siècle et sainte contemporaine?" in SHMC, 247-65.
195. Katia Boissevain-Souid, "Saïda Manubm iym a: son culte aujourd'hui, quelles specificités?" Revue de l'Institut des Belles Lettres Arabes (IBLA) 186:2 (2000): 137-64
196. "Pureté rituelle et différenciation sociale dans le culte de Saïda Manoubiya," Correspondences: Bulletin d'information scientifique de l'IRMC 69 (2002): 3-10.
197. Michel Chodkiewicz, "Female Sainthood in Islam," Sufi 21 (1994): 12-19
198. "La sainteté feminine dans l'hagiographie islamique," in SO, 99-115
199. D. A. Spellberg, "Writing the Unwritten Life of the Islamic Eve: Menstruation and the Demonization of Motherhood," IJMES 28 (1996): 305-24
200. Nelly Amri, "Les Samlihamt du Ve au IXe siècle/XIe-XVe siècle dans la mémoire maghrébine de la sainteté à travers quatre documents hagiographiques," Al-Qantara 21:2 (2000): 481-510
201. M. L. Avila, "Women in Andalusi Biographical Sources," in Writing the Feminine: Women in Arab Sources, ed. M. Marin and R. Deguilhem (New York: I. B. Tauris, 2002)
202. Sevilla: Editoriales Andaluzas Unidas, 1989)
203. E. Lapiedra, "Mujeres místicas musulmanas transmisoras de su ciencia en al-Andalus," in Las sabias mujeres: educación, saber y autoría (siglos III-XVII), ed. M. Graña Cid (Madrid: Asociación Cultural Al-Mudayna, 1994)
204. G. Lopez de la Plaza, Al-Andalus: mujeres, sociedad y religion (Malaga: Universidad de Málaga, 1992)
205. Manuela Marín, "Retiro y ayuno: algunas practicas religiosas de las mujeres andalusíes," Al-Qantara 21 (2000): 471-80
206. Manuela Marín, Mujeres en al-Andalus, (Madrid: Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 2000- Estudios Onomástico-Biográficos de al-Andalus, vol. 11)
207. Imed Melliti, "Espace liturgique et formes de l'autorité chez les femmes tijm anm iym a de Tunis," in ASK, 133-50
208. Fenneke Reysoo, "Sainteté vécu et contre-modèle religieux des femmes au Maroc," in ASK, 151-62.
209. Thierry Zarcone, "La Femme en Asie centrale et les 'regions' du pouvoir (islam et soufism populaire, culte des saints, chamanisme musul- man)," in Rôle et Statuts des femmes dans les sociétés contemporaines de tradition musulmane (Paris: Centre des Hautes Études pour l'Asie Moderne, 2000), 157-65.
210. Netty Bonouvrié, "Female Sufi Saints on the Indian Subcontinent," in Kloppenborg and Hanegraaff, Female Stereotypes, 109-22.
211. Mohammad Kerrou, "Sainteté, savoir, et autorité dans la cité islamique de Kairouan," in ASK, 219-38
212. "Autorité et Sainteté: perspectives historiques et socio-anthropologiques," in ASK, 11-38
213. John Renard, Knowledge of God in Classical Sufism (Mahwah, NJ: Paulist, 2004), 65-99, 264-73, 332-74.
214. Jo-Ann Gross, trans., "A Central Asian Waqf of NaqshbandimMaster Khwamja Ahramr," in John Renard, ed., Windows on the House of Islam (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1996), 231-35
215. David Gilmartin, "Shrines, Succession, and Sources of Moral Authority," in Moral Conduct and Authority: The Place of Adab in South Asian Islam, ed. Barbara D. Metcalf (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1984), 221-40.
216. Louis Massignon, The Passion of al-Hallamj, trans. Herbert Mason (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1982)
217. Hamid Dabashi, Truth and Narrative: The Untimely Thoughts of Ayn al-Qudat al-Hamadhani (Richmond, Surrey: Curzon, 1999)
218. Ayn al-Qudatm al-Hamadhanm i,m A Sufi Martyr: The Apologia of Ain al-Qudat al-Hamadhani, trans. A. J. Arberry (London: Allen and Unwin, 1969).
219. S. Soebardi, ed. and trans., The Book of Cabolek (The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, 1975), 35-37
220. Frederick De Jong and Bernd Radtke, eds., Islamic Mysticism Contested: Thirteen Centuries of Controversies and Polemics (Leiden: Brill, 1999)
221. Sheila Blair, "Sufi Saints and Shrine Architecture in the Early Fourteenth Century," Muqarnas 7 (1990): 35-49
222. Lisa Golombek, "The Cult of Saints and Shrine Architecture in the Fourteenth Century," in Near Eastern Numismatics, Iconography, Epigraphy, and History, ed. D. Kouymjian (Beirut: American University of Beirut Press, 1974)
223. Catherine Mayeur-Jaouen, "Tombeaux, Mosquées et Zamwiya: la polarité des lieux saints musulmans," in Lieux sacrés, lieux de culte, sanctuaires: approches terminologiques, méthodologiques, historiques et monographiques, ed. André Vauchez (Rome: Ecole française de Rome, 2000): 133-47
224. J. M. S. Baljon, "Shah Waliullah and the Dargah," in MSIT, 189-97
225. Mumtaz Currim and George Michell, Dargahs: Abodes of the Saints, photos by Karoki Lewis (Mumbai: Marg, 2004)
226. Subhash Parihar, "The Dargamh of Bambam Hamji mRatan at Bhatinda," Islamic Studies 40:1 (2001): 105-32
227. Regula Burckhardt Qureshi, "Sama in the Royal Court of Saints: The Chishtiya of South Asia," in MSI, 111-128
228. A. R. Saiyed, "Saints and Dargahs in the Indian Subcontinent: A Review," in MSIT, 240-56
229. Iqtidar Husain Siddiqui, "The Early Chishti Dargahs," in MSIT, 1-23.
230. For general treatments of communal foundations, see Denis Gril, "Le saint fondateur," in Les Voies d'Allah: Les ordres mystiques en Islam, ed. A. Popovic and G. Veinstein (Paris: Fayard, 1996)
231. S. Babs Mala, "The Sufi Convent and Its Social Significance in the Medieval Period of Islam," Islamic Culture 51 (1977): 31-52.
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375. James J. Fox, "Ziarah Visits to the Tombs of the Wali, the Founders of Islam on Java," in Islam in the Indonesian Social Context, ed. M. C. Ricklefs (Clayton, Australia: Centre of Southeast Asian Studies, Monash University, 1991), 20-38
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380. Michael Feener, "Shaykh Yusuf and the Appreciation of Muslim Saints in Modern Indonesia," Journal of Islamic Studies 18-19 (1998-99): 112-31.
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406. Ibrahim Hafsi, "Recherches sur le genre 'Tabaqamt' dans la littérature Arabe," Arabica 23:3 (1976): 227-65 and 24:1 (1977): 1-41.
407. Marcia Hermansen, "Religious Literature and the Inscription of Identity: The Sufi Tazkira Tradition in Muslim South Asia," The Muslim World 87:3-4 (1997): 315-29
408. Marcia Hermansen and Bruce Lawrence, "Indo-Persian Tazkiras as Memorative Communications," in Beyond Turk and Hindu: Rethinking Religious Identities in Islamicate South Asia, ed. David Gilmartin and Bruce B. Lawrence (Gainesville: University of Florida Press, 2000), 149-75.
409. Denise Aigle, "Sainteté et miracles en islam médiévale: l'exemple de deux saints fondateurs iraniens," in Miracles, prodiges et merveilles au Moyen Âge (Paris: Sorbonne, 1995), 47-73
410. Thierry Zarcone, "L'hagiographie dans le monde turc," in SO, 55-67
411. Michel Chodkiewicz, "Le sainteté feminine dans l'hagiographie islamique" (99-115)
412. D. Gril, "Le miracle en islam, critère de la sainteté?" (77-80), both in SO, to compare the two lives of Shadm hili.m 16. Bruce Lawrence, Notes from a Distant Flute (Tehran: Imperial Iranian Academy of Philosophy, 1978), 27-28.
413. Syed Hasan Askari, "Tazkirai Murshidm i,m a rare Malfuz of the Fifteenth Century Sufi Saint of Gulbarga," Indian Historical Congress Proceedings 15 (1952): 179-89
414. Khaliq Ahmad Nizami, "Historical Significance of Malfuz Literature of Medieval India," in his On History and Historians of Medieval India (Delhi: Munshiram Manoharlal, 1983)
415. Bruce B. Lawrence, "Biography in the 17th century Qadm iriym a of North India," in Islam and Indian Regions, vol. 1, ed. A. L. Dallapiccola and S. Zingel-Ave Lallamant (Stuttgart: Franz Steiner, 1993), 399-415
416. Paul Jackson, trans., Khwanm -i pur nimat: A Table Laden with Good Things (Delhi: Idarah-i Adabiyat-i Delli, 1986).
417. Signs of the Unseen: The Discourses of Jalaluddin Rumi, intro. and trans. W. M. Thackston, Jr. (Putney, VT: Threshold, 1994).
418. Tirmidhi,m The Concept of Sainthood in Early Islamic Mysticism: Two Works by al-Hakimm al-Tirmidhi,m trans. Bernd Radtke and John O'Kane (London: Curzon, 1996).
419. Cemal Kafadar, "Self and Others: The Diary of a Dervish in Seventeenth Century Istanbul and First-Person Narratives in Ottoman Literature," Studia Islamica 69 (1989): 121-50
420. Louis Pouzet, "Remarques sur l'autobiographie dans le monde arabo-musulman au Moyen-Âge," in Philosophy and the Arts in the Islamic World, ed. U. Vermeulen and D. de Smet (Leuven: Peeters, 1998), 91-107.
421. Jean-Louis Michon, The Autobiography (Fahrasa) of a Moroccan Sufi: Ahmad ibn Ajiba, trans. David Streight (Louisville, KY: Fons Vitae, 1999).
422. Jonathan Katz, "Visionary Experience, Autobiography, and Sainthood in North African Islam, Princeton Papers in Near Eastern Studies 1 (1992): 85-118.
423. Leili Anvar-Chenderoff, "La genre hagiographique à travers la tadhkirat al-awliya,m de Faridm al-dinm Attarm ," in SO, 39-53; my translation from 39.
424. Heshmat Moayyad and Franklin Lewis, trans., The Colossal Elephant and His Spiritual Feats: Shaykh Ahmad-e Jam: The Life and Legend of a Popular Sufi Saint of 12th Century Iran (Costa Mesa, CA: Mazda, 2004), citing 69-70.
425. S. Soebardi, ed. and trans., The Book of Cabolek (The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, 1975), 73.
426. Franz Rosenthal, A History of Muslim Historiography (Leiden: Brill, 1952), 216.
427. Zeren Tanindi, Siyer-i Nebi (Istanbul: Hurriyet Foundation, 1974), 10.
428. Abum 'l-Hasan ad-Daylami,m Sirm at-i Abum Abdallahm ibn Khafifm ash-Shirm azm i,m ed. Annemarie Schimmel (Ankara: Turk Tarih Kurumu Basimevi, 1955), 36
429. A. Schimmel, "Ibn Khafifm: An Early Representative of Sufism," Journal of the Pakistan Historical Society 6 (1958): 147-73
430. A. Schimmel, "Zur Biographie des Abu Abdallah ibn Chafif ash-Shirazi," Welt des Orients 2:1 (1955): 193-99.
431. Mahmudm ibn Uthmanm , Firdaws al-murshidm iym a fi masrarm as-samadiym a, ed. Fritz Meier (Leipzig: F. A. Brockhaus, 1948)
432. Fritz Meier, Die Vita des Abu Ishaq al-Kazaruni (Leipzig: F. A. Brockhaus, 1948)
433. A. J. Arberry, "The Biography of Shaikh Abu Ishaq al-Kazaruni," Oriens 3 (1950): 163-72.
434. Muhammad ibn-i Munawwar, Asramr at-tawhidm , trans. John O'Kane (Costa Mesa, CA: Mazda, 1992), 63.
435. A. G. Ravan Farhadi, Abdullah Ansari of Herat: An Early Sufi Master (Surrey, England: Curzon, 1996), 45-47, on the benefits of stories of Friends for beginners in the spiritual life.
436. Frederick M. Denny, "God's Friends': The Sanctity of Persons in Islam," in Sainthood: Its Manifestations in World Religions, ed. Richard Kieckhefer and George D. Bond (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1988), 69-95.
437. Éric Geoffroy, "Hagiographie et typologie spirituelle," in SO, 89
438. André Vauchez, "Saints admirables et saints imitables," in SO, 161-72.
439. M. Winter, Society and Religion in Early Ottoman Egypt: Studies in the Writings of Abd al-Wahhamb al- Sharamni m(New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Books, 1982)
440. J. C. Garcin, "Index des Tabaqamt de Sharamni m," Annales Islamologiques 6 (1966): 31-94.
441. Riazul Islam, "Towards a Methodology of Sufic Studies: Case Study of Anecdotes," in his Sufism in South Asia (Delhi: Oxford University Press, 2002), 1-67.
442. Donald Little, "Narrative Themes and Devices in al- Waqm idi'ms Kitabm al-maghazm i,m" in Reason and Inspiration in Islam, ed. Todd Lawson (London: I. B. Tauris, 2005), 34-45, for further study of similar issues.
443. Devin DeWeese, "The Politics of Sacred Lineages in 19th Century Central Asia: Descent Groups linked to Khwaja Ahmad Yasavimin Shrine Documents and Genealogical Charters," IJMES 31:4 (1999): 507-30
444. Bradford G. Martin, "Shaykh Uways bin Muhammad al- Barawi: A Traditional Somali Sufi," in MSI, 225-38
445. Julia A. Clancy-Smith, "The Man with Two Tombs: Muhammad ibn Abd al-Rahman: Founder of the Algerian Rahmaniyya, ca. 1715-1798," in MSI, 147-70
446. David B. Edwards, "The Political Lives of Afghan Saints: The Case of the Kabul Hazrats," in MSI, 171-92.
447. Jürgen Paul, "Au début du genre hagiographique dans le Khorassan," in SO, 15-38, citing 21
448. "Hagiographische Texte als historische Quelle," Saeculum 41 (1990): 17-43.
449. Geoffroy, "Hagiographie et typologie spirituelle," especially 84-86.
450. DeWeese, "Sayyid Alim Hamadamnim and Kubramwim Hagiographical Traditions," in The Heritage of Sufism, II: The Legacy of Medieval Persian Sufism (1150-1500), 2nd ed., ed. Leonard Lewisohn and David Morgan (Oxford: Oneworld, 1999), especially 149-53, quote from 149-50
451. Jamal Elias, "A Second Ali:m The Making of Sayyid AlimHamadanm im in the Popular Imagination," The Muslim World 90:3-4 (2000): 395-420.
452. DeWeese, "Sayyid AlimHamadanm i,m" 150.
453. Billy Collins, Sailing Alone around the Room: New and Selected Poems (New York: Random House, 2002), 16.
454. Nimrod Hurvitz, "Biographies and Mild Asceticism: A Study of the Islamic Moral Imagination," Studia Islamica 85:1 (1997): 41-65.
455. Eric Geoffroy, "Hagiographie et typologie spirituelle," in SO, 90-98.
456. Hermann Landolt, "Walamyah," Encyclopedia of Religion (New York: Macmillan, 1987), 15:316-19.
457. Richard McGregor, Sanctity and Mysticism in Medieval Egypt: The Wafa Sufi Order and the Legacy of Ibn Arabi m(Albany, NY: SUNY Press, 2004).
458. Ahmet Karamustafa, "Walamyah according to al-Junayd (d. 910)" in Reason and Inspiration in Islam, ed. Todd Lawson (London: I. B. Tauris, 2005), 64-70.
459. Summarized from Michel Chodkiewicz, Seal of the Saints: Prophethood and Sainthood in the Doctrine of Ibn Arabi,m trans. Liadain Sherrard (Cambridge: Islamic Texts Society, 1993)
460. Stephen Hirtenstein, "Universal and Divine Sainthood: The Meanings and Completion of God's Friendship," Journal of the Muhyiddin Ibn Arabi Society 4 (1985): 7-23
461. Carl Ernst, Ruzbihan Baqli: Mystical Experience and the Rhetoric of Sainthood in Persian Sufism (Surrey: Curzon, 1996).
462. Summarized from Lloyd Ridgeon, Azizm Nasafi m (Surrey, England: Curzon, 1998), 178-99
463. Richard J. A. McGregor, "The Concept of Sainthood According to Ibn Bamkhilam, a ShamdhilimShaykh of the 8th/14th Century," in SM, 33-50
464. McGregor's "A Medieval Saint on Sainthood," Studia Islamica 95 (2002): 95-108.
465. Denise Aigle's general overview in "Sainteté et miracles en islam médiévale: l'exemple de deux saints fondateurs iraniens," in Miracles, prodiges et merveilles au Moyen Âge (Paris: Sorbonne, 1995), 47-73.
466. Mohammed Ali Amir-Moezzi, The Divine Guide in Early Shiism: The Sources of Esotericism in Islam (Albany, NY: SUNY Press, 1994), 16-17, 91-97.
467. Renard, Knowledge of God in Classical Sufism (Mahwah, NJ: Paulist, 2004), 322-26.
468. Richard J. McCarthy, S.J., "Al-Baqm illanm i:m Muslim Polemist and Theologian" (PhD dissertation, Oxford University, 1951), vol. 1, 155-64
469. McCarthy, The Theology of Al-Ashari (Beirut: Imprimerie Catholique, 1953), 45-52
470. G. Vajda, "La Problème de la vision de dieu (ru,ya) d'après quelques auteurs šîites duodécimains," in Le Shîisme imâmite (Colloque de Strasbourg, 6-9 May 1968; Paris: n.p., 1970), 31-54.
471. Abum Hamm id al-Ghazalm i,m The Remembrance of Death and the Afterlife., trans. T. J. Winter (Cambridge: Islamic Texts Society, 1989), 113, 210-16.
472. McCarthy, "Al-Baqm illanm i:m Muslim Polemist and Theologian," vol. 1, 150-55
473. Catherine Mayeur, "L'intercession des saints en islam égyptien: autour de Sayyid al-Badawi,m" Annales Islamologiques 25 (1990),364-88.
474. Abdulaziz Sachedina, Islamic Messianism: The Idea of the Mahdi in Twelver Shiism (Albany, NY: SUNY Press, 1981), 106, 135-38
475. Wilferd Madelung, "Isma," in EI2, 4:182-84, sums up a wide spectrum of views on the degree of protection and on whether the conferral of divine protection occurred before or only after prophetic mission.
476. Ghazalm i,m Remembrance of Death, 111-20, quoting 118.
477. Summarized from M. Memon, Ibn Taymiyya's Struggle against Popular Religion (Paris: Mouton, 1976), especially 259-307
478. Niels Henrik Olesen, Culte des saints et pélerinages chez Ibn Taymiyya, 661/1263-728/1328 (Paris: P. Geuthner, 1991).
479. Ibn Taymiym a, Al-Furqanm bayna awliya,m ar-rahmanm wa awliya,m ash-shaytanm , ed. Ahmad Hamdim (Jidda: Darm al-Madani,m 1372/1952).