메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 58, Issue 1, 2010, Pages 32-53

Countervailing power in wholesale pharmaceuticals

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords


EID: 77950847436     PISSN: 00221821     EISSN: 14676451     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-6451.2010.00408.x     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (74)

References (77)
  • 1
    • 0021040265 scopus 로고
    • Competition between Non-Profit and For-Profit Health Insurers
    • Adamache K W, Sloan F A. Competition between Non-Profit and For-Profit Health Insurers. Journal of Health Economics 1983, 2:225-243. pp
    • (1983) Journal of Health Economics , vol.2 , pp. 225-243
    • Adamache, K.W.1    Sloan, F.A.2
  • 2
    • 33646800215 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Horizontal Merger: Pivotal Buyers and Bargaining Power
    • Adilov N, Alexander P J. Horizontal Merger: Pivotal Buyers and Bargaining Power. Economics Letters 2006, 91:307-311. pp
    • (2006) Economics Letters , vol.91 , pp. 307-311
    • Adilov, N.1    Alexander, P.J.2
  • 4
    • 36248952256 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Causes and Consequences of Wal-Mart's Growth
    • Basker E. The Causes and Consequences of Wal-Mart's Growth. Journal of Economic Perspectives 2007, 21:177-198.
    • (2007) Journal of Economic Perspectives , vol.21 , pp. 177-198
    • Basker, E.1
  • 5
    • 0000642904 scopus 로고
    • Environment, Market Share and Market Power
    • Boulding W, Staelin R. Environment, Market Share and Market Power. Management Science 1990, 36:1160-1177. pp
    • (1990) Management Science , vol.36 , pp. 1160-1177
    • Boulding, W.1    Staelin, R.2
  • 6
    • 0010200277 scopus 로고
    • Buyer Concentration: A Forgotten Element in Market Structure Models
    • Brooks D R. Buyer Concentration: A Forgotten Element in Market Structure Models. Industrial Organization Review 1973, 1:151-163. pp
    • (1973) Industrial Organization Review , vol.1 , pp. 151-163
    • Brooks, D.R.1
  • 7
    • 0030814647 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hospital-Insurer Bargaining: An Empirical Investigation of Appendectomy Pricing
    • Brooks J M, Dor A, Wong H S. Hospital-Insurer Bargaining: An Empirical Investigation of Appendectomy Pricing. Journal of Health Economics 1997, 16:417-434. pp
    • (1997) Journal of Health Economics , vol.16 , pp. 417-434
    • Brooks, J.M.1    Dor, A.2    Wong, H.S.3
  • 10
    • 1442335332 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dominant Retailers and the Countervailing-Power Hypothesis
    • Chen Z. Dominant Retailers and the Countervailing-Power Hypothesis. Rand Journal of Economics 2003, 34:612-625. pp
    • (2003) Rand Journal of Economics , vol.34 , pp. 612-625
    • Chen, Z.1
  • 11
    • 84988112561 scopus 로고
    • Horizontal Integration for Bargaining Power: Evidence from the Cable Television Industry
    • Chipty T. Horizontal Integration for Bargaining Power: Evidence from the Cable Television Industry. Journal of Economics and Management Strategy 1995, 4:375-397. pp
    • (1995) Journal of Economics and Management Strategy , vol.4 , pp. 375-397
    • Chipty, T.1
  • 12
    • 0033417153 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Role of Firm Size in Bilateral Bargaining: A Study of the Cable Television Industry
    • Chipty T, Snyder C M. The Role of Firm Size in Bilateral Bargaining: A Study of the Cable Television Industry. Review of Economics and Statistics 1999, 81:326-340. pp
    • (1999) Review of Economics and Statistics , vol.81 , pp. 326-340
    • Chipty, T.1    Snyder, C.M.2
  • 13
    • 0010102834 scopus 로고
    • Vertical Organization: A Neglected Element in Market Structure-Performance Models
    • Clevenger T C, Campbell G R. Vertical Organization: A Neglected Element in Market Structure-Performance Models. Industrial Organization Review 1977, 5:60-66. pp
    • (1977) Industrial Organization Review , vol.5 , pp. 60-66
    • Clevenger, T.C.1    Campbell, G.R.2
  • 14
    • 77950824505 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Competition Commission, 'Supplier Pricing Analysis,' Appendix 5.3 in (Competition Commission, London), available on
    • 2008, http://www.competition-commission.org.uk/rep_pub/reports/2008/538grocery.htm, Competition Commission, 'Supplier Pricing Analysis,' Appendix 5.3 in (Competition Commission, London), available on
    • (2008)
  • 16
    • 77950836514 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 'Buyer Groups as Strategic Commitments,' Kellogg School of Business working paper, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, U.S.A
    • Dana J. 2004, 'Buyer Groups as Strategic Commitments,' Kellogg School of Business working paper, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, U.S.A
    • (2004)
    • Dana, J.1
  • 17
    • 77950839080 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 'Quantity Discounts from Risk Averse Sellers,' U. S. Federal Trade Commission Working Paper no. 276
    • DeGraba P. 2005, 'Quantity Discounts from Risk Averse Sellers,' U. S. Federal Trade Commission Working Paper no. 276
    • (2005)
    • DeGraba, P.1
  • 18
    • 0001190807 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Countervailing Power and Consumer Prices
    • Dobson P, Waterson M. Countervailing Power and Consumer Prices. Economic Journal 1997, 107:418-430. pp
    • (1997) Economic Journal , vol.107 , pp. 418-430
    • Dobson, P.1    Waterson, M.2
  • 19
    • 84929064065 scopus 로고
    • Medicaid Drug Formulary Restrictions
    • Dranove D. Medicaid Drug Formulary Restrictions. Journal of Law and Economics 1989, 32:143-162. pp
    • (1989) Journal of Law and Economics , vol.32 , pp. 143-162
    • Dranove, D.1
  • 20
    • 0022255737 scopus 로고
    • Do State Rate Setting Regulations Really Lower Hospital Expenses?
    • Dranove D, Cone K. Do State Rate Setting Regulations Really Lower Hospital Expenses? Journal of Health Economics 1985, 4:159-165. pp
    • (1985) Journal of Health Economics , vol.4 , pp. 159-165
    • Dranove, D.1    Cone, K.2
  • 22
    • 77950836328 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 'Buyer Concentration as a Source of Countervailing Power: Evidence from Experimental Posted-Offer Markets,' Working paper, Ben-Gurion University
    • Engle-Warnick J, Ruffle B J. 2005, 'Buyer Concentration as a Source of Countervailing Power: Evidence from Experimental Posted-Offer Markets,' Working paper, Ben-Gurion University
    • (2005)
    • Engle-Warnick, J.1    Ruffle, B.J.2
  • 23
    • 29244448040 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Buying Power and Strategic Interactions
    • Erutku C. Buying Power and Strategic Interactions. Canadian Journal of Economics 2005, 38:1160-1172. pp
    • (2005) Canadian Journal of Economics , vol.38 , pp. 1160-1172
    • Erutku, C.1
  • 24
    • 7744242848 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sources of Gains in Horizontal Mergers: Evidence from Customer, Supplier, and Rival Firms
    • Fee C E, Thomas S. Sources of Gains in Horizontal Mergers: Evidence from Customer, Supplier, and Rival Firms. Journal of Financial Economics 2004, 74:423-460. pp
    • (2004) Journal of Financial Economics , vol.74 , pp. 423-460
    • Fee, C.E.1    Thomas, S.2
  • 25
    • 0010497624 scopus 로고
    • The Relation between the Blue Cross Market Share and the Blue Cross " Discount" on Hospital Charges
    • Feldman R, Greenberg W. The Relation between the Blue Cross Market Share and the Blue Cross " Discount" on Hospital Charges. Journal of Risk and Insurance 1981, 48:235-246. pp
    • (1981) Journal of Risk and Insurance , vol.48 , pp. 235-246
    • Feldman, R.1    Greenberg, W.2
  • 27
    • 33644908793 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On the Profitability of Media Mergers
    • Gal-Or E, Dukes A. On the Profitability of Media Mergers. Journal of Business 2006, 79:489-525. pp
    • (2006) Journal of Business , vol.79 , pp. 489-525
    • Gal-Or, E.1    Dukes, A.2
  • 29
    • 77950854773 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 'Six States Discuss Pool to Curb High Drug Prices,March 20
    • Gold R. 2001, 'Six States Discuss Pool to Curb High Drug Prices,March 20, p. A3
    • (2001) , pp. 3
    • Gold, R.1
  • 30
    • 77950795343 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 'Maine Enacts a Law Aimed at Controlling Cost of Drugs,May 12,
    • Goldberg C. 2000, 'Maine Enacts a Law Aimed at Controlling Cost of Drugs,May 12, p. A30
    • (2000) , pp. 30
    • Goldberg, C.1
  • 31
    • 0024253722 scopus 로고
    • Medicaid Patients' Access to New Drugs
    • Grabowski H. Medicaid Patients' Access to New Drugs. Health Affairs 1988, 7:102-114. pp
    • (1988) Health Affairs , vol.7 , pp. 102-114
    • Grabowski, H.1
  • 32
    • 0027018969 scopus 로고
    • The Effect of Medicaid Formularies on the Availability of New Drugs
    • Grabowski H, Schweitzer S, Shiota S R. The Effect of Medicaid Formularies on the Availability of New Drugs. Pharmaco Economics 1992, 1:32-40. pp
    • (1992) Pharmaco Economics , vol.1 , pp. 32-40
    • Grabowski, H.1    Schweitzer, S.2    Shiota, S.R.3
  • 33
    • 77950830118 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Guardian, 'Wal-Mart Stakes Its Claim: The Consumer Will Be the Last to Complain,' July 25,
    • 2000, The Guardian, 'Wal-Mart Stakes Its Claim: The Consumer Will Be the Last to Complain,' July 25, p. 21
    • (2000) , pp. 21
  • 34
    • 77950813889 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 'Court Ruling Could Cut Prices for Beer, Wine,May 11
    • Hallinan J T. 2006, 'Court Ruling Could Cut Prices for Beer, Wine,May 11, p. B1
    • (2006) , pp. 1
    • Hallinan, J.T.1
  • 35
    • 0032014122 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Importance of the Physician in the Generic Versus Trade-Name Prescription Decision
    • Hellerstein J K. The Importance of the Physician in the Generic Versus Trade-Name Prescription Decision. Rand Journal of Economics 1998, 29:108-136. pp
    • (1998) Rand Journal of Economics , vol.29 , pp. 108-136
    • Hellerstein, J.K.1
  • 36
    • 0001313117 scopus 로고
    • Bilateral Monopolies and Incentives for Merger
    • Horn H, Wolinsky A. Bilateral Monopolies and Incentives for Merger. Rand Journal of Economics 1988a, 19:408-419. pp
    • (1988) Rand Journal of Economics , vol.19 , pp. 408-419
    • Horn, H.1    Wolinsky, A.2
  • 37
    • 84936526674 scopus 로고
    • Worker Substitutability and Patterns of Unionisation
    • Horn H, Wolinsky A. Worker Substitutability and Patterns of Unionisation. Economic Journal 1988b, 98:484-497. pp
    • (1988) Economic Journal , vol.98 , pp. 484-497
    • Horn, H.1    Wolinsky, A.2
  • 38
    • 33846364298 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Retail Mergers, Buyer Power and Product Variety
    • Inderst R, Shaffer G. Retail Mergers, Buyer Power and Product Variety. Economic Journal 2007, 117:45-67. pp
    • (2007) Economic Journal , vol.117 , pp. 45-67
    • Inderst, R.1    Shaffer, G.2
  • 39
    • 0037362271 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bargaining, Mergers and Technology Choice in Bilaterally Oligopolistic Industries
    • Inderst R, Wey C. Bargaining, Mergers and Technology Choice in Bilaterally Oligopolistic Industries. Rand Journal of Economics 2003, 34:1-19. pp
    • (2003) Rand Journal of Economics , vol.34 , pp. 1-19
    • Inderst, R.1    Wey, C.2
  • 40
    • 33947134935 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Buyer Power and Supplier Incentives
    • Inderst R, Wey C. Buyer Power and Supplier Incentives. European Economic Review 2007, 51:647-667. pp
    • (2007) European Economic Review , vol.51 , pp. 647-667
    • Inderst, R.1    Wey, C.2
  • 41
    • 77950834100 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 'Game Theories,October 18
    • Ingrassia P. 2006, 'Game Theories,October 18, p. A20
    • (2006) , pp. 20
    • Ingrassia, P.1
  • 42
    • 0000032228 scopus 로고
    • The Welfare Effects of Third Degree Price Discrimination in Intermediate Goods Markets
    • Katz M L. The Welfare Effects of Third Degree Price Discrimination in Intermediate Goods Markets. American Economic Review 1987, 77:154-167. pp
    • (1987) American Economic Review , vol.77 , pp. 154-167
    • Katz, M.L.1
  • 43
    • 0004573845 scopus 로고
    • The Impact of Buyer Concentration-An Extension
    • LaFrance V. The Impact of Buyer Concentration-An Extension. Review of Economics and Statistics 1979, 61:475-476. pp
    • (1979) Review of Economics and Statistics , vol.61 , pp. 475-476
    • LaFrance, V.1
  • 45
    • 0002413794 scopus 로고
    • A Guide to the Pitfalls of Identifying Price Discrimination
    • Lott J R, Roberts R D. A Guide to the Pitfalls of Identifying Price Discrimination. Economic Inquiry 1991, 29:14-23. pp
    • (1991) Economic Inquiry , vol.29 , pp. 14-23
    • Lott, J.R.1    Roberts, R.D.2
  • 46
    • 0000617665 scopus 로고
    • The Impact of Buyer Concentration in Manufacturing Industries
    • Lustgarten S H. The Impact of Buyer Concentration in Manufacturing Industries. Review of Economics and Statistics 1975, 57:125-132. pp
    • (1975) Review of Economics and Statistics , vol.57 , pp. 125-132
    • Lustgarten, S.H.1
  • 47
    • 77950832429 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 'Bargaining for Drugs', , March 15
    • Mandel J. 2007, 'Bargaining for Drugs', , March 15, pp. 24-25
    • (2007) , pp. 24-25
    • Mandel, J.1
  • 49
    • 77950820768 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 'Group Purchasing, Nonlinear Tariffs, and Oligopoly,' Ohio State University Working Paper
    • Marvel H P, Yang H. 2006, 'Group Purchasing, Nonlinear Tariffs, and Oligopoly,' Ohio State University Working Paper
    • (2006)
    • Marvel, H.P.1    Yang, H.2
  • 50
    • 0010103279 scopus 로고
    • Interactions Between Buyer and Seller Concentration and Industry Price-Cost Margins
    • McGuckin R, Chen H. Interactions Between Buyer and Seller Concentration and Industry Price-Cost Margins. Industrial Organization Review 1976, 4:123-132. pp
    • (1976) Industrial Organization Review , vol.4 , pp. 123-132
    • McGuckin, R.1    Chen, H.2
  • 51
    • 0010134821 scopus 로고
    • Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts, U.S.A.
    • McKie J W. Tin Cans and Tin Plate 1959, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts, U.S.A.
    • (1959) Tin Cans and Tin Plate
    • McKie, J.W.1
  • 53
    • 0001912315 scopus 로고
    • Drug Formulary Restrictions as a Cost-Containment Policy in Medicaid Programs
    • Moore W, Newman R. Drug Formulary Restrictions as a Cost-Containment Policy in Medicaid Programs. Journal of Law and Economics 1993, 36:71-93. pp
    • (1993) Journal of Law and Economics , vol.36 , pp. 71-93
    • Moore, W.1    Newman, R.2
  • 54
    • 77950839079 scopus 로고
    • National Pharmaceutical Council, National Pharmaceutical Council, Washington, D.C., U.S.A.
    • Key Provisions of State Drug Product Selection Laws 1992, National Pharmaceutical Council, National Pharmaceutical Council, Washington, D.C., U.S.A.
    • (1992) Key Provisions of State Drug Product Selection Laws
  • 55
    • 41749096822 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Do Buyer-Size Discounts Depend on the Curvature of the Surplus Function? Experimental Tests of Bargaining Models
    • Normann H-T, Ruffle B, Snyder C M. Do Buyer-Size Discounts Depend on the Curvature of the Surplus Function? Experimental Tests of Bargaining Models. Rand Journal of Economics 2007, 38:747-767. pp
    • (2007) Rand Journal of Economics , vol.38 , pp. 747-767
    • Normann, H.-T.1    Ruffle, B.2    Snyder, C.M.3
  • 56
    • 0023198863 scopus 로고
    • Monopsony Power in Health Insurance: Thinking Straight While Standing on Your Head
    • Pauly M. Monopsony Power in Health Insurance: Thinking Straight While Standing on Your Head. Journal of Health Economics 1987, 6:73-81. pp
    • (1987) Journal of Health Economics , vol.6 , pp. 73-81
    • Pauly, M.1
  • 57
    • 0032432271 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Managed Care, Market Power, and Monopsony
    • Pauly M. Managed Care, Market Power, and Monopsony. Health Services Research 1998, 33:1439-1440. pp
    • (1998) Health Services Research , vol.33 , pp. 1439-1440
    • Pauly, M.1
  • 58
    • 77950807263 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 'States Creating Plans to Reduce Costs for Drugs,April
    • Pear R. 2001, 'States Creating Plans to Reduce Costs for Drugs,April 23, p. A1
    • (2001) , pp. 1
    • Pear, R.1
  • 59
    • 0000753309 scopus 로고
    • Consumer Behavior, Retailer Power and Market Performance in Consumer Goods Industries
    • Porter M. Consumer Behavior, Retailer Power and Market Performance in Consumer Goods Industries. Review of Economics and Statistics 1974, 56:419-436. pp
    • (1974) Review of Economics and Statistics , vol.56 , pp. 419-436
    • Porter, M.1
  • 60
    • 0348226429 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pivotal Buyers and Bargaining Position
    • Raskovich A. Pivotal Buyers and Bargaining Position. Journal of Industrial Economics 2003, 51:405-426. pp
    • (2003) Journal of Industrial Economics , vol.51 , pp. 405-426
    • Raskovich, A.1
  • 61
    • 0034340466 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Some Factors Affecting Demand Withholding in Posted-Offer Markets
    • Ruffle B J. Some Factors Affecting Demand Withholding in Posted-Offer Markets. Economic Theory 2000, 16:529-544. pp
    • (2000) Economic Theory , vol.16 , pp. 529-544
    • Ruffle, B.J.1
  • 62
    • 84977361109 scopus 로고
    • Buyers' Strategies, Entry Barriers and Competition
    • Scheffman D T, Spiller P T. Buyers' Strategies, Entry Barriers and Competition. Economic Inquiry 1992, 30:418-436. pp
    • (1992) Economic Inquiry , vol.30 , pp. 418-436
    • Scheffman, D.T.1    Spiller, P.T.2
  • 63
    • 84927093058 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • How U.S. Antitrust Can Go Astray: The Brand Name Prescription Drug Litigation
    • Scherer F M. How U.S. Antitrust Can Go Astray: The Brand Name Prescription Drug Litigation. International Journal of the Economics of Business 1997, 4:239-256. pp
    • (1997) International Journal of the Economics of Business , vol.4 , pp. 239-256
    • Scherer, F.M.1
  • 65
    • 0038135317 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Collusion, Exclusion, and Inclusion in Random-Order Bargaining
    • Segal I. Collusion, Exclusion, and Inclusion in Random-Order Bargaining. Review of Economics Studies 2003, 70:439-460. pp
    • (2003) Review of Economics Studies , vol.70 , pp. 439-460
    • Segal, I.1
  • 66
    • 15344341042 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Industry Structure and Horizontal Takeovers: Analysis of Wealth Effects on Rivals, Suppliers, and Corporate Customers
    • Shahrur H. Industry Structure and Horizontal Takeovers: Analysis of Wealth Effects on Rivals, Suppliers, and Corporate Customers. Journal of Financial Economics 2005, 76:61-98. pp
    • (2005) Journal of Financial Economics , vol.76 , pp. 61-98
    • Shahrur, H.1
  • 67
    • 77950789131 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 'Upstream Competition and Downstream Buyer Power,' Oxford University Working Paper
    • Smith H, Thanassoulis J. 2008, 'Upstream Competition and Downstream Buyer Power,' Oxford University Working Paper
    • (2008)
    • Smith, H.1    Thanassoulis, J.2
  • 68
    • 0030363269 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A Dynamic Theory of Countervailing Power
    • Snyder C M. A Dynamic Theory of Countervailing Power. Rand Journal of Economics 1996, 27:747-769. pp
    • (1996) Rand Journal of Economics , vol.27 , pp. 747-769
    • Snyder, C.M.1
  • 69
    • 0032220980 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Why Do Larger Buyers Pay Lower Prices? Intense Supplier Competition
    • Snyder C M. Why Do Larger Buyers Pay Lower Prices? Intense Supplier Competition. Economics Letters 1998, 58:205-209. pp
    • (1998) Economics Letters , vol.58 , pp. 205-209
    • Snyder, C.M.1
  • 70
    • 0347577793 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Insurer-Hospital Bargaining: Negotiated Discounts in Post-Deregulation Connecticut
    • Sorensen A T. Insurer-Hospital Bargaining: Negotiated Discounts in Post-Deregulation Connecticut. Journal of Industrial Economics 2003, 51:471-492. pp
    • (2003) Journal of Industrial Economics , vol.51 , pp. 471-492
    • Sorensen, A.T.1
  • 71
    • 0023190411 scopus 로고
    • Market Share and the Illusion of Power: Can Blue Cross Force Hospitals to Discount?
    • Staten M, Dunkelberg W, Umbeck J. Market Share and the Illusion of Power: Can Blue Cross Force Hospitals to Discount? Journal of Health Economics 1987, 6:43-58. pp
    • (1987) Journal of Health Economics , vol.6 , pp. 43-58
    • Staten, M.1    Dunkelberg, W.2    Umbeck, J.3
  • 72
    • 0023973568 scopus 로고
    • Market Share/Market Power Revisited: A New Test for an Old Theory
    • Staten M, Dunkelberg W, Umbeck J. Market Share/Market Power Revisited: A New Test for an Old Theory. Journal of Health Economics 1988, 7:73-83. pp
    • (1988) Journal of Health Economics , vol.7 , pp. 73-83
    • Staten, M.1    Dunkelberg, W.2    Umbeck, J.3
  • 73
    • 0029822255 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Organizational Design and Technology Choice Under Intrafirm Bargaining
    • Stole L A, Zwiebel J. Organizational Design and Technology Choice Under Intrafirm Bargaining. American Economic Review 1996, 86:195-222. pp
    • (1996) American Economic Review , vol.86 , pp. 195-222
    • Stole, L.A.1    Zwiebel, J.2
  • 74
    • 0035584727 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Why Do Suppliers Charge Larger Buyers Lower Prices?
    • Tyagi R. Why Do Suppliers Charge Larger Buyers Lower Prices? Journal of Industrial Economics 2001, 49:45-61. pp
    • (2001) Journal of Industrial Economics , vol.49 , pp. 45-61
    • Tyagi, R.1
  • 76
    • 0000095552 scopus 로고
    • A Heteroskedasticity-Consistent Covariance Matrix Estimator and a Direct Test for Heteroskedasticity
    • White H. A Heteroskedasticity-Consistent Covariance Matrix Estimator and a Direct Test for Heteroskedasticity. Econometrica 1980, 8:817-838. pp
    • (1980) Econometrica , vol.8 , pp. 817-838
    • White, H.1
  • 77
    • 77950846545 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 'Bully Buyers: How Driving Prices Lower Can Violate Antitrust Statutes; " Monopsony" Suits Mount As Companies Are Accused of Squeezing Suppliers,January
    • Wilke J R. 2004, 'Bully Buyers: How Driving Prices Lower Can Violate Antitrust Statutes; " Monopsony" Suits Mount As Companies Are Accused of Squeezing Suppliers,January 27, p. A1
    • (2004) , pp. 27
    • Wilke, J.R.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.