Update on antimicrobial chemotherapy;Quelles nouveautés en antibiothérapie?

Medecine et Maladies Infectieuses

Volumn 40, Issue 3, 2010, Pages 135-154

  Cattoir, V ^a   Daurel, C ^a  

^a UNIVERSITÉ DE CAEN   (France)

Author keywords

Antistaphylococcal antibiotics; Carbapenems; Fluoroquinolones; Glycylcyclines; Lipoglycopeptides

Indexed keywords

BETA LACTAMASE; BETA LACTAMASE INHIBITOR; CARBAPENEM DERIVATIVE; CEFTAROLINE; CEFTOBIPROLE; CEPHALOSPORIN DERIVATIVE; CETHROMYCIN; DALBAVANCIN; DAPTOMYCIN; DORIPENEM; ERTAPENEM; GARENOXACIN; ICLAPRIM; ISOPENICILLIN N; LINEZOLID; ORITAVANCIN; PLACEBO; PRULIFLOXACIN; QUINOLINE DERIVED ANTIINFECTIVE AGENT; RAMOPLANIN; SITAFLOXACIN; SULOPENEM; TEICOPLANIN; TELAVANCIN; TEMOCILLIN; TETRACYCLINE; TIGECYCLINE; TOMOPENEM; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG; UNINDEXED DRUG; VANCOMYCIN; ZEFTERA; ZEVTERA;

ABDOMINAL INFECTION; AMINOTRANSFERASE BLOOD LEVEL; ANEMIA; ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE; ANTIMICROBIAL THERAPY; BACTEREMIA; BACTERIAL ENDOCARDITIS; BACTERIAL INFECTION; BACTERIUM ISOLATION; CANDIDIASIS; CARDIOTOXICITY; CLINICAL EFFECTIVENESS; CLINICAL TRIAL; CLOSTRIDIUM DIFFICILE INFECTION; COMMUNITY ACQUIRED PNEUMONIA; CONSTIPATION; CREATINE KINASE BLOOD LEVEL; CRYSTALLURIA; DIABETIC FOOT; DIARRHEA; DRUG ABSORPTION; DRUG BLOOD LEVEL; DRUG DISTRIBUTION; DRUG EFFICACY; DRUG ERUPTION; DRUG EXCRETION; DRUG FEVER; DRUG HALF LIFE; DRUG INDICATION; DRUG INDUCED HEADACHE; DRUG MARKETING; DRUG MECHANISM; DRUG TARGETING; DRUG TOLERABILITY; DRUG URINE LEVEL; ENDOCARDITIS; ENTEROBACTERIACEAE; ENTEROCOCCUS FAECIUM; EYE INFECTION; FRANCE; GASTROINTESTINAL TOXICITY; GOUT; GRAM NEGATIVE BACTERIUM; GRAM POSITIVE BACTERIUM; GYNECOLOGIC INFECTION; HOSPITAL INFECTION; HUMAN; HYPOTENSION; INJECTION SITE PAIN; INJECTION SITE REACTION; INSOMNIA; KIDNEY FAILURE; LIVER TOXICITY; MAXIMUM PLASMA CONCENTRATION; METHICILLIN RESISTANT STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS; MULTIDRUG RESISTANCE; NAUSEA; NEPHROTOXICITY; NONHUMAN; OPTIC NEURITIS; OSTEOARTHRITIS; OSTEOMYELITIS; PENICILLIN RESISTANCE; PERIPHERAL NEUROPATHY; PHLEBITIS; PHOTOSENSITIVITY; PHOTOTOXICITY; PNEUMONIA; POSTOPERATIVE INFECTION; PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA; PYELONEPHRITIS; QT PROLONGATION; RECOMMENDED DRUG DOSE; RESPIRATORY TRACT INFECTION; REVIEW; SEIZURE; SIDE EFFECT; STREPTOCOCCUS PNEUMONIAE; THROMBOCYTOPENIA; THROMBOPHLEBITIS; THRUSH; TONGUE DISEASE; TOOTH DISCOLORATION; TORSADE DES POINTES; URINARY TRACT INFECTION; URINE COLOR; VAGINITIS; VANCOMYCIN RESISTANT ENTEROCOCCUS; VOMITING;

EID: 77950790040     PISSN: 0399077X     EISSN: 17696690     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.medmal.2009.10.009     Document Type: Review

References (106)

1. Alekshun M.N., Levy S.B. Molecular mechanisms of antibacterial multidrug resistance. Cell 2007, 128:1037-1050.
2. Wenzel R.P. The antibiotic pipeline - challenges, costs, and values. N Engl J Med 2004, 351:523-526.
3. Song J.H. What's new on the antimicrobial horizon?. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2008, 32(Suppl. 4):S207-S213.
4. Appelbaum P.C., Jacobs M.R. Recently approved and investigational antibiotics for treatment of severe infections caused by Gram-positive bacteria. Curr Opin Microbiol 2005, 8:510-517.
5. Aksoy D.Y., Unal S. New antimicrobial agents for the treatment of Gram-positive bacterial infections. Clin Microbiol Infect 2008, 14:411-420.
6. Abbanat D., Morrow B., Bush K. New agents in development for the treatment of bacterial infections. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2008, 8:582-592.
7. Hancock R.E. Mechanisms of action of newer antibiotics for Gram-positive pathogens. Lancet Infect Dis 2005, 5:209-218.
8. Livermore D.M. Linezolid in vitro: mechanism and antibacterial spectrum. J Antimicrob Chemother 2003, 51(Suppl. 2):ii9-ii16.
9. Perry C.M., Jarvis B. Linezolid: a review of its use in the management of serious Gram-positive infections. Drugs 2001, 61:525-551.
10. Jones R.N., Johnson D.M., Erwin M.E. In vitro antimicrobial activities and spectra of U-100592 and U-100766, two novel fluorinated oxazolidinones. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1996, 40:720-726.
11. Zurenko G.E., Yagi B.H., Schaadt R.D., Allison J.W., Kilburn J.O., Glickman S.E., et al. In vitro activities of U-100592 and U-100766, novel oxazolidinone antibacterial agents. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1996, 40:839-845.
12. Goldstein E.J., Citron D.M., Merriam C.V. Linezolid activity compared to those of selected macrolides and other agents against aerobic and anaerobic pathogens isolated from soft tissue bite infections in humans. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1999, 43:1469-1474.
13. Lamb H.M., Figgitt D.P., Faulds D. Quinupristin/dalfopristin: a review of its use in the management of serious Gram-positive infections. Drugs 1999, 58:1061-1097.
14. Bouanchaud D.H. In-vitro and in-vivo antibacterial activity of quinupristin/dalfopristin. J Antimicrob Chemother 1997, 39(Suppl. A):15-21.
15. Hair P.I., Keam S.J. Daptomycin: a review of its use in the management of complicated skin and soft-tissue infections and Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia. Drugs 2007, 67:1483-1512.
16. Anastasiou D.M., Thorne G.M., Luperchio S.A., Alder J.D. In vitro activity of daptomycin against clinical isolates with reduced susceptibilities to linezolid and quinupristin/dalfopristin. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2006, 28:385-388.
17. Streit J.M., Jones R.N., Sader H.S. Daptomycin activity and spectrum: a worldwide sample of 6737 clinical Gram-positive organisms. J Antimicrob Chemother 2004, 53:669-674.
18. Castanheira M., Jones R.N., Sader H.S. Update of the in vitro activity of daptomycin tested against 6710 Gram-positive cocci isolated in North America (2006). Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2008, 61:235-239.
19. King A., Phillips I. The in vitro activity of daptomycin against 514 Gram-positive aerobic clinical isolates. J Antimicrob Chemother 2001, 48:219-223.
20. Barry A.L., Fuchs P.C., Brown S.D. In vitro activities of daptomycin against 2,789 clinical isolates from 11 North American medical centers. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2001, 45:1919-1922.
21. Goldstein E.J., Citron D.M., Merriam C.V., Warren Y.A., Tyrrell K.L., Fernandez H.T. In vitro activities of daptomycin, vancomycin, quinupristin- dalfopristin, linezolid, and five other antimicrobials against 307 Gram-positive anaerobic and 31 Corynebacterium clinical isolates. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2003, 47:337-341.
22. Goldstein E.J., Citron D.M., Merriam C.V., Warren Y.A., Tyrrell K.L., Fernandez H.T., et al. Comparative in vitro activities of XRP 2868, pristinamycin, quinupristin-dalfopristin, vancomycin, daptomycin, linezolid, clarithromycin, telithromycin, clindamycin, and ampicillin against anaerobic Gram-positive species, actinomycetes, and lactobacilli. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2005, 49:408-413.
23. Decousser J.W., Bourgeois-Nicolaos N., Doucet-Populaire F. Dalbavancin, a long-acting lipoglycopeptide for the treatment of multidrug-resistant Gram-positive bacteria. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2007, 5:557-571.
24. Goldstein E.J., Citron D.M., Merriam C.V., Warren Y., Tyrrell K., Fernandez H.T. In vitro activities of dalbavancin and nine comparator agents against anaerobic Gram-positive species and corynebacteria. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2003, 47:1968-1971.
25. Goldstein E.J., Citron D.M., Warren Y.A., Tyrrell K.L., Merriam C.V., Fernandez H.T. In vitro activities of dalbavancin and 12 other agents against 329 aerobic and anaerobic Gram-positive isolates recovered from diabetic foot infections. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2006, 50:2875-2879.
26. Zhanel G.G., Trapp S., Gin A.S., DeCorby M., Lagace-Wiens P.R., Rubinstein E., et al. Dalbavancin and telavancin: novel lipoglycopeptides for the treatment of Gram-positive infections. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2008, 6:67-81.
27. Krause K.M., Renelli M., Difuntorum S., Wu T.X., Debabov D.V., Benton B.M. In vitro activity of telavancin against resistant Gram-positive bacteria. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2008, 52:2647-2652.
28. King A., Phillips I., Kaniga K. Comparative in vitro activity of telavancin (TD-6424), a rapidly bactericidal, concentration-dependent anti-infective with multiple mechanisms of action against Gram-positive bacteria. J Antimicrob Chemother 2004, 53:797-803.
29. Goldstein E.J., Citron D.M., Merriam C.V., Warren Y.A., Tyrrell K.L., Fernandez H.T. In vitro activities of the new semisynthetic glycopeptide telavancin (TD-6424), vancomycin, daptomycin, linezolid, and four comparator agents against anaerobic Gram-positive species and Corynebacterium spp. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2004, 48:2149-2152.
30. Crandon J., Nicolau D.P. Oritavancin: a potential weapon in the battle against serious Gram-positive pathogens. Future Microbiol 2008, 3:251-263.
31. Biavasco F., Vignaroli C., Lupidi R., Manso E., Facinelli B., Varaldo P.E. In vitro antibacterial activity of LY333328, a new semisynthetic glycopeptide. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1997, 41:2165-2172.
32. Noviello S., Ianniello F., Esposito S. In vitro activity of LY333328 (oritavancin) against Gram-positive aerobic cocci and synergy with ciprofloxacin against enterococci. J Antimicrob Chemother 2001, 48:283-286.
33. Citron D.M., Kwok Y.Y., Appleman M.D. In vitro activity of oritavancin (LY333328), vancomycin, clindamycin, and metronidazole against Clostridium perfringens, Propionibacterium acnes, and anaerobic Gram-positive cocci. Anaerobe 2005, 11:93-95.
34. Long K.S., Poehlsgaard J., Kehrenberg C., Schwarz S., Vester B. The Cfr rRNA methyltransferase confers resistance to Phenicols, Lincosamides, Oxazolidinones, Pleuromutilins, and Streptogramin A antibiotics. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2006, 50:2500-2505.
35. Ziglam H. Daptomycin and tigecycline: a review of clinical efficacy in the antimicrobial era. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2007, 8:2279-2292.
36. Rubinstein E., Vaughan D. Tigecycline: a novel glycylcycline. Drugs 2005, 65:1317-1336.
37. Keating G.M., Perry C.M. Ertapenem: a review of its use in the treatment of bacterial infections. Drugs 2005, 65:2151-2178.
38. Lister P.D. Carbapenems in the USA: focus on doripenem. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2007, 5:793-809.
39. Keam S.J. Doripenem: a review of its use in the treatment of bacterial infections. Drugs 2008, 68:2021-2057.
40. Falagas M.E., Manta K.G., Ntziora F., Vardakas K.Z. Linezolid for the treatment of patients with endocarditis: a systematic review of the published evidence. J Antimicrob Chemother 2006, 58:273-280.
41. Falagas M.E., Siempos I.I., Papagelopoulos P.J., Vardakas K.Z. Linezolid for the treatment of adults with bone and joint infections. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2007, 29:233-239.
42. Senneville E., Legout L., Valette M., Yazdanpanah Y., Giraud F., Beltrand E., et al. Risk factors for anaemia in patients on prolonged linezolid therapy for chronic osteomyelitis: a case-control study. J Antimicrob Chemother 2004, 54:798-802.
43. Senneville E., Legout L., Valette M., Yazdanpanah Y., Beltrand E., Caillaux M., et al. Effectiveness and tolerability of prolonged linezolid treatment for chronic osteomyelitis: a retrospective study. Clin Ther 2006, 28:1155-1163.
44. Kanafani Z.A., Corey G.R. Daptomycin: a rapidly bactericidal lipopeptide for the treatment of Gram-positive infections. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2007, 5:177-184.
45. Sauermann R., Rothenburger M., Graninger W., Joukhadar C. Daptomycin: a review 4 years after first approval. Pharmacology 2008, 81:79-91.
46. Boucher H.W., Sakoulas G. Perspectives on Daptomycin resistance, with emphasis on resistance in Staphylococcus aureus. Clin Infect Dis 2007, 45:601-608.
47. Falagas M.E., Giannopoulou K.P., Ntziora F., Papagelopoulos P.J. Daptomycin for treatment of patients with bone and joint infections: a systematic review of the clinical evidence. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2007, 30:202-209.
48. Mohr J.F., Friedrich L.V., Yankelev S., Lamp K.C. Daptomycin for the treatment of enterococcal bacteraemia: results from the Cubicin Outcomes Registry and Experience (CORE). Int J Antimicrob Agents 2009, 33:543-548.
49. Peterson L.R. A review of tigecycline - the first glycylcycline. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2008, 32(Suppl. 4):S215-S222.
50. Pankey G.A. Tigecycline. J Antimicrob Chemother 2005, 56:470-480.
51. Milatovic D., Schmitz F.J., Verhoef J., Fluit A.C. Activities of the glycylcycline tigecycline (GAR-936) against 1,924 recent European clinical bacterial isolates. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2003, 47:400-404.
52. Bouchillon S.K., Hoban D.J., Johnson B.M., Johnson J.L., Hsiung A., Dowzicky M.J. In vitro activity of tigecycline against 3989 Gram-negative and Gram-positive clinical isolates from the United States Tigecycline Evaluation and Surveillance Trial (TEST Program; 2004). Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2005, 52:173-179.
53. Hoban D.J., Bouchillon S.K., Johnson B.M., Johnson J.L., Dowzicky M.J. In vitro activity of tigecycline against 6792 Gram-negative and Gram-positive clinical isolates from the global Tigecycline Evaluation and Surveillance Trial (TEST Program, 2004). Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2005, 52:215-227.
54. Bouchillon S.K., Iredell J.R., Barkham T., Lee K., Dowzicky M.J. Comparative in vitro activity of tigecycline and other antimicrobials against Gram-negative and Gram-positive organisms collected from the Asia-Pacific Rim as part of the Tigecycline Evaluation and Surveillance Trial (TEST). Int J Antimicrob Agents 2009, 33:130-136.
55. Tuckman M., Petersen P.J., Howe A.Y., Orlowski M., Mullen S., Chan K., et al. Occurrence of tetracycline resistance genes among Escherichia coli isolates from the phase 3 clinical trials for tigecycline. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2007, 51:3205-3211.
56. Keeney D., Ruzin A., McAleese F., Murphy E., Bradford P.A. MarA-mediated overexpression of the AcrAB efflux pump results in decreased susceptibility to tigecycline in Escherichia coli. J Antimicrob Chemother 2008, 61:46-53.
57. Entenza J.M., Moreillon P. Tigecycline in combination with other antimicrobials: a review of in vitro, animal and case report studies. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2009, 34(8):e1-9.
58. Schafer J.J., Goff D.A. Establishing the role of tigecycline in an era of antimicrobial resistance. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2008, 6:557-567.
59. McKeage K., Keating G.M. Tigecycline: in community-acquired pneumonia. Drugs 2008, 68:2633-2644.
60. Zhanel G.G., Wiebe R., Dilay L., Thomson K., Rubinstein E., Hoban D.J., et al. Comparative review of the carbapenems. Drugs 2007, 67:1027-1052.
61. Shah P.M., Isaacs R.D. Ertapenem, the first of a new group of carbapenems. J Antimicrob Chemother 2003, 52:538-542.
62. Zhanel G.G., Johanson C., Embil J.M., Noreddin A., Gin A., Vercaigne L., et al. Ertapenem: review of a new carbapenem. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2005, 3:23-39.
63. Burkhardt O., Derendorf H., Welte T. Ertapenem: the new carbapenem 5 years after first FDA licensing for clinical practice. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2007, 8:237-256.
64. Wexler H.M. In vitro activity of ertapenem: review of recent studies. J Antimicrob Chemother 2004, 53(Suppl. 2):ii11-ii21.
65. Nix D.E., Majumdar A.K., DiNubile M.J. Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of ertapenem: an overview for clinicians. J Antimicrob Chemother 2004, 53(Suppl. 2):ii23-ii28.
66. Poulakou G., Giamarellou H. Doripenem: an expected arrival in the treatment of infections caused by multidrug-resistant Gram-negative pathogens. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2008, 17:749-771.
67. Matthews S.J., Lancaster J.W. Doripenem monohydrate, a broad-spectrum carbapenem antibiotic. Clin Ther 2009, 31:42-63.
68. Zhanel G.G., Lam A., Schweizer F., Thomson K., Walkty A., Rubinstein E., et al. Ceftobiprole: a review of a broad-spectrum and anti-MRSA cephalosporin. Am J Clin Dermatol 2008, 9:245-254.
69. Barbour A., Schmidt S., Rand K.H., Derendorf H. Ceftobiprole: a novel cephalosporin with activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative pathogens, including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Int J Antimicrob Agents 2009, 34:1-7.
70. Wang H., Liu Y., Sun H., Xu Y., Xie X., Chen M. In vitro activity of ceftobiprole, linezolid, tigecycline, and 23 other antimicrobial agents against Staphylococcus aureus isolates in China. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2008, 62:226-229.
71. Amsler K.M., Davies T.A., Shang W., Jacobs M.R., Bush K. In vitro activity of ceftobiprole against pathogens from two phase 3 clinical trials of complicated skin and skin structure infections. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2008, 52:3418-3423.
72. Fritsche T.R., Sader H.S., Jones R.N. Antimicrobial activity of ceftobiprole, a novel anti-methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus cephalosporin, tested against contemporary pathogens: results from the SENTRY Antimicrobial Surveillance Program (2005-2006). Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2008, 61:86-95.
73. Lodise T.P., Patel N., Renaud-Mutart A., Gorodecky E., Fritsche T.R., Jones R.N. Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profile of ceftobiprole. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2008, 61:96-102.
74. Kanafani Z.A., Corey G.R. Ceftaroline: a cephalosporin with expanded Gram-positive activity. Future Microbiol 2009, 4:25-33.
75. Sader H.S., Fritsche T.R., Kaniga K., Ge Y., Jones R.N. Antimicrobial activity and spectrum of PPI-0903M (T-91825), a novel cephalosporin, tested against a worldwide collection of clinical strains. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2005, 49:3501-3512.
76. Anderson V.R., Keating G.M. Dalbavancin. Drugs 2008, 68:639-648. [discussion 49-51].
77. Leonard S.N., Rybak M.J. Telavancin: an antimicrobial with a multifunctional mechanism of action for the treatment of serious Gram-positive infections. Pharmacotherapy 2008, 28:458-468.
78. Ward K.E., Mersfelder T.L., LaPlante K.L. Oritavancin - an investigational glycopeptide antibiotic. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2006, 15:417-429.
79. Takagi H., Tanaka K., Tsuda H., Kobayashi H. Clinical studies of garenoxacin. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2008, 32:468-474.
80. Anderson D.L. Sitafloxacin hydrate for bacterial infections. Drugs Today (Barc) 2008, 44:489-501.
81. Morgan A., Cofer C., Stevens D.L. Iclaprim: a novel dihydrofolate reductase inhibitor for skin and soft tissue infections. Future Microbiol 2009, 4:131-144.
82. Livermore D.M., Tulkens P.M. Temocillin revived. J Antimicrob Chemother 2009, 63:243-245.
83. Billeter M., Zervos M.J., Chen A.Y., Dalovisio J.R., Kurukularatne C. Dalbavancin: a novel once-weekly lipoglycopeptide antibiotic. Clin Infect Dis 2008, 46:577-583.
84. Nannini E.C., Stryjewski M.E. A new lipoglycopeptide: telavancin. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2008, 9:2197-2207.
85. Mercier R.C., Hrebickova L. Oritavancin: a new avenue for resistant Gram-positive bacteria. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2005, 3:325-332.
86. Dalhoff A., Schmitz F.J. In vitro antibacterial activity and pharmacodynamics of new quinolones. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2003, 22:203-221.
87. Weller T.M., Andrews J.M., Jevons G., Wise R. The in vitro activity of BMS-284756, a new des-fluorinated quinolone. J Antimicrob Chemother 2002, 49:177-184.
88. Hecht D.W., Osmolski J.R. Activities of garenoxacin (BMS-284756) and other agents against anaerobic clinical isolates. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2003, 47:910-916.
89. Sader H.S., Fritsche T.R., Jones R.N. In vitro activity of garenoxacin tested against a worldwide collection of ciprofloxacin-susceptible and ciprofloxacin-resistant Enterobacteriaceae strains (1999-2004). Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2007, 58:27-32.
90. Wexler H.M., Molitoris E., Reeves D., Finegold S.M. In vitro activity of DU-6859a against anaerobic bacteria. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1994, 38:2504-2509.
91. Nakane T., Iyobe S., Sato K., Mitsuhashi S. In vitro antibacterial activity of DU-6859a, a new fluoroquinolone. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1995, 39:2822-2826.
92. Milatovic D., Schmitz F.J., Brisse S., Verhoef J., Fluit A.C. In vitro activities of sitafloxacin (DU-6859a) and six other fluoroquinolones against 8,796 clinical bacterial isolates. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2000, 44:1102-1107.
93. Tanaka K., Kato N., Watanabe K. In vitro activity of an evernimicin derivative, SCH27899, against anaerobic bacteria and Propionibacterium acnes. J Antimicrob Chemother 2000, 46:465-469.
94. Schneider P., Hawser S., Islam K. Iclaprim, a novel diaminopyrimidine with potent activity on trimethoprim sensitive and resistant bacteria. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2003, 13:4217-4221.
95. Kohlhoff S.A., Sharma R. Iclaprim. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2007, 16:1441-1448.
96. Sader H.S., Fritsche T.R., Jones R.N. Potency and bactericidal activity of iclaprim against recent clinical Gram-positive isolates. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2009, 53:2171-2175.
97. Van Landuyt H.W., Pyckavet M., Lambert A., Boelaert J. In vitro activity of temocillin (BRL 17421), a novel beta-lactam antibiotic. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1982, 22:535-540.
98. Livermore D.M., Hope R., Fagan E.J., Warner M., Woodford N., Potz N. Activity of temocillin against prevalent ESBL- and AmpC-producing Enterobacteriaceae from south-east England. J Antimicrob Chemother 2006, 57:1012-1014.
99. Adams-Haduch J.M., Potoski B.A., Sidjabat H.E., Paterson D.L., Doi Y. Activity of temocillin against KPC-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2009, 53:2700-2701.
100. Lekkas A., Gyi K.M., Hodson M.E. Temocillin in the treatment of Burkholderia cepacia infection in cystic fibrosis. J Cyst Fibros 2006, 5:121-124.
101. Montecalvo M.A. Ramoplanin: a novel antimicrobial agent with the potential to prevent vancomycin-resistant enterococcal infection in high-risk patients. J Antimicrob Chemother 2003, 51(Suppl. 3):iii31-iii35.
102. Citron D.M., Merriam C.V., Tyrrell K.L., Warren Y.A., Fernandez H., Goldstein E.J. In vitro activities of ramoplanin, teicoplanin, vancomycin, linezolid, bacitracin, and four other antimicrobials against intestinal anaerobic bacteria. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2003, 47:2334-2338.
103. Fulco P., Wenzel R.P. Ramoplanin: a topical lipoglycodepsipeptide antibacterial agent. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2006, 4:939-945.
104. Walsh C. Where will new antibiotics come from?. Nat Rev Microbiol 2003, 1:65-70.
105. Theuretzbacher U. Future antibiotics scenarios: is the tide starting to turn?. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2009, 34:15-20.
106. Gerding D.N., Muto C.A., Owens R.C. Treatment of Clostridium difficile infection. Clin Infect Dis 2008, 46(Suppl. 1):S32-42.