Anti-leishmanial drug discovery: Rising to the challenges of a highly neglected disease

Molecular Interventions

Volumn 10, Issue 2, 2010, Pages 72-75

  Sharlow, Elizabeth R ^a,b   Grögl, Max ^c   Johnson, Jacob ^c   Lazo, John S ^a,b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^c WALTER REED ARMY INSTITUTE OF RESEARCH   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ALLOPURINOL; AMPHOTERICIN B; ANTILEISHMANIAL AGENT; FLUCONAZOLE; ITRACONAZOLE; KETOCONAZOLE; MILTEFOSINE; PAROMOMYCIN; PENTAMIDINE; PENTAVALENT ANTIMONY; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG;

AMERICAN LEISHMANIASIS; ANEMIA; CARDIOTOXICITY; CLINICAL FEATURE; DIARRHEA; EDEMA; ELECTROPHORESIS; ENDOCRINE DISEASE; ERYTHEMA; GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION; HIGH THROUGHPUT SCREENING; HUMAN; HYPOKALEMIA; IMMUNITY; INJECTION SITE PAIN; LEISHMANIA; LEISHMANIA AETHIOPICA; LEISHMANIA BRAZILIENSIS; LEISHMANIA DONOVANI; LEISHMANIA INFANTUM; LEISHMANIA MAJOR; LEISHMANIA MEXICANA; LEISHMANIA PANAMENSIS; LEISHMANIA TROPICA; LEISHMANIASIS; LIVER TOXICITY; NAUSEA; NEPHROTOXICITY; PAIN; RASH; REVIEW; SKIN LEISHMANIASIS; TREATMENT INDICATION; VISCERAL LEISHMANIASIS; VOMITING;

ANIMALS; ANTIPROTOZOAL AGENTS; DRUG DISCOVERY; FEMALE; HUMANS; LEISHMANIA; LEISHMANIASIS;

EID: 77950682112     PISSN: 15340384     EISSN: 15432548     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1124/mi.10.2.4     Document Type: Review

References (31)

1. Mathers CD, Ezzati M, and Lopez AD (2007) Measuring the burden of neglected tropical diseases: The global burden of disease framework. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 1:e114. (Pubitemid 352024647)
2. Stober CB, Lange UG, Roberts MTM, Alcami A, and Blackwell JM. (2005) IL-10 from regulatory T cells determines vaccine efficacy in murine Leishmania major infection. J Immunol 175:2517-2524. (Pubitemid 41113863)
3. Blum J, Desjeux P, Schwartz E, Beck B, and Hatz C (2004) Treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis among travelers. J Antimicrob Chemother 53:158-166.
4. Shaw J (2007) The leishmaniasis-survival and expansion in a changing world. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 102:541-547.
5. Ready PD (2008) Leishmaniasis emergence and climate change. Rev Sci Tech 27:399-412.
6. Leishmaniasis epidemic hits Afghanistan. (2002) CMAJ 167:536.
7. Stephenson J (2004) Leishmaniasis epidemic. JAMA 292:1294.
8. Bern C, Maguire JH, and Alvar J (2008). Complexities of assessing the disease burden attributable to leishmaniasis. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2:e313.
9. Ameen M (2007) Cutaneous leishmaniasis: Therapeutic strategies and future directions. Expert Opin Pharmacother 8:2689-2699. (Pubitemid 350193711)
10. David CV and Craft N (2009) Cutaneous and mucocutaneous leishma-niasis. Dermatol Ther 22:491-502.
11. Roberts LJ, Handman E, and Foote SJ (2000) Leishmaniasis. BMJ 321:801-804.
12. Stuart K, Brun R, Croft S, Fairlamb A, Gürtler RE, McKerrow J, Reed S, and Tarleton R (2008) Kinetoplastids: Related protozoan pathogens, different diseases. J Clin Invest 118:1301-1310. (Pubitemid 351500422)
13. Cardo LJ (2006) Leishmania: Risk to the blood supply. Transfusion 46:1641-1645.
14. Murray HW, Berman JD, Davies CR, and Saravia NG (2005) Advances in leishmaniasis. Lancet 366:1561-1577.
15. Killick-Kendrick R (1999) The biology and control of phlebotomine sand flies. Clin Dermatol 17:279-289. (Pubitemid 29497892)
16. Reithinger R, Dujardin JC, Louzir H, Pirmez C, Alexander B, and Brooker S (2007) Cutaneous leishmaniasis. Lancet Infect Dis 7:581-596. (Pubitemid 47277438)
17. Naderer T, Wee E, and McConville MJ (2008) Role of hexosamine biosynthesis in Leishmania growth and virulence. Mol Micro 69:858-869. (Pubitemid 352033306)
18. Lesho E P, Wortmann G, Neafie R, and Aronson N (2005) Nonhealing skin lesions in a sailor and a journalist returing from Iraq. Cleve Clin J Med 72:93-106. (Pubitemid 40766742)
19. Herwaldt BL and Berman JD (1992) Recommendations for treating leish-maniasis with sodium stibogluconate (Pentostam) and review of pertinent clinical studies. Am J Trop Med Hyg 46:296-306.
20. Berman JD (1988) Chemotherapy for leishmaniasis: Biochemical mechanisms, clinical efficacy, and future strategies. Rev Infect Dis 10:560-586.
21. Bogdan C, Donhauser N, Döring R, Röllinghoff M, Diefenbach A, and Rittig MG (2000) Fibroblasts as host cells in latent leishmaniosis. J Exp Med 191:2121-2130.
22. Gerpe A, Aguirre G, Boiani L, Cerecetto H, Gonzalez M, Olea-Azar C, Rigol C, Maya JD, Morello A, Piro OE, et al. (2006) Indazole N-oxide derivatives as antiprotozoal agents: Synthesis, biological evaluation and mechanism of action studies. Bioorg Med Chem 14:3467-3480.
23. de Souza R, Pereira VLP, Muzitano M F, Falcão CA, Rossi-Bergmann B, Filho EB, and Vasconcellos ML (2007) High selective leishmanicidal activity of 3-hydroxy-2-methylene-3-(4-bromophenyl)propanenitrile and analogous compounds. Eur J Med Chem 42:99-102. (Pubitemid 46210045)
24. Ivens, AC, Peacock CS, Worthey EA, Murphy L, Aggarwal G, Berriman M, Sisk E, Rajandream MA, Adlem E, Aert R, et al. (2005) The genome of the kinetoplastid parasite, Leishmania major. Science 309:436-442.
25. Peacock CS, Seeger K, Harris D, Murphy L, Ruiz JC, Quail MA, Peter N, Adlem E, Tivey A, Aslett M et al (2007) Comparative genomic analysis of three Leishmania species that cause diverse human disease. Nat Gen 39:839-847.
26. Sharlow ER, Close D, Shun T, Leimgruber S, Reed R, Mustata G, Wipf P, Johnson J, O'Neil M, Grögl M, et al. (2009) Identification of potent chemotypes targeting Leishmania major using a high-throughput, low-stringency, computationally enhanced, small molecule screen. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 3:e540.
27. Asato Y, Oshiro M, Myint CK, Yamamoto Y, Kato H, Marco JD, Mimori T, Gomez EA, Hashiguchi Y, and Uezato H (2009) Phylogenic analysis of the genus Leishmania by cytochrome b gene sequencing. Exp Parasitol 121:352-361.
28. Callahan HL, Portal AC, Devereaux R, and Grögl M (1997) An axenic amastigote system for drug screening. Antimicrob Agents Chem 41:818-822.
29. Fumarola L, Spinelli R, and Brandonisio O (2004) In vitro assays for evaluation of drug activity against Leishmania spp. Res Microbiol 155: 224-230.
30. Lynn MA and McMaster WR (2008) Leishmania: Conserved evolution-diverse diseases. Trends Parasitol 24:103-105.
31. Smith DF, Peacock CS, and Cruz AK (2007) Comparative genom-ics: From genotype to disease phenotype in the leishmaniases. Int J Parasitol 37:1173-1186.