Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation for Myelodysplastic Syndrome and Myeloproliferative Disorders

Thomas' Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation: Stem Cell Transplantation, Fourth Edition

Volumn , Issue , 2009, Pages 827-844

  Deeg, H Joachim ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

Author keywords

Allogeneic HCT; Chronic myelomonocytic leukemia; Hematopoietic cell transplantation for myelodysplastic syndrome and myeloproliferative disorders; High risk MDS; Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDSs); Myeloproliferative disorders; Scoring systems for myelofibrosis; World Health Organization classification and criteria for myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS)

Indexed keywords

EID: 77950527153     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1002/9781444303537.ch57     Document Type: Chapter

References (122)

1. Vardiman JW, Harris NL, Brunning RD. The World Health Organization (WHO) classification of the myeloid neoplasms [Review]. Blood 2002; 100: 2292-302.
2. Sorror ML, Maris MB, Storb R, Baron F, Sandmaier BM, Maloney DG, Storer B. Hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT)-specific comorbidity index: a new tool for risk assessment before allogeneic HCT. Blood 2005; 106: 2912-9.
3. Cutler C, Lee S, Greenberg P et al. A decision analysis of allogeneic stem cell transplantation for MDS: delayed transplantation for low risk MDS is associated with improved outcome [Abstract]. Blood 2002; 100(Pt 1):74a, #270.
4. Wells DA, Benesch M, Loken MR, Vallejo C, Myerson D, Leisenring WM, Deeg HJ. Myeloid and monocytic dyspoiesis as determined by fl ow cytometric scoring in myelodysplastic syndrome correlates with the IPSS and with outcome after hemopoietic stem cell transplantation. Blood 2003; 102: 394-403.
5. Guardiola P, Runde V, Bacigalupo A et al. Retrospective comparison of bone marrow and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor-mobilized peripheral blood progenitor cells for allogeneic stem cell transplantation using HLA identical sibling donors in myelodysplastic syndromes. Blood 2002; 99: 4370-8.
6. Deeg HJ, Storer B, Slattery JT et al. Conditioning with targeted busulfan and cyclophosphamide for hemopoietic stem cell transplantation from related and unrelated donors in patients with myelodysplastic syndrome. Blood 2002; 100: 1201-7.
7. Ooi J, Iseki T, Takahashi S et al. Unrelated cord blood transplantation for adult patients with advanced myelodysplastic syndrome. Blood 2003; 101: 4711-13.
8. Ooi J. The efficacy of unrelated cord blood transplantation for adult myelodysplastic syndrome. Leuk Lymphoma 2006; 47: 599-602.
9. Koh LP, Chao NJ. Umbilical cord blood transplantation in adults using myeloablative and nonmyeloablative preparative regimens [Review]. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2004; 10: 1-22.
10. Barker JN, Weisdorf DJ, Defor TE et al. Transplantation of 2 partially HLA-matched umbilical cord blood units to enhance engraftment in adults with hematologic malignancy. Blood 2005; 105: 1343-7.
11. Petersdorf EW, Malkki M. Human leukocyte antigen matching in unrelated donor hematopoietic cell transplantation. Semin Hematol 2005; 42: 76-84.
12. Flomenberg N, Baxter-Lowe LA, Confer D et al. Impact of HLA class I and class II high resolution matching on outcomes of unrelated donor bone marrow transplantation: HLA-C mismatching is associated with a strong adverse effect on transplant outcome. Blood 2004; 104: 1923-30.
13. Scott B, Deeg HJ. Hemopoietic cell transplantation as curative therapy of myelodysplastic syndromes and myeloproliferative disorders. Best Pract Res Clin Haematol 2006; 19: 519-22.
14. Maris M, Storb R. The transplantation of hematopoietic stem cells after non-myeloablative conditioning: a cellular therapeutic approach to hematologic and genetic diseases. Immunol Res 2003; 28: 13-24.
15. Platzbecker U, Ehninger G, Schmitz N, Bornhäuser M. Reduced-intensity conditioning followed by allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation in myeloid diseases [Review]. Ann Hematol 2003; 82: 463-8.
16. Baron F, Maris MB, Sandmaier BM et al. Graftversus- tumor effects after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation with nonmyeloablative conditioning [Abstract]. Blood 2004; 104(Pt 1): 56a-7a, #184.
17. Deeg HJ, Maris MB, Scott BL, Warren EH. Optimization of allogeneic transplant conditioning: not the time for dogma. Leukemia 2006; 20: 1701-5.
18. Maris MB, Sandmaier BM, Niederwieser D et al. Comparisons of donor chimerism, graft rejection, and GVHD after hematopoietic stem cell transplants (HSCT) from HLA matched siblings and unrelated donors using conditioning with 2 Gy TBI with and without fl udarabine (FLU) [Abstract]. Blood 2000; 96(Pt 1): 520a, #2239.
19. Maris MB, Sandmaier BM, Storer B et al. Unrelated donor peripheral blood stem cell (PBSC) transplantation using nonmyeloablative conditioning and mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) TID results in high engraftment rates [Abstract]. Blood 2004; 104(Pt 1): 503a, #1818.
20. Yakoub-Agha I, de La Salmonière P, Ribaud P et al. Allogeneic bone marrow transplantation for therapy-related myelodysplastic syndrome and acute myeloid leukemia: a long-term study of 70 patients-report of the French Society of bone marrow transplantation. J Clin Oncol 2000; 18: 963-71.
21. Scott BL, Storer B, Loken M, Storb R, Appelbaum FR, Deeg HJ. Pretransplantation induction chemotherapy and posttransplantation relapse in patients with advanced myelodysplastic syndrome. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2005; 11: 65-73.
22. Corey SJ, Minden MD, Barber DL, Kantarjian H, Wang JC, Schimmer AD. Myelodysplastic syndromes: the complexity of stem-cell diseases [Review]. Nat Rev Cancer 2007; 7: 118-29.
23. Mayani H. Abnormal stromal cells in myelodysplastic syndromes: genomics presents further evidence. Leuk Res 2007; 31: 577-8.
24. Bennett JM, Catovsky D, Daniel MT, Flandrin G, Galton DAG, Gralnick HR, Sultan C, Proposals for the classification of the myelodysplastic syndromes. Br J Haematol 1982; 51: 189-99.
25. Harris NL, Jaffe ES, Diebold J et al. World Health Organization classification of neoplastic diseases of the hematopoietic and lymphoid tissues: report of the clinical advisory committee meeting - Airlie House, Virginia, November 1997. J Clin Oncol 1999; 17: 3835-49.
26. Greenberg P, Cox C, LeBeau MM et al. International scoring system for evaluating prognosis in myelodysplastic syndromes. Blood 1997; 89: 2079-88. Erratum in: Blood 1998; 91: 1100.
27. Malcovati L, Germing U, Kuendgen A et al. A WHO classification-based prognostic scoring system (WPSS) for predicting survival in myelodysplastic syndromes [Abstract]. Blood 2005; 106: 232a-3a.
28. List A, Kurtin S, Roe DJ et al. Efficacy of lenalidomide in myelodysplastic syndromes. N Engl J Med 2005; 352: 549-57.
29. Silverman LR. DNA methyltransferase inhibitors in myelodysplastic syndrome. Baillieres Best Pract Clin Haematol 2004; 17: 585-94.
30. Saba H, Rosenfeld C, Issa J-P et al. First report of the phase III north American trial of decitabine in advanced myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) [Abstract]. Blood 2004; 104(Pt 1): 23a, #67.
31. Kantarjian H, Issa JP, Rosenfeld CS et al. Decitabine improves patient outcomes in myelodysplastic syndromes: results of a phase III randomized study. Cancer 2006; 106: 1794-803.
32. Molldrem JJ, Leifer E, Bahceci E et al. Antithymocyte globulin for treatment of the bone marrow failure associated with myelodysplastic syndrome [summary for patients in Ann Intern Med 2002 Aug 6; 137(3): I-27]. Ann Intern Med 2002; 137: 156-63.
33. Hellstrom-Lindberg E, Gulbrandsen N, Lindberg G et al. A validated decision model for treating the anaemia of myelodysplastic syndromes with erythropoietin + granulocyte colony-stimulating factor: significant effects on quality of life. Br J Haematol 2003; 120: 1037-46.
34. Runde V, de Witte T, Arnold R et al. Bone marrow transplantation from HLA-identical siblings as first-line treatment in patients with myelodysplastic syndromes: early transplantation is associated with improved outcome. Chronic Leukemia Working Party of the European Group for Blood and Marrow Transplantation. Bone Marrow Transplant 1998; 21: 255-61.
35. Arnold R, de Witte T, van Biezen A et al. Unrelated bone marrow transplantation in patients with myelodysplastic syndromes and secondary acute myeloid leukemia: an EBMT survey. European Blood and Marrow Transplantation Group. Bone Marrow Transplant 1998; 21: 1213-16.
36. Sierra J, Pérez WS, Rozman C et al. Bone marrow transplantation from HLA-identical siblings as treatment for myelodysplasia. Blood 2002; 100: 1997-2004.
37. Castro-Malaspina H, Harris RE, Gajewski J et al. Unrelated donor marrow transplantation for myelodysplastic syndromes: outcome analysis in 510 transplants facilitated by the National Marrow Donor Program. Blood 2002; 99: 1943-51.
38. Stuart MJ, Cao TM, Sandmaier BM et al. Efficacy of non-myeloablative allogeneic transplant for patients with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and myeloproliferative disorders (MPD) (except chronic myelogenous leukemia) [Abstract]. Blood 2003; 102(Pt 1): 185a, #644.
39. Scott BL, Sandmaier BM, Storer B et al. Myeloablative vs nonmyeloablative allogeneic transplantation for patients with myelodysplastic syndrome or acute myelogenous leukemia with multilineage dysplasia: a retrospective analysis. Leukemia 2006; 20: 128-35.
40. Jurado M, Deeg HJ, Storer B et al. Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for advanced myelodysplastic syndrome after conditioning with busulfan and fractionated total body irradiation is associated with low relapse rate but considerable nonrelapse mortality. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2002; 8: 161-9.
41. Anderson JE, Appelbaum FR, Schoch G et al. Allogeneic marrow transplantation for myelodysplastic syndrome with advanced disease morphology: a phase II study of busulfan, cyclophosphamide, and total-body irradiation and analysis of prognostic factors. J Clin Oncol 1996; 14: 220-6.
42. Bornhäuser M, Storer B, Slattery JT et al. Conditioning with fl udarabine and targeted busulfan for transplantation of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cells. Blood 2003; 102: 820-6.
43. de Lima M, Couriel D, Thall PF et al. Once-daily intravenous busulfan and fl udarabine: clinical and pharmacokinetic results of a myeloablative, reduced-toxicity conditioning regimen for allogeneic stem cell transplantation in AML and MDS. Blood 2004; 104: 857-64.
44. Russell JA, Tran HT, Quinlan D et al. Once-daily intravenous busulfan given with fl udarabine as conditioning for allogeneic stem cell transplantation: study of pharmacokinetics and early clinical outcomes. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2002; 8: 468-76.
45. Kroger N, Bornhauser M, Ehninger G et al. Allogeneic stem cell transplantation after a fl udarabine/busulfan-based reduced-intensity conditioning in patients with myelodysplastic syndrome or secondary acute myeloid leukemia. Ann Hematol 2003; 82: 336-42.
46. Martino R, Caballero MD, Simón JA et al. Evidence for a graft-versus-leukemia effect after allogeneic peripheral blood stem cell transplantation with reduced-intensity conditioning in acute myelogenous leukemia and myelodysplastic syndromes. Blood 2002; 100: 2243-5.
47. Lim ZY, Ho AY, Ingram W et al. Outcomes of alemtuzumab-based reduced intensity conditioning stem cell transplantation using unrelated donors for myelodysplastic syndromes. Br J Haematol 2006; 135: 201-9.
48. van Besien K, Artz A, Smith S et al. Fludarabine, melphalan, and alemtuzumab conditioning in adults with standard-risk advanced acute myeloid leukemia and myelodysplastic syndrome. J Clin Oncol 2005; 23: 5728-38.
49. Pagel JM, Appelbaum FR, Sandmaier BM et al. 131I-anti-CD45 antibody plus fl udarabine, lowdose total body irradiation and peripheral blood stem cell infusion for elderly patients with advanced acute myeloid leukemia (AML) or highrisk myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) [Abstract]. Blood 2005; 106(Pt 1): 119a, #397.
50. Chan GW, Foss FM, Klein AK, Sprague K, Miller KB. Reduced-intensity transplantation for patients with myelodysplastic syndrome achieves durable remission with less graft-versus-host disease. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2003; 9: 753-9.
51. Hallemeier CL, Girgis MD, Blum WG et al. Long-term remissions in patients with myelodysplastic syndrome and secondary acute myelogenous leukemia undergoing allogeneic transplantation following a reduced intensity conditioning regimen of 550 cGy total body irradiation and cyclophosphamide. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2006; 12: 749-57.
52. Hasle H, Niemeyer CM, Chessells JM, Baumann I, Bennett JM, Kerndrup G, Head DR. A pediatric approach to the WHO classification of myelodysplastic and myeloproliferative diseases [Review]. Leukemia 2003; 17: 277-82.
53. Kardos G, Baumann I, Passmore SJ et al. Refractory anemia in childhood: a retrospective analysis of 67 patients with particular reference to monosomy. Blood 2003; 102: 1997-2003.
54. Sasaki H, Manabe A, Kojima S et al. Myelodysplastic syndrome in childhood: a retrospective study of 189 patients in Japan. Leukemia 2001; 15: 1713-20.
55. Yusuf U, Frangoul HA, Gooley TA et al. Allogeneic bone marrow transplantation in children with myelodysplastic syndrome or juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia: the Seattle experience. Bone Marrow Transplant 2004; 33: 805-14.
56. Brown JR, Yeckes H, Friedberg JW, Neuberg D, Kim H, Nadler LM, Freedman AS. Increasing incidence of late second malignancies after conditioning with cyclophosphamide and total-body irradiation and autologous bone marrow transplantation for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. J Clin Oncol 2005; 23: 2208-14.
57. Metayer C, Curtis RE, Vose J et al. Myelodysplastic syndrome and acute myeloid leukemia after autotransplantation for lymphoma: a multicenter case-control study. Blood 2003; 101: 2015-23.
58. Friedberg JW, Neuberg D, Stone RM et al. Outcome in patients with myelodysplastic syndrome after autologous bone marrow transplantation for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. J Clin Oncol 1999; 17: 3128-35.
59. Woodard P, Barfield R, Hale G et al. Outcome of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for pediatric patients with therapy-related acute myeloid leukemia or myelodysplastic syndrome. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2006; 47: 931-5.
60. James C, Ugo V, Le Couedic JP et al. A unique clonal JAK2 mutation leading to constitutive signalling causes polycythaemia vera. Nature 2005; 434: 1144-8.
61. Kralovics R, Passamonti F, Buser AS et al. A gain-of-function mutation of JAK2 in myeloproliferative disorders. N Engl J Med 2005; 352: 1779-90.
62. Scott LM, Tong W, Levine RL et al. JAK2 exon 12 mutations in polycythemia vera and idiopathic erythrocytosis. N Engl J Med 2007; 356: 459-68.
63. Campbell PJ, Green AR. The myeloproliferative disorders [Review]. N Engl J Med 2006; 355: 2452-66.
64. Dupriez B, Morel P, Demory JL, Lai JL, Simon M, Plantier I, Bauters F. Prognostic factors in agnogenic myeloid metaplasia: a report on 195 cases with a new scoring system. Blood 1996; 88: 1013-18.
65. Dingli D, Schwager SM, Mesa RA, Li CY, Tefferi A. Prognosis in transplant-eligible patients with agnogenic myeloid metaplasia: a simple CBCbased scoring system. Cancer 2006; 106: 623-30.
66. Kerbauy DMB, Gooley TA, Sale GE et al. Hematopoietic cell transplantation as curative therapy for idiopathic myelofibrosis, advanced polycythemia vera, and essential thrombocythemia. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2007; 13: 355-65.
67. Barosi G, Viarengo G, Pecci A, Rosti V, Piaggio G, Marchetti M, Frassoni F. Diagnostic and clinical relevance of the number of circulating CD34(+) cells in myelofibrosis with myeloid metaplasia. Blood 2001; 98: 3249-55.
68. Arora B, Sirhan S, Hoyer JD, Mesa RA, Tefferi A. Peripheral blood CD34 count in myelofibrosis with myeloid metaplasia: a prospective evaluation of prognostic value in 94 patients. Br J Haematol 2005; 128: 42-8.
69. Tefferi A, Mesa RA, Schroeder G, Hanson CA, Li CY, Dewald GW. Cytogenetic findings and their clinical relevance in myelofibrosis with myeloid metaplasia. Br J Haematol 2001; 113: 763-71.
70. Tefferi A, Dingli D, Li CY, Dewald GW. Prognostic diversity among cytogenetic abnormalities in myelofibrosis with myeloid metaplasia. Cancer 2005; 104: 1656-60.
71. Mesa RA, Steensma DP, Pardanani A et al. A phase 2 trial of combination low-dose thalidomide and prednisone for the treatment of myelofibrosis with myeloid metaplasia. Blood 2003; 101: 2534-41.
72. Tefferi A, Mesa RA, Nagorney DM, Schroeder G, Silverstein MN. Splenectomy in myelofibrosis with myeloid metaplasia: a single-institution experience with 223 patients. Blood 2000; 95: 2226-33.
73. Deeg HJ, Gooley TA, Flowers MED et al. Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for myelofibrosis. Blood 2003; 102: 3912-18.
74. Singhal S, Powles R, Treleaven J, Pollard C, Lumley H, Mehta J. Allogeneic bone marrow transplantation for primary myelofibrosis. Bone Marrow Transplant 1995; 16: 743-6.
75. Guardiola P, Esperou H, Cazals-Hatem D et al. Allogeneic bone marrow transplantation for agnogenic myeloid metaplasia. Br J Haematol 1997; 98: 1004-9.
76. Anderson JE, Sale G, Appelbaum FR, Chauncey TR, Storb R. Allogeneic marrow transplantation for primary myelofibrosis and myelofibrosis secondary to polycythaemia vera or essential thrombocytosis. Br J Haematol 1997; 98: 1010-16.
77. Przepiorka D, Giralt S, Khouri I, Champlin R, Bueso-Ramos C. Allogeneic marrow transplantation for myeloproliferative disorders other than chronic myelogenous leukemia: review of forty cases [Review]. Am J Hematol 1998; 57: 24-8.
78. van Besien K, Deeg HJ. Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for myelofibrosis. Semin Oncol 2005; 32: 414-21.
79. Sale GE, Deeg HJ, Porter BA. Regression of myelofibrosis and osteosclerosis following hematopoietic cell transplantation assessed by magnetic resonance imaging and histologic grading. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2006; 12: 1285-94.
80. Guardiola P, Anderson JE, Bandini G et al. Allogeneic stem cell transplantation for agnogenic myeloid metaplasia: a European Group for Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Société Française de Greffe de Moelle, Gruppo Italiano per il Trapianto del Midollo Osseo, and Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center collaborative study. Blood 1999; 93: 2831-8.
81. Slattery JT, Clift RA, Buckner CD et al. Marrow transplantation for chronic myeloid leukemia: the infl uence of plasma busulfan levels on the outcome of transplantation. Blood 1997; 89: 3055-60.
82. Devine SM, Hoffman R, Verma A et al. Allogeneic blood cell transplantation following reducedintensity conditioning is effective therapy for older patients with myelofibrosis with myeloid metaplasia. Blood 2002; 99: 2255-8.
83. Rondelli D, Barosi G, Bacigalupo A et al. Allogeneic hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation with reduced-intensity conditioning in intermediate- or high-risk patients with myelofibrosis with myeloid metaplasia. Blood 2005; 105: 4115-19.
84. Kroger N, Zabelina T, Schieder H et al. Pilot study of reduced-intensity conditioning followed by allogeneic stem cell transplantation from related and unrelated donors in patients with myelofibrosis. Br J Haematol 2005; 128: 690-7.
85. Snyder DS, Palmer J, Stein AS et al. Allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation following reduced intensity conditioning for treatment of myelofibrosis. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2006; 12: 1161-8.
86. Deeg HJ, Berliner N, Lee SJ, Linenberger M, Vogelsang GB, editors. Optimization of transplant regimens for patients with myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS). In: Hematology 2005: American Society of Hematology Education Program Book. Washington, DC: American Society of Hematology; 2005. pp. 167-73.
87. Elliott MA. Chronic neutrophilic leukemia and chronic myelomonocytic leukemia: WHO defined [Review]. Baillieres Best Pract Clin Haematol 2006; 19: 571-93.
88. Mittal P, Saliba RM, Giralt SA et al. Allogeneic transplantation: a therapeutic option for myelofi- brosis, chronic myelomonocytic leukemia and Philadelphia-negative/BCR-ABL-negative chronic myelogenous leukemia. Bone Marrow Transplant 2004; 33: 1005-9.
89. Piliotis E, Kutas G, Lipton JH. Allogeneic bone marrow transplantation in the management of chronic neutrophilic leukemia. Leuk Lymphoma 2002; 43: 2051-4.
90. Kredzielak-Manikowska I, Traczyk Z, Ceglarek B et al. Chronic eosinophilic leukemia [in Polish]. Pol Arch Med Wewn 2000; 103(1-2): 67-71.
91. Basara N, Markova J, Schmetzer B et al. Chronic eosinophilic leukemia: successful treatment with an unrelated bone marrow transplantation. Leuk Lymphoma 1998; 32(1-2): 189-93.
92. Stover EH, Chen J, Folens C et al. Activation of FIP1L1-PDGFRalpha requires disruption of the juxtamembrane domain of PDGFRalpha and is FIP1L1-independent. PNAS 2006; 103: 8078-83.
93. Jovanovic JV, Score J, Waghorn K et al. Lowdose imatinib mesylate leads to rapid induction of major molecular responses and achievement of complete molecular remission in FIP1L1- PDGFRA-positive chronic eosinophilic leukemia. Blood 2007; 109: 4635-40.
94. Gotlib J, Cross NC, Gilliland DG. Eosinophilic disorders: molecular pathogenesis, new classification, and modern therapy [Review]. Baillieres Best Pract Clin Haematol 2006; 19: 535-69.
95. Cortes J, Kantarjian H. Beyond chronic myelogenous leukemia: potential role for imatinib in Philadelphia-negative myeloproliferative disorders [Review]. Cancer 2004; 100: 2064-78.
96. Onida F, Kantarjian HM, Smith TL et al. Prognostic factors and scoring systems in chronic myelomonocytic leukemia: a retrospective analysis of 213 patients. Blood 2002; 99: 840-9.
97. Kroger N, Zabelina T, Guardiola P et al. Allogeneic stem cell transplantation of adult chronic myelomonocytic leukaemia. A report on behalf of the Chronic Leukaemia Working Party of the European Group for Blood and Marrow Transplantation (EBMT). Br J Haematol 2002; 118: 67-73.
98. Elliott MA, Tefferi A, Hogan WJ et al. Allogeneic stem cell transplantation and donor lymphocyte infusions for chronic myelomonocytic leukemia. Bone Marrow Transplant 2006; 37: 1003-8.
99. Kerbauy DMB, Chyou F, Gooley T et al. Allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation for chronic myelomonocytic leukemia. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2005; 11: 713-20.
100. Koldehoff M, Beelen DW, Trenschel R et al. Outcome of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in patients with atypical chronic myeloid leukemia. Bone Marrow Transplant 2004; 34: 1047-50.
101. Valent P, Ghannadan M, Akin C et al. On the way to targeted therapy of mast cell neoplasms: identification of molecular targets in neoplastic mast cells and evaluation of arising treatment concepts [Review]. Eur J Clin Invest 2004; 34(Suppl 2): 41-52.
102. Nakamura R, Chakrabarti S, Akin C et al. A pilot study of nonmyeloablative allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant for advanced systemic mastocytosis. Bone Marrow Transplant 2006; 37: 353-8.
103. Sperr WR, Drach J, Hauswirth AW et al. Myelomastocytic leukemia: evidence for the origin of mast cells from the leukemic clone and eradication by allogeneic stem cell transplantation. Clin Cancer Res 2005; 11(19 Pt 1): 6787-92.
104. Sperr WR, Horny HP, Lechner K, Valent P. Clinical and biologic diversity of leukemias occurring in patients with mastocytosis [Review]. Leuk Lymphoma 2000; 37: 473-86.
105. Hennessy B, Giles F, Cortes J et al. Management of patients with systemic mastocytosis: review of M. D. Anderson Cancer Center experience [Review]. Am J Hematol 2004; 77: 209-14.
106. Slavin S, Nagler A, Naparstek E et al. Nonmyeloablative stem cell transplantation and cell therapy as an alternative to conventional bone marrow transplantation with lethal cytoreduction for the treatment of malignant and nonmalignant hematologic diseases. Blood 1998; 91: 756-63.
107. Alyea EP, Kim HT, Ho V et al. Impact of conditioning regimen intensity on outcome of allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation for advanced acute myelogenous leukemia and myelodysplastic syndrome. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2006; 12: 1047-55.
108. Martino R, Iacobelli S, Brand R et al. Retrospective comparison of reduced-intensity conditioning and conventional high-dose conditioning for allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation using HLA-identical sibling donors in myelodysplastic syndromes. Blood 2006; 108: 836-46. 844 Chapter 57.
109. Mohty M, Nagler A, Killmann NM. Reducedintensity conditioning allogeneic stem cell transplantation: hype, reality or time for a rethink?. Leukemia 2006; 20: 1653-4.
110. de Witte T, van Biezen A, Hermans J et al. Autologous bone marrow transplantation for patients with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) or acute myeloid leukemia following MDS. Blood 1997; 90: 3853-7.
111. Wattel E, Solary E, Leleu X et al. A prospective study of autologous bone marrow or peripheral blood stem cell transplantation after intensive chemotherapy in myelodysplastic syndromes. Leukemia 1999; 13: 524-9.
112. De Witte T, Suciu S, Verhoef G et al. Intensive chemotherapy followed by allogeneic or autologous stem cell transplantation for patients with myelodysplastic syndromes (MDSs) and acute myeloid leukemia following MDS. Blood 2001; 98: 2326-31.
113. Oosterveld M, Suciu S, Verhoef G et al. The presence of an HLA-identical sibling donor has no impact on outcome of patients with high-risk MDS or secondary AML (sAML) treated with intensive chemotherapy followed by transplantation: results of a prospective study of the EORTC, EBMT, SAKK and GIMEMA Leukemia Groups (EORTC study 06921). Leukemia 2003; 17: 859-68.
114. Anderson JE, Tefferi A, Craig F et al. Myeloablation and autologous peripheral blood stem cell rescue results in hematologic and clinical responses in patients with myeloid metaplasia with myelofibrosis. Blood 2001; 98: 586-93.
115. Bader P, Niemeyer C, Willasch A et al. Children with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and increasing mixed chimaerism after allogeneic stem cell transplantation have a poor outcome which can be improved by pre-emptive immunotherapy. Br J Haematol 2005; 128: 649-58.
116. Mielcarek M, Martin PJ, Maloney DG et al. Outcomes among patients with recurrent high-risk hematologic malignancy after nonmyeloablative versus myeloablative allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation [Abstract]. Blood 2006; 108(Pt 1): 81a, #262.
117. Radich JP, Gooley T, Sanders JE, Anasetti C, Chauncey T, Appelbaum FR. Second allogeneic transplantation after failure of first autologous transplantation. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2000; 6: 272-9.
118. Cutler CS, Lee SJ, Greenberg P et al. A decision analysis of allogeneic bone marrow transplantation for the myelodysplastic syndromes: delayed transplantation for low-risk myelodysplasia is associated with improved outcome. Blood 2004; 104: 579-85.
119. Nevill TJ, Fung HC, Shepherd JD et al. Cytogenetic abnormalities in primary myelodysplastic syndrome are highly predictive of outcome after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. Blood 1998; 92: 1910-17.
120. de Witte T, Hermans J, Vossen J et al. Haematopoietic stem cell transplantation for patients with myelo-dysplastic syndromes and secondary acute myeloid leukaemias: a report on behalf of the Chronic Leukaemia Working Party of the European Group for Blood and Marrow Transplantation (EBMT). Br J Haematol 2000; 110: 620-30.
121. Deeg HJ, Storer BE, Boeckh M et al. Reduced incidence of acute and chronic graft-versus-host disease with the addition of thymoglobulin to a targeted busulfan/cyclophosphamide regimen. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2006; 12: 573-84.
122. de Lima M, Anagnostopoulos A, Munsell M et al. Nonablative versus reduced-intensity conditioning regimens in the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia and high-risk myelodysplastic syndrome: dose is relevant for long-term disease control after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Blood 2004; 104: 865-72.