Soft tissue tumors associated with EWSR1 translocation

Virchows Archiv

Volumn 456, Issue 2, 2010, Pages 219-234

  Romeo, Salvatore ^a   Dei Tos, Angelo P ^a  

^a General Hospital of Treviso   (Italy)

Author keywords

EWSR1 gene; Sarcoma translocations; Soft tissue tumors

Indexed keywords

HISTONE DEACETYLASE INHIBITOR; HYBRID PROTEIN; MONOCLONAL ANTIBODY; NUCLEOSIDE ANALOG; R 1507; RNA BINDING PROTEIN EWS; TRABECTEDIN; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG; CALMODULIN BINDING PROTEIN; EWSR1 PROTEIN, HUMAN; RNA BINDING PROTEIN;

AMINO TERMINAL SEQUENCE; CANCER ADJUVANT THERAPY; CANCER CHEMOTHERAPY; CANCER MORPHOLOGY; CANCER RADIOTHERAPY; CANCER SURGERY; CANCER SURVIVAL; CARBOXY TERMINAL SEQUENCE; CHONDROSARCOMA; CHROMOSOME ANALYSIS; CHROMOSOME TRANSLOCATION; CLEAR CELL SARCOMA; CLINICAL TRIAL; DERMATOFIBROMA; DESMOPLASTIC SMALL ROUND CELL TUMOR; DIAGNOSTIC ACCURACY; DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS; DNA BINDING MOTIF; EWING SARCOMA; FLUORESCENCE IN SITU HYBRIDIZATION; GENE REARRANGEMENT; GENETIC ASSOCIATION; HUMAN; IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY; LYMPH NODE METASTASIS; MYXOSARCOMA; NEUROECTODERM TUMOR; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROGNOSIS; PROTEIN FUNCTION; RECURRENT CANCER; REVIEW; SOFT TISSUE TUMOR; STRUCTURE ANALYSIS; GENE FUSION; GENE TRANSLOCATION; GENETICS; PATHOLOGY; SARCOMA;

CALMODULIN-BINDING PROTEINS; GENE FUSION; HUMANS; RNA-BINDING PROTEINS; SARCOMA; TRANSLOCATION, GENETIC;

EID: 77950365088     PISSN: 09456317     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s00428-009-0854-3     Document Type: Review

References (124)

1. Delattre O, Zucman J, Plougastel B et al (1992) Gene fusion with an ETS DNA-binding domain caused by chromosome translocation in human tumours. Nature 359:162-165
2. Zucman J, Delattre O, Desmaze C et al (1992) Cloning and characterization of the Ewing's sarcoma and peripheral neuroepithelioma t(11;22) translocation breakpoints. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 5:271-277
3. Moller E, Stenman G, Mandahl N et al (2008) POU5F1, encoding a key regulator of stem cell pluripotency, is fused to EWSR1 in hidradenoma of the skin and mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the salivary glands. J Pathol 215:78-86
4. Plougastel B, Zucman J, Peter M et al (1993) Genomic structure of the EWS gene and its relationship to EWSR1, a site of tumor-associated chromosome translocation. Genomics 18:609-615
5. Bovée JVMG, Devilee P, Cornelisse CJ et al (1995) Identification of an EWS-pseudogene using translocation detection by RTPCR in Ewing's sarcoma. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 213:1051-1060
6. Bertolotti A, Lutz Y, Heard DJ et al (1996) hTAF(II)68, a novel RNA/ssDNA-binding protein with homology to the prooncoproteins TLS/FUS and EWS is associated with both TFIID and RNA polymerase II. EMBO J 15:5022-5031
7. Crozat A, Aman P, Mandahl P et al (1993) Fusion of CHOP a novel RNA-binding protein in human myxoid liposarcoma. Nature 363:640-644
8. Morohoshi F, Arai K, Takahashi EI et al (1996) Cloning and mapping of a human RBP56 gene encoding a putative RNA binding protein similar to FUS/TLS and EWS proteins. Genomics 38:51-57
9. Azuma M, Embree LJ, Sabaawy H et al (2007) Ewing sarcoma protein ewsr1 maintains mitotic integrity and proneural cell survival in the zebrafish embryo. PLoS ONE 2:e979
10. Stolow DT, Haynes SR (1995) Cabeza, a Drosophila gene encoding a novel RNA binding protein, shares homology with EWS and TLS, two genes involved in human sarcoma formation. Nucleic Acids Res 23:835-843
11. Riggi N, Cironi L, Suva ML et al (2007) Sarcomas: genetics, signalling, and cellular origins. Part 1: the fellowship of TET. J Pathol 213:4-20
12. Aman P, Panagopoulos I, Lassen C et al (1996) Expression patterns of the human sarcoma-associated genes FUS and EWS and the genomic structure of FUS. Genomics 37:1-8
13. Zakaryan RP, Gehring H (2006) Identification and characterization of the nuclear localization/retention signal in the EWS proto-oncoprotein. J Mol Biol 363:27-38
14. Bertolotti A, Melot T, Acker J et al (1998) EWS, but not EWSFLI- 1, is associated with both TFIID and RNA polymerase II: interactions between two members of the TET family, EWS and hTAFII68, and subunits of TFIID and RNA polymerase II complexes. Mol Cell Biol 18:1489-1497
15. Zhang D, Paley AJ, Childs G (1998) The transcriptional repressor ZFM1 interacts with and modulates the ability of EWS to activate transcription. J Biol Chem 273:18086-18091
16. Knoop LL, Baker SJ (2001) EWS/FLI alters 5-splice site selection. J Biol Chem 276:22317-22322
17. Knoop LL, Baker SJ (2000) The splicing factor U1C represses EWS/FLI-mediated transactivation. J Biol Chem 275:24865-24871
18. Leemann-Zakaryan RP, Pahlich S, Sedda MJ et al (2009) Dynamic subcellular localization of the Ewing sarcoma protooncoprotein and its association with and stabilization of microtubules. J Mol Biol 386:1-13
19. Li H, Watford W, Li C et al (2007) Ewing sarcoma gene EWS is essential for meiosis and B lymphocyte development. J Clin Invest 117:1314-1323
20. Thompson AD, Teitell MA, Arvand A et al (1999) Divergent Ewing's sarcoma EWS/ETS fusions confer a common tumorigenic phenotype on NIH3T3 cells. Oncogene 18:5506-5513
21. May WA, Arvand A, Thompson AD et al (1997) EWS/FLI1- induced manic fringe renders NIH 3T3 cells tumorigenic. Nat Genet 17:495-497
22. Ushigome S, Machinami R, Sorensen PH (2002) Ewing sarcoma/primitive neuroectodermal tumour (PNET). In: Fletcher CDM, Unni KK, Mertens F (eds) World Health Organization classification of tumours; pathology &genetics; tumours of soft tissue and bone. IARC Presss, Lyon, pp 298-300
23. Parham DM, Roloson GJ, Feely M et al (2001) Primary malignant neuroepithelial tumors of the kidney: a clinicopathologic analysis of 146 adult and pediatric cases from the National Wilms' Tumor Study Group Pathology Center. Am J Surg Pathol 25:133-146
24. Welsch T, Mechtersheimer G, Aulmann S et al (2006) Huge primitive neuroectodermal tumor of the pancreas: report of a case and review of the literature. World J Gastroenterol 12:6070-6073
25. Dedeurwaerdere F, Giannini C, Sciot R et al (2002) Primary peripheral PNET/Ewing's sarcoma of the dura: a clinicopathologic entity distinct from central PNET. Mod Pathol 15:673-678
26. Stout AP (1918) A tumor of the ulnar nerve. Proc N Y Pathol Soc 18:2-12
27. Askin FB, Rosai J, Sibley RK et al (1979) Malignant small cell tumor of the thoracopulmonary region in childhood: a distinctive clinicopathologic entity of uncertain histogenesis. Cancer 43:2438-2451
28. Ambros IM, Ambros PF, Strehl S et al (1991) MIC2 is a specific marker for Ewing's sarcoma and peripheral primitive neuroectodermal tumors: evidence for a common histogenesis of Ewing's sarcoma and peripheral primitive neuroectodermal tumors from MIC2 expression and specific chromosome aberration. Cancer 67:1886-1893
29. Dei Tos AP, Wadden C, Calonje E et al (1995) Immunohistochemical demonstration of glycoprotein p30/32mic2 (CD99) in synovial sarcoma. Appl Immunohistochem 3:168-173
30. Terrier-Lacombe MJ, Guillou L, Chibon F et al (2009) Superficial primitive Ewing's sarcoma: a clinicopathologic and molecular cytogenetic analysis of 14 cases. Mod Pathol 22:87-94
31. Hasegawa SL, Davison JM, Rutten A et al (1998) Primary cutaneous Ewing's sarcoma: immunophenotypic and molecular cytogenetic evaluation of five cases. Am J Surg Pathol 22:310-318
32. Nicholson SA, McDermott MB, Swanson PE et al (2000) CD99 and cytokeratin-20 in small-cell and basaloid tumors of the skin. Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol 8:37-41
33. Shing DC, McMullan DJ, Roberts P et al (2003) FUS/ERG gene fusions in Ewing's tumors. Cancer Res 63:4568-4576
34. Ng TL, O'Sullivan MJ, Pallen CJ et al (2007) Ewing sarcoma with novel translocation t(2;16) producing an in-frame fusion of FUS and FEV. J Mol Diagnostics 9:459-463
35. Aurias A, Rimbaut C, Buffe D et al (1983) Chromosomal translocations in Ewing's sarcoma. Letter to the editor. N Engl J Med 309:496-498
36. Lessnick SL, Dacwag CS, Golub TR (2002) The Ewing's sarcoma oncoprotein EWS/FLI induces a p53-dependent growth arrest in primary human fibroblasts. Cancer Cells 1:393-401
37. Kovar H (2005) Context matters: the hen or egg problem in Ewing's sarcoma. Semin Cancer Biol 15:189-196
38. Serrano M, Lin AW, McCurrach ME et al (1997) Oncogenic ras provokes premature cell senescence associated with accumulation of p53 and p16INK4a. Cell 88:593-602
39. Riggi N, Cironi L, Provero P et al (2005) Development of Ewing's sarcoma from primary bone marrow-derived mesenchymal progenitor cells. Cancer Res 65:11459-11468
40. Riggi N, Suva ML, Suva D et al (2008) EWS-FLI-1 expression triggers a Ewing's sarcoma initiation program in primary human mesenchymal stem cells. Cancer Res 68:2176-2185
41. Prieur A, Tirode F, Cohen P et al (2004) EWS/FLI-1 silencing and gene profiling of Ewing cells reveal downstream oncogenic pathways and a crucial role for repression of insulin-like growth factor binding protein 3. Mol Cell Biol 24:7275-7283
42. Tirode F, Laud-Duval K, Prieur A et al (2007) Mesenchymal stem cell features of Ewing tumors. Cancer Cells 11:421-429
43. Szuhai K, Ijszenga M, Tanke HJ et al (2006) Molecular cytogenetic characterization of four previously established and two newly established Ewing sarcoma cell lines. Cancer Genet Cytogenet 166:173-179
44. Szuhai K, Ijszenga M, De JD et al (2009) The NFATc2 gene is involved in a novel cloned translocation in a Ewing sarcoma variant that couples its function in immunology to oncology. Clin Cancer Res 15:2259-2268
45. Thorner P, Squire J, Chilton-MacNeill S et al (1996) Is the EWS/ FLI-1 fusion transcript specific for Ewing sarcoma and peripheral primitive neuroectodermal tumor? A report of four cases showing this transcript in a wider range of tumor types. Am J Pathol 148:1125-1138
46. Ed A, Kawai A, Healy JH et al (1998) EWS-FL11 fusion transcript structure is an independent determinant of prognosis in Ewing's sarcoma. J Clin Oncol 16:1248-1255
47. Mangham DC, Cannon A, Li XQ et al (1995) p53 overexpression in Ewing's sarcoma/primitive neuroectodermal tumour is an uncommon event. J Clin Pathol 48M:M79-M82
48. Ueda Y, Dockhorn-Dworniczak B, Blasius S et al (1993) Analysis of mutant P53 protein in osteosarcomas and other malignant and benign lesions of bone. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 119:172-178
49. Tsuchiya T, Sekine K, Hinohara S et al (2000) Analysis of the p16INK4, p14ARF, p15, TP53, and MDM2 genes and their prognostic implications in osteosarcoma and Ewing sarcoma. Cancer Genet Cytogenet 120:91-98
50. Wei G, Antonescu CR, de Alava E et al (2000) Prognostic impact of INK4A deletion in Ewing sarcoma. Cancer 89:793-799 (Pubitemid 30658578)
51. Romeo S, Debiec-Rychter M, Van GM et al (2009) Cell cycle/ apoptosis molecule expression correlates with imatinib response in patients with advanced gastrointestinal stromal tumors. Clin Cancer Res 15:4191-4198
52. Zogopoulos G, Teskey L, Sung L et al (2004) Ewing sarcoma: favourable results with combined modality therapy and conservative use of radiotherapy. Pediatr Blood Cancer 43:35-39
53. Schmidt D, Herrmann C, Jürgens H et al (1991) Malignant peripheral neuroectodermal tumor and its necessary distinction from Ewing's sarcoma. A report from the Kiel Pediatric Tumor Registry. Cancer 68:2251-2259
54. Parham DM, Hijazi Y, Steinberg SM et al (1999) Neuroectodermal differentiation in Ewing's sarcoma family of tumors does not predict tumor behavior. Hum Pathol 30:911-918
55. Terrier Ph, Henry-Amar M, Triche TJ et al (1995) Is neuroectodermal differentiation of Ewing's sarcoma of bone associated with an unfavourable prognosis? Eur J Cancer 31A:307-314
56. Toretsky JA, Kalebic T, Blakesley Vet al (1997) The insulin-like growth factor-I receptor is required for EWS/FLI-1 transformation of fibroblasts. J Biol Chem 272:30822-30827 (Pubitemid 27527522)
57. Toretsky JA, Steinberg SM, Thakar M et al (2001) Insulin-like growth factor type 1 (IGF-1) and IGF binding protein-3 in patients with Ewing sarcoma family of tumors. Cancer 92:2941-2947
58. Erkizan HV, Kong Y, Merchant M et al (2009) A small molecule blocking oncogenic protein EWS-FLI1 interaction with RNA helicase A inhibits growth of Ewing's sarcoma. Nat Med 15:750-756
59. Lessnick SL, Dei Tos AP, Sorensen PH et al (2009) Small round cell sarcomas. Semin Oncol 36:338-346
60. Antonescu CR, Gerald W (2002) Desmoplastic small round cell tumour. In: Fletcher CDM, Unni KK, Mertens F (eds) World Health Organisation classification of tumours, pathology and genetics, tumours of soft tissue and bone. pp 216-218
61. Parkash V, Gerald WL, Parma A et al (1995) Desmoplastic small round cell tumor of the pleura. Am J Surg Pathol 19:659-665
62. Cummings OW, Ulbright TM, Young RH et al (1997) Desmoplastic small round cell tumors of the paratesticular region. A report of six cases. Am J Surg Pathol 21:219-225
63. Wolf AN, Ladanyi M, Paull G et al (1999) The expanding clinical spectrum of desmoplastic small round-cell tumor: a report of two cases with molecular confirmation. Hum Pathol 30:430-435
64. Tison V, Cerasoli S, Morigi F et al (1996) Intracranial desmoplastic small-cell tumor. Report of a case. Am J Surg Pathol 20:112-117
65. Neder L, Scheithauer BW, Turel KE et al (2009) Desmoplastic small round cell tumor of the central nervous system: report of two cases and review of the literature. Virchows Arch 454:431-439
66. Adsay V, Cheng J, Athanasian E et al (1999) Primary desmoplastic small cell tumor of soft tissues and bone of the hand. Am J Surg Pathol 23:1408-1413
67. Hamazaki M, Okita H, Hata J et al (2006) Desmoplastic small cell tumor of soft tissue: molecular variant of EWS-WT1 chimeric fusion. Pathol Int 56:543-548
68. Murphy AJ, Bishop K, Pereira C et al (2008) A new molecular variant of desmoplastic small round cell tumor: significance of WT1 immunostaining in this entity. Hum Pathol 39:1763-1770
69. Slomovitz BM, Girotra M, Aledo A et al (2000) Desmoplastic small round cell tumor with primary ovarian involvement: case report and review. Gynecol Oncol 79:124-128
70. Bismar TA, Basturk O, Gerald WL et al (2004) Desmoplastic small cell tumor in the pancreas. Am J Surg Pathol 28:808-812
71. Su MC, Jeng YM, Chu YC (2004) Desmoplastic small round cell tumor of the kidney. Am J Surg Pathol 28:1379-1383
72. Wang LL, Perlman EJ, Vujanic GM et al (2007) Desmoplastic small round cell tumor of the kidney in childhood. Am J Surg Pathol 31:576-584
73. Stuart-Buttle CE, Smart CJ, Pritchard S et al (2008) Desmoplastic small round cell tumour: a review of literature and treatment options. Surg Oncol 17:107-112
74. Ordonez NG (1998) Desmoplastic small round cell tumor. I: a histopathologic study of 39 cases with emphasis on unusual histological patterns. Am J Surg Pathol 22:1303-1313
75. Gerald WL, Miller HK, Battifora H et al (1991) Intra-abdominal desmoplastic small round-cell tumor. Report of 19 cases of a distinctive type of high-grade polyphenotypic malignancy affecting young individuals. Am J Surg Pathol 15:499-513
76. Gerald WL, Ladanyi M, de Alava E et al (1998) Clinical, pathologic, and molecular spectrum of tumors associated with t (11;22)(p13;q12): desmoplastic small round-cell tumor and its variants. J Clin Oncol 16:3028-3036
77. Ordonez NG (1998) Desmoplastic small round cell tumor. II: an ultrastructural and immunohistochemical study with emphasis on new immunohistochemical markers. Am J Surg Pathol 22:1314-1327
78. Lee SB, Kolquist KA, Nichols K et al (1997) The EWS-WT1 translocation product induces PDGFA in desmoplastic small round-cell tumour. Na Genet 17:309-313
79. Werner H, Idelman G, Rubinstein M et al (2007) A novel EWSWT1 gene fusion product in desmoplastic small round cell tumor is a potent transactivator of the insulin-like growth factor-I receptor (IGF-IR) gene. Cancer Lett 247:84-90
80. Wong JC, Lee SB, Bell MD et al (2002) Induction of the interleukin-2/15 receptor beta-chain by the EWS-WT1 translocation product. Oncogene 21:2009-2019
81. Sawyer JR, Tryka AF, Lewis JM (1992) A novel reciprocal chromosome translocation t(11;22)(p13;q12) in an intraabdominal desmoplastic small round-cell tumor. Am J Surg Pathol 16:411-416
82. Alaggio R, Rosolen A, Sartori F et al (2007) Spindle cell tumor with EWS-WT1 transcript and a favorable clinical course: a variant of DSCT, a variant of leiomyosarcoma, or a new entity? Report of 2 pediatric cases. Am J Surg Pathol 31:454-459
83. Katz RL, Quezado M, Senderowicz AM et al (1997) An intraabdominal small round cell neoplasm with features of primitive neuroectodermal and desmoplastic round cell tumor and a EWS/ FLI-1 fusion transcript. Hum Pathol 28:502-509
84. Li H, Smolen GA, Beers LF et al (2008) Adenosine transporter ENT4 is a direct target of EWS/WT1 translocation product and is highly expressed in desmoplastic small round cell tumor. PLoS ONE 3:e2353
85. Antonescu CR, Nafa K, Segal NH et al (2006) EWS-CREB1: a recurrent variant fusion in clear cell sarcoma association with gastrointestinal location and absence of melanocytic differentiation. Clin Cancer Res 12:5356-5362
86. Zambrano E, Reyes-Mugica M, Franchi A et al (2003) An osteoclast-rich tumor of the gastrointestinal tract with features resembling clear cell sarcoma of soft parts: reports of 6 cases of a GIST simulator. Int J Surg Pathol 11:75-81
87. Schaefer KL, Brachwitz K, Wai DH et al (2004) Expression profiling of t(12;22) positive clear cell sarcoma of soft tissue cell lines reveals characteristic up-regulation of potential new marker genes including ERBB3. Cancer Res 64:3395-3405
88. Segal NH, Pavlidis P, Noble WS et al (2003) Classification of clear-cell sarcoma as a subtype of melanoma by genomic profiling. J Clin Oncol 21:1775-1781
89. Langezaal SM, Graadt van Roggen JF, Cleton-Jansen AM et al (2001) Malignant melanoma is genetically distinct from clear cell sarcoma of tendons and aponeurosis (malignant melanoma of soft parts). Br J Cancer 84:535-538
90. Graadt van Roggen JF, Mooi WJ, Hogendoorn PCW (1998) Clear cell sarcoma of tendons and aponeuroses (malignant melanoma of soft parts) and cutaneous melanoma: exploring the histogenetic relationship between these two clinicopathological entities. J Pathol 186:3-7
91. Antonescu CR, Tschernyavsky SJ, Woodruff JM et al (2002) Molecular diagnosis of clear cell sarcoma: detection of EWSATF1 and MITF-M transcripts and histopathological and ultrastructural analysis of 12 cases. J Mol Diagnostics 4:44-52
92. Zucman J, Delattre O, Desmaze C et al (1993) EWS and ATF-1 gene fusion induced by t(12;22) translocation in malignant melanoma of soft parts. Nat Genet 4:341-345
93. Xie S, Price JE, Luca M et al (1997) Dominant-negative CREB inhibits tumor growth and metastasis of human melanoma cells. Oncogene 15:2069-2075 (Pubitemid 27489134)
94. Yokoyama S, Feige E, Poling LL et al (2008) Pharmacologic suppression of MITF expression via HDAC inhibitors in the melanocyte lineage. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 21:457-463
95. Lucas DR, Heim S (2002) Extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcoma. In: Fletcher CDM, Unni KK, Mertens F (eds) Pathology &genetics. Tumours of soft tissue and bone. IARC Press, Lyon, pp 213-215
96. Aigner T, Oliveira AM, Nascimento AG (2004) Extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcomas do not show a chondrocytic phenotype. Mod Pathol 17:214-221
97. Subramanian S, West RB, Marinelli RJ et al (2005) The gene expression profile of extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcoma. J Pathol 206:433-444
98. Turc-Carel C, Dal Cin P, Rao U et al (1988) Recurrent breakpoints at 9q31 and 22q12.2 in extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcoma. Cancer Genet Cytogenet 30:145-150
99. Panagopoulos I, Mertens F, Isaksson M et al (2002) Molecular genetic characterization of the EWS/CHN and RBP56/CHN fusion genes in extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcoma. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 35:340-352
100. Filion C, Motoi T, Olshen AB et al (2009) The EWSR1/NR4A3 fusion protein of extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcoma activates the PPARG nuclear receptor gene. J Pathol 217:83-93
101. Fanburg-Smith JC, Dal Cin P (2002) Angiomatoid fibrous histiocytoma. In: Fletcher CDM, Unni KK, Mertens F (eds) World Health Organisation classification of tumours. Pathology and genetics of tumours of soft tissue and bone. IARC Press, Lyon, pp 194-195
102. Rossi S, Szuhai K, Ijszenga M et al (2007) EWSR1-CREB1 and EWSR1-ATF1 fusion genes in angiomatoid fibrous histiocytoma. Clin Cancer Res 13:7322-7328
103. Antonescu CR, Dal CP, Nafa K et al (2007) EWSR1-CREB1 is the predominant gene fusion in angiomatoid fibrous histiocytoma. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 46:1051-1060 (Pubitemid 47614539)
104. Antonescu CR, Ladanyi M (2002) Myxoid Liposarcoma. In: Fletcher CDM, Unni KK, Mertens F (eds) World Health Organisation classification of tumours. Pathology and genetics of tumours of soft tissue and bone. IARC Press, Lyon, pp 40-43
105. Kilpatrick SE, Doyon J, Choong PFM et al (1996) The clinicopathologic spectrum of myxoid and round cell liposarcoma. A study of 95 cases. Cancer 77:1450-1458 (Pubitemid 26105379)
106. Smith TA, Easley KA, Goldblum JR (1996) Myxoid/round cell liposarcoma of the extremities. A clinicopathologic study of 29 cases with particular attention to extent of round cell liposarcoma. Am J Surg Pathol 20:171-180
107. Dei Tos AP, Wadden C, Fletcher CDM (1996) S-100 protein staining in liposarcoma. Its diagnostic utility in the high grade myxoid (round cell) variant. Appl Immunohistochem 4:95-101 (Pubitemid 26196210)
108. Orvieto E, Furlanetto A, Laurino L et al (2001) Myxoid and round cell liposarcoma: a spectrum of myxoid adipocytic neoplasia. Semin Diagn Pathol 18:267-273 (Pubitemid 33089754)
109. Tallini G, Rosai J, Fletcher CDM et al (1995) Myxoid liposarcoma represents a distinct type of liposarcoma characterised by the specific cytogenetic translocation t(12; 16)(q13; p11). Mod Pathol 8
110. Knight JC, Renwick PJ, Dal Cin P et al (1995) Translocation t (12;16)(q13;p11) in myxoid liposarcoma and round cell liposarcma: molecular and cytogenetic analysis. Cancer Res 55:24-27
111. Panagopoulos I, Hoglund M, Mertens F et al (1996) Fusion of the EWS and CHOP genes in myxoid liposarcoma. Oncogene 12:489-494 (Pubitemid 26059642)
112. Engstrom K, Willen H, Kabjorn-Gustafsson C et al (2006) The myxoid/round cell liposarcoma fusion oncogene FUS-DDIT3 and the normal DDIT3 induce a liposarcoma phenotype in transfected human fibrosarcoma cells. Am J Pathol 168:1642-1653
113. Antonescu CR, Tschernyavsky SJ, Decuseara R et al (2001) Prognostic impact of P53 status, TLS-CHOP fusion transcript structure, and histological grade in myxoid liposarcoma: a molecular and clinicopathologic study of 82 cases. Clin Cancer Res 7:3977-3987 (Pubitemid 34044616)
114. Schwab JH, Boland P, Guo T et al (2007) Skeletal metastases in myxoid liposarcoma: an unusual pattern of distant spread. Ann Surg Oncol 14:1507-1514 (Pubitemid 46536828)
115. Grosso F, Jones RL, Demetri GD et al (2007) Efficacy of trabectedin (ecteinascidin-743) in advanced pretreated myxoid liposarcomas: a retrospective study. Lancet Oncol 8:595-602 (Pubitemid 46995623)
116. Forni C, Minuzzo M, Virdis E et al (2009) Trabectedin (ET-743) promotes differentiation in myxoid liposarcoma tumors. Mol Cancer Ther
117. Lawrence B, Perez-Atayde A, Hibbard MK et al (2000) TPM3- ALK and TPM4-ALK oncogenes in inflammatory myofibroblastic tumors. Am J Pathol 157:377-384 (Pubitemid 30627557)
118. Lamant L, Dastugue N, Pulford K et al (1999) A new fusion gene TPM3-ALK in anaplastic large cell lymphoma created by a (1;2)(q25;p23) translocation. Blood 93:3088-3095 (Pubitemid 29200802)
119. Knezevich SR, McFadden DE, Tao W et al (1998) A novel ETV6-NTRK3 gene fusion in congenital fibrosarcoma. Nat Genet 18:184-187 (Pubitemid 28082471)
120. Knezevich SR, Garnett MJ, Pysher TJ et al (1998) ETV6- NTRK3 gene fusions and trisomy 11 establish a histogenetic link between mesoblastic nephroma and congenital fibrosarcoma. Cancer Res 58:5046-5048
121. Tognon C, Knezevich SR, Huntsman D et al (2002) Expression of the ETV6-NTRK3 gene fusion as a primary event in human secretory breast carcinoma. Cancer Cells 2:367-376 (Pubitemid 41039103)
122. Eguchi M, Eguchi-Ishimae M, Tojo A et al (1999) Fusion of ETV6 to neurotrophin-3 receptor TRKC in acute myeloid leukemia with t(12;15)(p13;q25). Blood 93:1355-1363 (Pubitemid 29076151)
123. Argani P, Antonescu CR, Illei PB et al (2001) Primary renal neoplasms with the ASPL-TFE3 gene fusion of alveolar soft part sarcoma: a distinctive tumor entity previously included among renal cell carcinomas of children and adolescents. Am J Pathol 159:179-192 (Pubitemid 33704203)
124. Ladanyi M, Lui MY, Antonescu CR et al (2001) The der(17)t (X;17)(p11;q25) of human alveolar soft part sarcoma fuses the TFE3 transcription factor gene to ASPL, a novel gene at 17q25. Oncogene 20:48-57 (Pubitemid 32142337)