The role of antibacterial therapy in atopic eczema

Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy

Volumn 11, Issue 6, 2010, Pages 929-936

  Schnopp, Christina ^a   Ring, Johannes ^a   Mempel, Martin ^a  

^a TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY OF MUNICH   (Germany)

Author keywords

Atopic; Eczema; Staphylococcus aureus

Indexed keywords

BETAMETHASONE VALERATE; CEFADROXIL; CEFALEXIN; CEFUROXIME AXETIL; CHLORHEXIDINE GLUCONATE; DIDECYLDIMETHYLAMMONIUM CHLORIDE; DUOGALEN; FLUCLOXACILLIN; FUSIDIC ACID; HYDROCORTISONE ACETATE; HYDROCORTISONE BUTYRATE; HYPOCHLORITE SODIUM; OCTENIDINE; PERMANGANATE POTASSIUM; PLACEBO; POVIDONE IODINE; PREDNICARBATE; PSEUDOMONIC ACID; SICORTEN PLUS; TETRACYCLINE; TRIAMCINOLONE ACETONIDE; TRICLOSAN; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG;

ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY; ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE; ANTIMICROBIAL THERAPY; ATOPIC DERMATITIS; BACTERIAL COLONIZATION; BALNEOTHERAPY; CELLULITIS; CLINICAL TRIAL; CONTACT ALLERGY; CONTROLLED CLINICAL TRIAL; DISEASE ACTIVITY; DISEASE SEVERITY; DRUG EFFICACY; DRUG SAFETY; HUMAN; NONHUMAN; PROTECTIVE CLOTHING; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL; REVIEW; RISK ASSESSMENT; SEPTICEMIA; SKIN DECONTAMINATION; SKIN DEFECT; SKIN INFECTION; STAPHYLOCOCCUS INFECTION; TREATMENT OUTCOME;

ADMINISTRATION, TOPICAL; ANTI-BACTERIAL AGENTS; ANTI-INFECTIVE AGENTS, LOCAL; ANTI-INFLAMMATORY AGENTS; DERMATITIS, ATOPIC; DRUG THERAPY, COMBINATION; EVIDENCE-BASED MEDICINE; HUMANS; STAPHYLOCOCCAL SKIN INFECTIONS; TREATMENT OUTCOME;

EID: 77949879388     PISSN: 14656566     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1517/14656561003659992     Document Type: Review

References (54)

1. Leyden JJ, Marples RR, Kligman AM. Staphylococcus aureus in the lesions of atopic dermatitis. Br J Dermatol 1974;90(5):525-530
2. Aly R, Maibach HI, Shinefield HR. Microbial flora of atopic dermatitis. Arch Dermatol 1977;113(6):780-782
3. Mempel M, Lina G, Hojka M, et al. High prevalence of superantigens associated with the egc locus in Staphylococcus aureus isolates from patients with atopic eczema. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2003;22(5):306-309
4. Breuer K, S HA, Kapp A, Werfel T. Staphylococcus aureus: colonizing features and influence of an antibacterial treatment in adults with atopic dermatitis. Br J Dermatol 2002;147(1):55-61
5. Hoeger PH, Lenz W, Boutonnier A, Fournier JM. Staphylococcal skin colonization in children with atopic dermatitis: prevalence, persistence, and transmission of toxigenic and nontoxigenic strains. J Infect Dis 1992;165(6):1064-1068
6. Cho SH, Strickland I, Boguniewicz M, Leung DY. Fibronectin and fibrinogen contribute to the enhanced binding of Staphylococcus aureus to atopic skin. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2001;108(2):269-274
7. Kisich KO, Carspecken CW, Fieve S, et al. Defective killing of Staphylococcus aureus in atopic dermatitis is associated with reduced mobilization of human beta-defensin-3. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2008;122(1):62-68
8. Mrabet-Dahbi S, Dalpke AH, Niebuhr M, et al. The Toll-like receptor 2 R753Q mutation modifies cytokine production and Toll-like receptor expression in atopic dermatitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2008;121(4):1013-1019
9. Bunikowski R, Mielke ME, Skarabis H, et al. Evidence for a disease-promoting effect of Staphylococcus aureus-derived exotoxins in atopic dermatitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2000;105(4):814-819
10. Bieber T. Atopic dermatitis. N Engl J Med 2008;358(14):1483-1494
11. Mempel M, Schnopp C. Die Bedeutung von Staphylococcus aureus für das atopische Ekzem. Allergo J 2006;15:553-558
12. Hayakawa K, Hirahara K, Fukuda T, et al. Risk factors for severe impetiginized atopic dermatitis in Japan and assessment of its microbiological features. Clin Exp Dermatol 2009;34(5):e63-5
13. Pournaras CC, Lubbe J, Saurat JH. Staphylococcal colonization in atopic dermatitis treatment with topical tacrolimus (Fk506). J Invest Dermatol 2001;116(3):480-481
14. Stalder JF, Fleury M, Sourisse M, et al. Local steroid therapy and bacterial skin flora in atopic dermatitis. Br J Dermatol 1994;131(4):536-540
15. Birnie AJ, Bath-Hextall FJ, Ravenscroft JC, Williams HC. Interventions to reduce Staphylococcus aureus in the management of atopic eczema. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2008(3):CD003871
16. Hoeger PH, Ganschow R, Finger G. Staphylococcal septicemia in children with atopic dermatitis. Pediatr Dermatol 2000;17(2):111-114
17. Weinberg E, Fourie B, Allmann B, Toerien A. The use of cefadroxil in superinfected atopic dermatitis. Curr Ther Res 1992;52(5):671-676
18. Ewing CI, Ashcroft C, Gibbs AC, et al. Flucloxacillin in the treatment of atopic dermatitis. Br J Dermatol 1998;138(6):1022-1029
19. Boguniewicz M, Sampson H, Leung SB, et al. Effects of cefuroxime axetil on Staphylococcus aureus colonization and superantigen production in atopic dermatitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2001;108(4):651-652
20. Lever R, Hadley K, Downey D, Mackie R. Staphylococcal colonization in atopic dermatitis and the effect of topical mupirocin therapy. Br J Dermatol 1988;119(2):189-198
21. Gong JQ, Lin L, Lin T, et al. Skin colonization by Staphylococcus aureus in patients with eczema and atopic dermatitis and relevant combined topical therapy: a double-blind multicentre randomized controlled trial. Br J Dermatol 2006;155(4):680-687
22. Ramsay CA, Savoie JM, Gilbert M, et al. The treatment of atopic dermatitis with topical fusidic acid and hydrocortisone acetate. JEADV 1996;7(Suppl 1):S15-22
23. Korting HC, Zienicke H, Braun-Falco O, et al. Modern topical glucocorticoids and anti-infectives for superinfected atopic eczema: do prednicarbate and didecyldimethylammoniumchloride form a rational combination? Infection 1994;22(6):390-394
24. Schuttelaar ML, Coenraads PJ. A randomized, double-blind study to assess the efficacy of addition of tetracycline to triamcinolone acetonide in the treatment of moderate to severe atopic dermatitis. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2008;22(9):1076-1082
25. Yang LP, Keam SJ. Retapamulin: a review of its use in the management of impetigo and other uncomplicated superficial skin infections. Drugs 2008;68(6):855-873
26. Gloor M, Becker A, Wasik B, Kniehl E. Triclosan, a topical dermatologic agent. In vitro-and in vivo studies on the effectiveness of a new preparation in the New German Formulary. Hautarzt 2002;53(11):724-729
27. Moss T, Howes D, Williams FM. Percutaneous penetration and dermal metabolism of triclosan (2,4, 4¢-trichloro-2¢-hydroxydiphenyl ether). Food Chem Toxicol 2000;38(4):361-370
28. Allmyr M, Adolfsson-Erici M, McLachlan MS, Sandborgh-Englund G. Triclosan in plasma and milk from Swedish nursing mothers and their exposure via personal care products. Sci Total Environ 2006;372(1):87-93
29. Latch DE, Packer JL, Stender BL, et al. Aqueous photochemistry of triclosan: formation of 2,4-dichlorophenol, 2,8-dichlorodibenzo-p-dioxin, and oligomerization products. Environ Toxicol Chem 2005;24(3):517-525
30. Delorenzo ME, Keller JM, Arthur CD, et al. Toxicity of the antimicrobial compound triclosan and formation of the metabolite methyl-triclosan in estuarine systems. Environ Toxicol 2008;23(2):224-232
31. Tan WP, Suresh S, Tey HL, et al. A randomized double-blind controlled trial to compare a triclosan-containing emollient with vehicle for the treatment of atopic dermatitis. Clin Exp Dermatol 2009. [Epub 19 Oct]
32. Breneman DL, Hanifin JM, Berge CA, et al. The effect of antibacterial soap with 1.5% triclocarban on Staphylococcus aureus in patients with atopic dermatitis. Cutis 2000;66(4):296-300
33. Stalder JF, Fleury M, Sourisse M, et al. Comparative effects of two topical antiseptics (chlorhexidine vs KMn04) on bacterial skin flora in atopic dermatitis. Acta Derm Venereol Suppl (Stockh) 1992;176:132-134
34. Jee R, Nel L, Gnanakumaran G, et al. Four cases of anaphylaxis to chlorhexidine impregnated central venous catheters: a case cluster or the tip of the iceberg? Br J Anaesth 2009;103(4):614-615
35. Nagendran V, Wicking J, Ekbote A, et al. IgE-mediated chlorhexidine allergy: a new occupational hazard? Occup Med (Lond) 2009;59(4):270-272
36. Garvey LH, Kroigaard M, Poulsen LK, et al. IgE-mediated allergy to chlorhexidine. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2007;120(2):409-415
37. Huang JT, Abrams M, Tlougan B, et al. Treatment of Staphylococcus aureus colonization in atopic dermatitis decreases disease severity. Pediatrics 2009;123(5):e808-14
38. Sugimoto K, Ishikawa N, Terano T, et al. The importance of bacterial superantigens produced by Staphylococcus aureus in the treatment of atopic dermatitis using povidone-iodine. Dermatology 2006;212(Suppl 1):26-34
39. Sugimoto K, Kuroki H, Kanazawa M, et al. New successful treatment with disinfectant for atopic dermatitis. Dermatology 1997;195(Suppl 2):62-68
40. Akiyama H, Tada J, Toi J, et al. Changes in Staphylococcus aureus density and lesion severity after topical application of povidone-iodine in cases of atopic dermatitis. J Dermatol Sci 1997;16(1):23-30
41. Steen M. Review of the use of povidone-iodine (PVP-I) in the treatment of burns. Postgrad Med J 1993;69(Suppl 3):S84-92
42. Wilson JR, Mills JG, Prather ID, Dimitrijevich SD. A toxicity index of skin and wound cleansers used on in vitro fibroblasts and keratinocytes. Adv Skin Wound Care 2005;18(7):373-378
43. Nobukuni K, Hayakawa N, Namba R, et al. The influence of long-term treatment with povidone-iodine on thyroid function. Dermatology 1997;195(Suppl 2):69-72
44. Jappe U, Schnuch A, Uter W. Frequency of sensitization to antimicrobials in patients with atopic eczema compared with nonatopic individuals: analysis of multicentre surveillance data, 1995-1999. Br J Dermatol 2003;149(1):87-93
45. Juenger M, Ladwig A, Staecker S, et al. Efficacy and safety of silver textile in the treatment of atopic dermatitis (AD). Curr Med Res Opin 2006;22(4):739-750
46. Gauger A, Mempel M, Schekatz A, et al. Silver-coated textiles reduce Staphylococcus aureus colonization in patients with atopic eczema. Dermatology 2003;207(1):15-21
47. Gauger A. Silver-coated textiles in the therapy of atopic eczema. Curr Probl Dermatol 2006;33:152-164
48. Birla SS, Tiwari VV, Gade AK, et al. Fabrication of silver nanoparticles by Phoma glomerata and its combined effect against Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus. Lett Appl Microbiol 2009;48(2):173-179
49. Koller DY, Halmerbauer G, Bock A, Engstler G. Action of a silk fabric treated with AEGIS in children with atopic dermatitis: a 3-month trial. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2007;18(4):335-338
50. Stinco G, Piccirillo F, Valent F. A randomized double-blind study to investigate the clinical efficacy of adding a non-migrating antimicrobial to a special silk fabric in the treatment of atopic dermatitis. Dermatology 2008;217(3):191-195
51. Ricci G, Patrizi A, Mandrioli P, et al. Evaluation of the antibacterial activity of a special silk textile in the treatment of atopic dermatitis. Dermatology 2006;213(3):224-227
52. Boguniewicz M, Leung DYM. Pathophysiologic mechanisms in atopic dermatitis. Semin Cutan Med Surg 2001;20:217-225
53. Harper J. Double-blind comparison of an antiseptic oil-based bath additive (Oilatum Plus) with regular Oilatum (Oilatum Emollient) for the treatment of atopic eczema. The bacteriology of eczema. The Royal Society of Medicine Press Ltd., London; 1995
54. Holland KT, Bojar RA, Cunliffe WJ, et al. A comparison of the effect of treatment of atopic eczema with and without antimicrobial compounds. The bacteriology of eczema. The Royal Society of Medicine Press Ltd., London; 1995