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The combination of chiral Brønsted acid and boron Lewis acid has recently been reported as a new Brønsted acid of singular structure: (a) Gao, L, Hwang, G.-S, Lee, M. Y, Ryu, D. H. Chem. Commun. 2009, 5460
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The combination of chiral Brønsted acid and boron Lewis acid has recently been reported as a new Brønsted acid of singular structure: (a) Gao, L.; Hwang, G.-S.; Lee, M. Y.; Ryu, D. H. Chem. Commun. 2009, 5460.
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After our original submission, Xia and Huang reported the enantioselective addition of indole nucleophiles to unsaturated α-hydroxy ketones using a chiral phosphoric acid-iron(III) system. The phosphoric acid is also a phosphate ligand for the metal according to this study: Yang, L.; Zhu, Q.; Guo, S.; Qian, B.; Xia, C.; Huang, H. Chem.-Eur. J. 2010, 16, 1638.
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(c) After our original submission, Xia and Huang reported the enantioselective addition of indole nucleophiles to unsaturated α-hydroxy ketones using a chiral phosphoric acid-iron(III) system. The phosphoric acid is also a phosphate ligand for the metal according to this study: Yang, L.; Zhu, Q.; Guo, S.; Qian, B.; Xia, C.; Huang, H. Chem.-Eur. J. 2010, 16, 1638.
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45749136440
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For other recent examples using the combined chiral Brønsted acid and transition metal, see: a
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For other recent examples using the combined chiral Brønsted acid and transition metal, see: (a) Hu, W.; Xu, X.; Zhou, J.; Liu, W.-J.; Huang, H.; Hu, J.; Yang, L.; Gong, L.-Z. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2008, 130, 7782.
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For a review on metal fluoride complexes in asymmetric catalysis, see: Pagenkopf, B. L.; Carreira, E. M. Chem.-Eur. J. 1999, 5, 3437. For one recent example, see: Hamada, T.; Manabe, K.; Kobayashi, S. Chem.-Eur. J. 2006, 12, 1205.
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For a review on metal fluoride complexes in asymmetric catalysis, see: Pagenkopf, B. L.; Carreira, E. M. Chem.-Eur. J. 1999, 5, 3437. For one recent example, see: Hamada, T.; Manabe, K.; Kobayashi, S. Chem.-Eur. J. 2006, 12, 1205.
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77749236579
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2 is very soluble under the reaction conditions and homogeneous reactions were generally observed in our experiments.
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2 is very soluble under the reaction conditions and homogeneous reactions were generally observed in our experiments.
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39
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77749251361
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The real active catalytic species remains unclear and awaits further study
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The real active catalytic species remains unclear and awaits further study.
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40
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77749300802
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N-Methylindole has also been examined. Instead of the desired 1,4addition product, this reaction gave regioselectively 1,2-addition product. Further exploration along this line is underway.
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N-Methylindole has also been examined. Instead of the desired 1,4addition product, this reaction gave regioselectively 1,2-addition product. Further exploration along this line is underway.
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41
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2 (5 mol %). The reaction afforded the desired products 4g and 4l with 94% and 94% ee, respectively, almost the same as listed in Table 2 (entry 7) and Table 3 (entry 2), suggesting a common stereocontrol mode in these two reactions. In this instance, indole was consumed in less than 1 h, but there was only ca. 10% conversion for phenol 2a.
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2 (5 mol %). The reaction afforded the desired products 4g and 4l with 94% and 94% ee, respectively, almost the same as listed in Table 2 (entry 7) and Table 3 (entry 2), suggesting a common stereocontrol mode in these two reactions. In this instance, indole was consumed in less than 1 h, but there was only ca. 10% conversion for phenol 2a.
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