Medicine, poison, and mystic potion: A personal perspective on paracetamol louis roche lecture, Stockholm, 2009

Clinical Toxicology

Volumn 48, Issue 2, 2010, Pages 97-103

  Bateman, D Nicholas ^a   Dear, James ^b  

^a ROYAL INFIRMARY OF EDINBURGH   (United Kingdom)

^b UNIVERSITY OF EDINBURGH   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Acetaminophen; Acute poisoning; Antidote; Paracetamol

Indexed keywords

ACETYLCYSTEINE; ALANINE AMINOTRANSFERASE; ANTIDOTE; EDETIC ACID; HISTAMINE; INTERLEUKIN 1; MERCAPTAMINE; METHIONINE; PARACETAMOL; PHENACETIN; TOLL LIKE RECEPTOR 4; TOLL LIKE RECEPTOR 9;

ALANINE AMINOTRANSFERASE BLOOD LEVEL; ANAPHYLAXIS; CELL DEATH; CYTOKINE PRODUCTION; DRUG BLOOD LEVEL; DRUG EFFICACY; DRUG FATALITY; DRUG HALF LIFE; DRUG INTOXICATION; DRUG OVERDOSE; DRUG URINE LEVEL; GASTROINTESTINAL SYMPTOM; HUMAN; INTERNATIONAL NORMALIZED RATIO; KIDNEY FUNCTION; KIDNEY INJURY; LIVER INJURY; NAUSEA; PATIENT IDENTIFICATION; RESPIRATORY TRACT DISEASE; REVIEW; RISK ASSESSMENT; SKIN DISEASE; THORAX PAIN; UNSPECIFIED SIDE EFFECT; VOMITING;

ACETAMINOPHEN; ACETYLCYSTEINE; ANALGESICS, NON-NARCOTIC; ANIMALS; ANTIDOTES; DRUG-INDUCED LIVER INJURY; HISTORY, 19TH CENTURY; HISTORY, 20TH CENTURY; HISTORY, 21ST CENTURY; HUMANS; RISK FACTORS;

ANIMALIA;

EID: 77749240123     PISSN: 15563650     EISSN: 15569519     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3109/15563651003610179     Document Type: Review

References (40)

1. Persson H. European Association of Poisons Centres and Clinical Toxicologists a perspective over four decades, 1964-2004. EAPCCT 2004. http://www.eapact.org. Accessed 10 March 2009.
2. Bertolini A, Ferrari A, Ottani A, Guerzoni S, Tacchi R, Leone S. Paracetamol: new vistas of an old drug. CNS Drug Rev 2006; 12:250-275.
3. Brodie BB, Axelrod J. The fate of acetanilide in man. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1948; 94:29-38.
4. Davidson DGD, Eastham WN. Acute liver necrosis following overdose of paracetamol. BMJ 1966; 2:497-499.
5. Thomson JS, Prescott LF. Liver damage and impaired glucose tolerance after paracetamol overdosage. BMJ 1966; 2:506-507.
6. Prescott LF, Roscoe P, Wright N, Brown S. Plasma paracetamol half-life and hepatic necrosis in patients with paracetamol overdosage. Lancet 1971; 1:519-522.
7. Prescott LF. Prevention of hepatic necrosis following paracetamol overdosage. Health Bull 1978; 36:204-212.
8. Mitchell J, Jollow D, Potter W, Gilette J, Brodie BB. Acetaminophen induced hepatic necrosis. Protective role of glutathione. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1973; 187:211-217.
9. Prescott LF, Illingworth RN, Critchley JA, Stewart MJ, Adam RD, Proudfoot AT. Intravenous N-acetylcystine: the treatment of choice for paracetamol poisoning. BMJ 1979; 2:1097-1100.
10. Vale J, Meredith T, Goulding R. Treatment of acetaminophen poisoning. The use of oral methionine. Arch Intern Med 1981; 141:394-396.
11. Douglas A, Hamlyn A, James O. Controlled trial of cysteamine in treatment of acute paracetamol (acetaminophen) poisoning. Lancet 1976; 1:111-115.
12. Rumack BH, Matthew H. Acetaminophen poisoning and toxicity. Pediatrics 1975; 55:871-876.
13. Rumack BH. Acetaminophen hepatotoxicity: the first 35 years. J Toxicol Clin Toxicol 2002; 40:3-20.
14. Walton N, Mann T, Shaw K. Anaphylactoid reaction to N-acetylcysteine. Lancet 1979; 2:1298.
15. Mant T, Tempowski J, Volans G, Talbot J. Adverse reactions to acetyl-cysteine and effects of overdose. BMJ 1984; 289:217-219.
16. Bateman DN, Woodhouse K, Rawlins M. Adverse reactions to N-acetylcysteine. Hum Toxicol. 1984; 3:393-398.
17. British Medical Association and Royal Pharmaceutical Society of great Britain. British National Formulary. 58th ed. UK: BMJ and RPSGB, 2009.
18. Hawton K, Townsend E, Deeks J, Appleby L, Gunnell D, Bennewith O, Cooper J. Effects of legislation restricting pack sizes of paracetamol and salicylate on self poisoning in the United Kingdom: before and after study. BMJ 2001; 322:1203-1207.
19. Bateman DN, Gorman D, Bain M, Inglis J, House F, Murphy D. Legislation restricting paracetamol sales and patterns of self-harm and death from paracetamol-containing preparations in Scotland. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2006; 62:573-581.
20. Morgan O, Griffiths C, Majeed A. Interrupted time-series analysis of regulations to reduce paracetamol (acetaminophen) poisoning. PLoS Med 2007; 4:e105.
21. Bateman DN. Limiting paracetamol pack size: has it worked in the UK? Clin Toxicol (Phila) 2009; 47:536-541.
22. Waring WS, Stephen AF, Robinson OD, Dow MA, Pettie JM. Lower incidence of anaphylactoid reactions to N-acetylcysteine in patients with high acetaminophen concentrations after overdose. Clin Toxicol 2008; 46:496-500.
23. Schmidt L, Dalhoff K. Risk factors in the development of adverse reactions to N-acetylcysteine in patients with paracetamol poisoning. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2001; 51:87-91.
24. Pakravan N, Waring WS, Sharma S, Ludlam C, Megson I, Bateman DN. Risk Factors and mechanisms of anaphylactoid reactions to acetyl-cysteine in acetaminophen overdose. Clin Toxicol (Phila) 2008; 46:697-702.
25. Sandllands E, Bateman D. Adverse reactions associated with acetylcysteine. Clin Toxicol (Phila) 2009; 47:81-88.
26. Yang R, Miki K, He X, Killeen M, Fink M. Prolonged treatment with N-acetylcysteine delays liver recovery from acetaminophen hepatotoxicity. Crit Care 2009; 13:R55.
27. Beer C, Pakravan K, Hudson M, Smith LT, Simpson K, Bateman DN, Thomas SHL. Liver unit admission following paracetamol overdose with concentrations below current UK treatment thresholds. Q J Med 2007; 100:93-96.
28. Prescott LF, Proudfoot AT, Cregeen R. Paracetamol-induced acute kidney failure in the absence of fulminant liver damage. BMJ 1982; 284:421-422.
29. O'Grady JG, Alexander GJ, Hayllar KM, Williams R. Early indicators of prognosis in fulminant hepatic failure. Gastroenterology 1989; 97:439-445.
30. Pakravan N, Simpson K, Waring WS, Bates CM, Bateman DN. Renal injury at first presentation as a predictor for poor outcome in severe paracetamol poisoning referred to a liver transplant unit. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 2008; 65:163-168.
31. Jones A, Harvey J, Vale J. Hypophosphataemia and phosphaturia in paracetamol poisoning. Lancet 1989; 334:608-609.
32. Pakravan N, Goddard J, Bateman DN. Effect of acute paracetamol overdose on changes in serum and urine electrolytes. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2007; 64:824-832.
33. Hinson JA, Roberts DW, James LP. Mechanisms of acetaminophen induced liver necrosis. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2010; 196:369-405.
34. Poltorak A, He X, Smirnova I, Liu MY, Van Huffel C, Du X, Birdwell D, Alejos E, Silva M, Galanos C, Freudenberg M, Ricciardi-Castagnoli P, Layton B, Beutler B. Defective LPS signaling in C3H/HeJ and C57BL/10ScCr mice: mutations in Tlr4 gene. Science 1998; 282:2085-2088.
35. Kono H, Rock KL. How dying cells alert the immune system to danger. Nat Rev Immunol 2008; 8:279-289.
36. Zhang-Xu L, Derick H, Basuki G, Neil K. Neutrophil depletion protects against murine acetaminophen hepatotoxicity. Hepatology 2006; 43:1220-1230.
37. Chen CJ, Kono H, Golenbock D, Reed G, Akira S, Rock KL. Identification of a key pathway required for the sterile inflammatory response triggered by dying cells. Nat Med 2007; 13:851-856.
38. Imaeda AB, Watanabe A, Sohail MA, Mahmood S, Mohamadnejad M, Sutterwala FS, Flavell RA, Mehal WZ. Acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity in mice is dependent on Tlr9 and the Nalp3 inflammasome. J Clin Invest 2009; 119:305-314.
39. Scaffidi P, Misteli T, Bianchi ME. Release of chromatin protein HMGB1 by necrotic cells triggers inflammation. Nature 2002; 418:191-195.
40. Shi Y, Evans JE, Rock KL. Molecular identification of a danger signal that alerts the immune system to dying cells. Nature 2003; 425:516-521.