A 70-year-old woman with 10 years of markedly elevated alpha-fetoprotein measurements

Seminars in Liver Disease

Volumn 30, Issue 1, 2010, Pages 99-106

  Hsu, Sherry X ^a   Siegel, Abby B ^b   Berk, Paul D ^c  

^a Department of Hematology and Oncology ^*  (United States)

^b Center for Liver Disease and Transplantation   (United States)

^c Columbia University ^*  (United States)

Author keywords

Biomarkers; Cancer surveillance; Chronic hepatitis; Hepatocellular carcinoma

Indexed keywords

ACETYLSALICYLIC ACID; ALPHA FETOPROTEIN; CISPLATIN; DOXORUBICIN; INTERFERON; MITOMYCIN; RIBAVIRIN;

AGED; CASE REPORT; CHEMOEMBOLIZATION; CHRONIC DISEASE; DRUG WITHDRAWAL; FEMALE; HEPATITIS C; HUMAN; HUMAN TISSUE; LIVER ANGIOGRAPHY; LIVER BIOPSY; LIVER INJURY; NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING; PHYSICIAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROTEIN BLOOD LEVEL; REVIEW; SCREENING; ULTRASOUND;

ALPHA-FETOPROTEINS; BIOPSY, NEEDLE; CARCINOMA, HEPATOCELLULAR; DIAGNOSIS, DIFFERENTIAL; DIAGNOSTIC IMAGING; FEMALE; FOLLOW-UP STUDIES; HEPATITIS C, CHRONIC; HUMANS; IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY; LIVER NEOPLASMS; MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING; MIDDLE AGED; MONITORING, PHYSIOLOGIC; PRECANCEROUS CONDITIONS; SENSITIVITY AND SPECIFICITY; SEVERITY OF ILLNESS INDEX; TIME FACTORS; TOMOGRAPHY, X-RAY COMPUTED; TUMOR MARKERS, BIOLOGICAL; ULTRASONOGRAPHY, DOPPLER;

EID: 77349105563     PISSN: 02728087     EISSN: 10988971     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1055/s-0030-1247136     Document Type: Review

References (45)

1. Bruix J, Sherman M, Practice Guidelines Committee, American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases. Management of hepatocellular carcinoma. Hepatology 2005 42 (5) 1208-1236
2. Gupta A A., Kim D C., Krinsky G A., Lee V S. CT and MRI of cirrhosis and its mimics. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2004 183 (6) 1595-1601
3. Eleftheriou N, Heathcote J, Thomas H C., Sherlock S. Serum alpha-fetoprotein levels in patients with acute and chronic liver disease. Relation to hepatocellular regeneration and development of primary liver cell carcinoma. J Clin Pathol 1977 30 (8) 704-708
4. Chen D S., Sung J L. Relationship of hepatitis B surface antigen to serum alpha-fetoprotein in nonmalignant diseases of the liver. Cancer 1979 44 (3) 984-992
5. Tai W C., Hu T H., Wang J H. et al. Clinical implications of alpha-fetoprotein in chronic hepatitis C. J Formos Med Assoc 2009 108 (3) 210-218
6. Hu K Q., Kyulo N L., Lim N, Elhazin B, Hillebrand D J., Bock T. Clinical significance of elevated alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) in patients with chronic hepatitis C, but not hepatocellular carcinoma. Am J Gastroenterol 2004 99 (5) 860-865
7. Peng Y C., Chan C S., Chen G H. The effectiveness of serum alpha-fetoprotein level in anti-HCV positive patients for screening hepatocellular carcinoma. Hepatogastroenterology 1999 46 (30) 3208-3211
8. Fung J, Lai C L., Yuen M F. Hepatitis B and C virus-related carcinogenesis. Clin Microbiol Infect 2009 15 (11) 964-970
9. Zhang B H., Yang B H., Tang Z Y. Randomized controlled trial of screening for hepatocellular carcinoma. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2004 130 (7) 417-422
10. Kemmer N, Neff G, Kaiser T et al. An analysis of the UNOS liver transplant registry: high serum alpha-fetoprotein does not justify an increase in MELD points for suspected hepatocellular carcinoma. Liver Transpl 2006 12 (10) 1519-1522
11. Ucar E, Semerci E, Ustun H, Yetim T, Huzmeli C, Gullu M. Prognostic value of preoperative CEA, CA 19-9, CA 72-4, and AFP levels in gastric cancer. Adv Ther 2008 25 (10) 1075-1084
12. Vij K, Wang H L. Aberrant expression of alpha-fetoprotein in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: an exceptional occurrence. Int J Surg Pathol 2008 16 (2) 194-198
13. Bae J S., Park S J., Park K B. et al. Acute exacerbation of hepatitis in liver cirrhosis with very high levels of alpha-fetoprotein but no occurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma. Korean J Intern Med 2005 20 (1) 80-85
14. Sell S, Nichols M, Becker F F., Leffert H L. Hepatocyte proliferation and alpha 1-fetoprotein in pregnant, neonatal, and partially hepatectomized rats. Cancer Res 1974 34 (4) 865-871
15. Sell S. Heterogeneity of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) and albumin containing cells in normal and pathological permissive states for AFP production: AFP containing cells induced in adult rats recapitulate the appearance of AFP containing hepatocytes in fetal rats. Oncodev Biol Med 1980 1 (2) 93-105
16. Fattovich G, Giustina G, Degos F et al. Morbidity and mortality in compensated cirrhosis type C: a retrospective follow-up study of 384 patients. Gastroenterology 1997 112 (2) 463-472
17. Sato Y, Nakata K, Kato Y et al. Early recognition of hepatocellular carcinoma based on altered profiles of alpha-fetoprotein. N Engl J Med 1993 328 (25) 1802-1806
18. Di Bisceglie A M., Sterling R K., Chung R T. et al, HALT-C Trial Group. Serum alpha-fetoprotein levels in patients with advanced hepatitis C: results from the HALT-C Trial. J Hepatol 2005 43 (3) 434-441
19. Chu C, Hwang S, Luo J et al. Clinical, virological, immunological, and pathological significance of GB virus C/hepatitis G infection in patients with chronic hepatitis C. Hepatol Res 2001 19 (3) 225-236 (Pubitemid 32241901)
20. Nguyen M H., Keeffe E B. Screening for hepatocellular carcinoma. J Clin Gastroenterol 2002 35 (5, Suppl 2) S86-S91
21. Nguyen M H., Garcia R T., Simpson P W., Wright T L., Keeffe E B. Racial differences in effectiveness of alpha-fetoprotein for diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma in hepatitis C virus cirrhosis. Hepatology 2002 36 (2) 410-417
22. Lok A S., Lai C L. alpha-Fetoprotein monitoring in Chinese patients with chronic hepatitis B virus infection: role in the early detection of hepatocellular carcinoma. Hepatology 1989 9 (1) 110-115
23. Trevisani F, D'Intino P E., Morselli-Labate A M. et al. Serum alpha-fetoprotein for diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with chronic liver disease: influence of HBsAg and anti-HCV status. J Hepatol 2001 34 (4) 570-575
24. Chan S L., Mo F K., Johnson P J. et al. New utility of an old marker: serial alpha-fetoprotein measurement in predicting radiologic response and survival of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma undergoing systemic chemotherapy. J Clin Oncol 2009 27 (3) 446-452
25. Daniele B, Bencivenga A, Megna A S., Tinessa V. Alpha-fetoprotein and ultrasonography screening for hepatocellular carcinoma. Gastroenterology 2004 127 (5, Suppl 1) S108-S112
26. Farinati F, Marino D, De Giorgio M et al. Diagnostic and prognostic role of alpha-fetoprotein in hepatocellular carcinoma: both or neither? Am J Gastroenterol 2006 101 (3) 524-532
27. Sato T, Tateishi R, Yoshida H et al. Ultrasound surveillance for early detection of hepatocellular carcinoma among patients with chronic hepatitis C. Hepatol Int 2009 3 (4) 544-550
28. Tong M J., Blatt L M., Kao V W. Surveillance for hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with chronic viral hepatitis in the United States of America. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2001 16 (5) 553-559
29. El-Serag H B., Marrero J A., Rudolph L, Reddy K R. Diagnosis and treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma. Gastroenterology 2008 134 (6) 1752-1763
30. Benson A B. III, Abrams T A., Ben-Josef E et al. NCCN clinical practice guidelines in oncology: hepatobiliary cancers. J Natl Compr Canc Netw 2009 7 (4) 350-391
31. Forner A, Reig M, Bruix J. Alpha-fetoprotein for hepatocellular carcinoma diagnosis: the demise of a brilliant star. Gastroenterology 2009 137 (1) 26-29
32. Sherman M. Alphafetoprotein: an obituary. J Hepatol 2001 34 (4) 603-605
33. Zhou L, Liu J, Luo F. Serum tumor markers for detection of hepatocellular carcinoma. World J Gastroenterol 2006 12 (8) 1175-1181
34. Khien V V., Mao H V., Chinh T T. et al. Clinical evaluation of lentil lectin-reactive alpha-fetoprotein-L3 in histology-proven hepatocellular carcinoma. Int J Biol Markers 2001 16 (2) 105-111
35. Marrero J A., Su G L., Wei W et al. Des-gamma carboxyprothrombin can differentiate hepatocellular carcinoma from nonmalignant chronic liver disease in american patients. Hepatology 2003 37 (5) 1114-1121
36. Marrero J A., Feng Z, Wang Y et al. Alpha-fetoprotein, des-gamma carboxyprothrombin, and lectin-bound alpha-fetoprotein in early hepatocellular carcinoma. Gastroenterology 2009 137 (1) 110-118
37. Volk M L., Hernandez J C., Su G L., Lok A S., Marrero J A. Risk factors for hepatocellular carcinoma may impair the performance of biomarkers: a comparison of AFP, DCP, and AFP-L3. Cancer Biomark 2007 3 (2) 79-87
38. Gomaa A I., Khan S A., Leen E L., Waked I, Taylor-Robinson S D. Diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma. World J Gastroenterol 2009 15 (11) 1301-1314
39. Llovet J M., Di Bisceglie A M., Bruix J et al, Panel of Experts in HCC-Design Clinical Trials. Design and endpoints of clinical trials in hepatocellular carcinoma. J Natl Cancer Inst 2008 100 (10) 698-711
40. Sherman M. Hepatocellular carcinoma: epidemiology, surveillance, and diagnosis. Semin Liver Dis 2010 30 (1) 3-16
41. Gannon C J., Izzo F, Aloia T A. et al. Can hepatocellular cancer screening increase the proportion of long-term survivors? Hepatogastroenterology 2009 56 (93) 1152-1156
42. Mendizabal M, Reddy K R. Current management of hepatocellular carcinoma. Med Clin North Am 2009 93 (4) 885-900, viii viii
43. Cheng A L., Kang Y K., Chen Z et al. Efficacy and safety of sorafenib in patients in the Asia-Pacific region with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma: a phase III randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet Oncol 2009 10 (1) 25-34
44. Llovet J M., Ricci S, Mazzaferro V et al, SHARP Investigators Study Group. Sorafenib in advanced hepatocellular carcinoma. N Engl J Med 2008 359 (4) 378-390
45. Patel D, Terrault N A., Yao F Y., Bass N M., Ladabaum U. Cost-effectiveness of hepatocellular carcinoma surveillance in patients with hepatitis C virus-related cirrhosis. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2005 3 (1) 75-84