The South Tibet detachment shear zone in the Dinggye area. Time constraints on extrusion models of the Himalayas

Earth and Planetary Science Letters

Volumn 292, Issue 1-2, 2010, Pages 1-16

  Leloup, P H ^a   Maheo G ^a   Arnaud, N ^b   Kali, E ^c   Boutonnet, E ^a   Liu, Dunyi ^d   Xiaohan, Liu ^e   Haibing, Li ^d  

^a UNIVERSITÉ LYON 1   (France)

^b UNIVERSITÉ MONTPELLIER 2   (France)

^c UMR 7063   (France)

^d INSTITUTE OF GEOLOGY   (China)

^e INSTITUTE OF GEOLOGY AND GEOPHYSICS   (China)

Author keywords

chronology; extrusion; Himalaya; South Tibet Detachment System

Indexed keywords

ACCRETIONARY PRISM; DUCTILE DEFORMATIONS; HIMALAYAS; LEUCOGRANITES; LOCAL INTERACTIONS; MAIN BOUNDARY THRUSTS; MAIN CENTRAL THRUSTS; METAMORPHIC CONDITIONS; NORMAL FAULT SYSTEM; NORMAL FAULTS; P-T PATH; PALEOZOIC; RAPID COOLING; SHEAR ZONE; THRUST SYSTEMS; THRUST WEDGES; TIME CONSTRAINTS;

MICA; MODEL STRUCTURES; PHOSPHATE MINERALS; SILICATE MINERALS;

EXTRUSION;

ACCRETIONARY PRISM; ACTIVE FAULT; ARGON-ARGON DATING; DETACHMENT FAULT; DUCTILE DEFORMATION; EXHUMATION; EXTENSIONAL TECTONICS; EXTRUSION; FOOTWALL; GEOCHRONOLOGY; MONAZITE; NORMAL FAULT; P-T CONDITIONS; PALEOZOIC; SHEAR ZONE; TETHYS; URANIUM-LEAD DATING; ZIRCON;

CHINA; DINGGYE; HIMALAYAS; KARAKORAM FAULT ZONE; XIZANG;

MICAS;

EID: 77249157710     PISSN: 0012821X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.epsl.2009.12.035     Document Type: Article

References (76)

1. Armijo R., Tapponnier P., Mercier J.L., and Han T.L. Quaternary extension in southern Tibet-field observations and tectonic implications. J. Geophys. Res. 91 (1986) 13803-13872
2. Arnaud N., Aitchison J.C., Leloup P.H., Valli F., and Wilde S. Constraints on the initiation of normal faulting across the Yarlung Tsangpo suture zone, from the Lopu Gangri range, southern Tibet. Geophys. Res. Abstr. 10 (2008) EGU2008-A-00000
3. Beaumont C., Jamieson R.A., Nguyen M.H., and Lee B. Himalayan tectonics explained by extrusion of a low-viscosity crustal channel coupled to focused surface denudation. Nature 414 (2001) 738-742
4. Bollinger L., Avouac J.P., Beyssac O., Catlos E.J., Harrison T.M., Grove M., Goffe B., and Sapkota S. Thermal structure and exhumation history of the Lesser Himalaya in central Nepal. Tectonics 23 (2004) TC5015 10.1029/2003TC001564
5. Bordet P. Recherches géologiques dans l'Himalaya du Népal, région du Makalu (1961), CNRS, Paris
6. Borghi A., Castelli D., Lombardo B., and Visona D. Thermal and baric evolution of garnet granulites from the Kharta region of S Tibet, E Himalaya. Eur. J. Mineral. 15 (2003) 401-418
7. Brunel M. Etude pétro-structurale des chevauchements ductiles en Himalaya (Népal oriental et Himalaya du Nord-Ouest) (1983), University of Paris VII
8. Burchfiel B.C., and Royden L.H. North-south extension within the convergent Himalayan region. Geology 13 (1985) 679-682
9. Burchfiel B.C., Zhilang C., Hodges K.V., Yuping L., Royden L.H., Changrong D., and Jiene X. The South Tibetan Detachment System, Himalayan Orogen: extension contemporaneous with and parallel to shortening in a collisional mountain belt (1992), Geological Society of America
10. Burg, J.P., 1983. Carte Géologique du Sud tibet, in: M.o. Geology/CNRS, (Ed), Ministry of Geology/CNRS, Beijing/Paris.
11. Burg J.P., Brunel M., Gapais D., Chen G.M., and Liu G.H. Deformation of leucogranites of the crystalline Main Central Sheet in southern Tibet (China). J. Struct. Geol. 6 (1984) 535-542
12. Carosi R., Lombardo B., Molli G., Musumeci G., and Pertusati P.C. The south Tibetan detachment system in the Rongbuk valley, Everest region. Deformation features and geological implications. J. Asian Earth Sci. 16 (1998) 299-311
13. Catlos E.J., Harrison T.M., Kohn M.J., Grove M., Ryerson F.J., Manning C.E., and Upreti B.N. Geochronologic and thermobarometric constraints on the evolution of the Main Central Thrust, central Nepal Himalaya. J. Geophys. Res. 106 (2001) 16177-16204
14. Catlos E.J., Gilley L.D., and Harrison T.M. Interpretation of monazite ages obtained via in situ analysis. Chem. Geol. 188 (2002) 193-215
15. Catlos E.J., Harrison T.M., Manning C.E., Grove M., Rai S.M., Hubbard M.S., and Upreti B.N. Records of the evolution of the Himalayan orogen from in situ Th-Pb ion microprobe dating of monazite: eastern Nepal and western Garhwal. J. Asian Earth Sci. 20 (2002) 459-479
16. Coleman M., and Hodges K. Evidence for Tibetan plateau uplift before 14-Myr Ago from a new minimum age for east-west extension. Nature 374 (1995) 49-52
17. Coleman M.E., and Hodges K.V. Contrasting Oligocene and Miocene thermal histories from the hanging wall and footwall of the South Tibetan detachment in the central Himalaya from Ar-40/Ar-39 thermochronology, Marsyandi Valley, central Nepal. Tectonics 17 (1998) 726-740
18. Cottle J.M., Jessup M.J., Newell D.L., Searle M.P., Law R.D., and Horstwood M.S.A. Structural insights into the early stages of exhumation along an orogen-scale detachment: the South Tibetan Detachment System, Dzakaa Chu section, eastern Himalaya. J. Struct. Geol. 29 (2007) 1781-1797
19. Cottle J.M., Jessup M.J., Newell D.L., Horstwood M.S.A., Noble S.R., Parrish R.R., Waters D.J., and Searle M.P. Geochronology of granulitized eclogite from the Ama Drime Massif: implications for the tectonic evolution of the South Tibetan Himalaya. Tectonics 28 (2009) 10.1029/2008TC002256
20. Daniel C.G., Hollister L.S., Parrish R.R., and Grujic D. Exhumation of the Main Central Thrust from lower crustal depths, Eastern Bhutan Himalaya. J. Metamorph. Geol. 21 (2003) 317-334
21. Dasgupta S., Ganguly J., and Neogi S. Inverted metamorphic sequence in the Sikkim Himalayas: crystallization history, P-T gradient and implications. J. Metamorph. Geol. 22 (2004) 395-412
22. DeCelles P.G., Robinson D.M., Quade J., Ojha T.P., Garzione C.N., Copeland P., and Upreti B.N. Stratigraphy, structure, and tectonic evolution of the Himalayan fold-thrust belt in western Nepal. Tectonics 20 (2001) 487-509
23. DeCelles P.G., Gehrels G.E., Najman Y., Martin A.J., Carter A., and Garzanti E. Detrital geochronology and geochemistry of Cretaceous-Early Miocene strata of Nepal: implications for timing and diachroneity of initial Himalayan orogenesis. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 227 (2004) 313-330
24. Dewane T.J., Stockli D.F., Hager C., Taylor M., Ding L., Lee J., and Wallis S. Timing of Cenozoic E-W Extension in the Tangra Yum Co-Kung Co Rift, south-central Tibet. American Geophysical Union fall Metting, abstract with program (2006)
25. Dèzes P.J., Vannay J.C., Steck A., Bussy F., and Cosca M. Synorogenic extension: quantitative constraints on the age and displacement of the Zanskar shear zone (northwest Himalaya). Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. 111 (1999) 364-374
26. Edwards M.A., Kidd W.S.F., Li J.X., Yu Y.J., and Clark M. Multi-stage development of the southern Tibet detachment system near Khula Kangri. New data from Gonto La. Tectonophysics 260 (1996) 1-19
27. England P., and Molnar P. Cause and effect among thrust and normal faulting, anatectic melting and exhumation in the Himalaya. In: Treloar P.J., and Searle M.P. (Eds). Himalayan Tectonics (1993), Geological Society of London Special Publication, Geological Society of London, London 401-4011
28. Ferry J.M., and Spear F.S. Experimental calibration of partitioning of Fe and Mg between biotite and garnet. Contrib. Mineral. Petrol. 66 (1978) 113-117
29. Garzione C.N., DeCelles P.G., Hodkinson D.G., Ojha T.P., and Upreti B.N. East-west extension and Miocene environmental change in the southern Tibetan plateau: Thakkhola graben, central Nepal. Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. 115 (2003) 3-20
30. Godin L., Parrish R.R., Brown R.L., and Hodges K.V. Crustal thickening leading to exhumation of the Himalayan metamorphic core of central Nepal: insight from U-Pb geochronology and Ar-40/Ar-39 thermochronology. Tectonics 20 (2001) 729-747
31. Godin L., Gleeson T.P., Searle M.P., Ullrich T.D., and Parrish R.R. Locking of southward extrusion in favour of rapid crustal-scale buckling of the Greater Himalayan sequence, Nar valley, central Nepal. In: Law R.D., Searle M.P., and Godin L. (Eds). Channel Flow, Ductile Extrusion and Exhumation in Continental Collision Zones 268 (2006), Geological Society of London Special Publication, London 269-292
32. Godin L., Grujic D., Law R.D., and Searle M.P. Channel flow, ductile extrusion and exhumation in continental collision zones: an introduction. In: Law R.D., Searle M.P., and Godin L. (Eds). Channel Flow, Ductile Extrusion and Exhumation in Continental Collision Zones 268 (2006), Geological Society of London Special Publication, London 1-23
33. Goscombe B., and Hand M. Contrasting P-T paths in the Eastern Himalaya, Nepal: inverted isograds in a paired metamorphic mountain belt. J. Petrol. 41 (2000) 1673-1719
34. Goscombe B., Gray D., and Hand M. Crustal architecture of the Himalayan metamorphic front in eastern Nepal. Gondwana Res. 10 (2006) 232-255
35. Grasemann B., Fritz H., and Vannay J.C. Quantitative kinematic flow analysis from the Main Central Thrust Zone (NW-Himalaya, India): implications for a decelerating strain path and the extrusion of orogenic wedges. J. Struct. Geol. 21 (1999) 837-853
36. Groppo C., Lombardo B., Rolfo F., and Pertusati P. Clockwise exhumation path of granulitized eclogites from the Ama Drime range (Eastern Himalayas). J. Metamorph. Geol. 25 (2007) 51-75
37. Grujic D., Casey M., Davidson C., Hollister L.S., Kundig R., Pavlis T., and Schmid S. Ductile extrusion of the Higher Himalayan Crystalline in Bhutan: evidence from quartz microfabrics. Tectonophysics 260 (1996) 21-43
38. Grujic D., Hollister L.S., and Parrish R.R. Himalayan metamorphic sequence as an orogenic channel: insight from Bhutan. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 198 (2002) 177-191
39. Hager C., Stockli D., Dewane T., and Ding L. Episodic Mio-Pliocene rifting in south-central Tibet. Thermochronometric Constraints from the Xainza Rift. American Geophysical Union fall Metting, abstract with program (2006)
40. Hames W.E., and Bowring S.A. An empirical evaluation of the argon diffusion geometry in muscovite. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 124 (1994) 161-169
41. Harris N.B.W., Caddick M., Kosler J., Goswami S., Vance D., and Tindle A.G. The pressure-temperature-time path of migmatites from the Sikkim Himalaya. J. Metamorph. Geol. 22 (2004) 249-264
42. Harrison T.M., Duncan I., and Mc Dougall I. Diffusion of 40Zr in biotite: temperature, pressure and compositional effect. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta. 49 (1985) 2461-2468
43. Harrison T.M., Ryerson F.J., LeFort P., Yin A., Lovera O.M., and Catlos E.J. A Late Miocene-Pliocene origin for the Central Himalayan inverted metamorphism. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 146 (1997) E1-E7
44. Harrison T.M., Célérier J., Aikman A.B., Hermann J., and Heitzler M.T. Diffusion of 40Ar in muscovite. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta. 73 (2009) 1039-1051
45. Hodges K.V., Hames W.E., Olszewski W., Burchfiel B.C., Royden L.H., and Chen Z. Thermobarometric and Ar-40 Ar-39 geochronological constraints on Eohimalayan metamorphism in the Dinggye area, southern Tibet. Contrib. Mineral. Petrol. 117 (1994) 151-163
46. Hodges K.V., Parrish R.R., and Searle M.P. Tectonic evolution of the central Annapurna Range, Nepalese Himalayas. Tectonics 15 (1996) 1264-1291
47. Holdaway M.J. Application of new experimental and garnet Margules data to the garnet-biotite geothermometer. Am. Mineral. 85 (2000) 881-892
48. Holland T.J.B., and Powell R. An internally consistent thermodynamic data set for phases of petrological interest. J. Metamorph. Geol. 16 (1998) 309-343
49. Holland T., Baker J., and Powell R. Mixing properties and activity-composition relationships of chlorites in the system MgO-FeO-Al2O3-SiO2-H2O. Eur. J. Mineral. 10 (1998) 395-406
50. Hurtado J.M., Hodges K.V., and Whipple K.X. Neotectonics of the Thakkhola graben and implications for recent activity on the South Tibetan fault system in the central Nepal Himalaya. Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. 113 (2001) 222-240
51. Jessup M.J., Cottle J.M., Searle M.P., Law R.D., Newell D.L., Tracy R.J., and Waters D.J. P-T-t-D paths of Everest Series schist. Nepal. J. Metamorph. Geol. 26 (2008) 717-739
52. Jessup M.J., Newell D.L., Cottle J.M., Berger A.L., and Spotila J.A. Orogen-parallel extension and exhumation enhanced by denudation in the trans-Himalayan Arun River gorge, Ama Drime Massif, Tibet-Nepal. Geology 36 (2008) 587-590
53. Kali, E., Leloup, P.H., Arnaud, N., Mahéo, G., Liu, D., Boutonnet, E., VanderWoerd, J., Xiaohan, L., Liu-Zeng, J., Haibing, L., in press. Exhumation history of the deepest central Himalayan rocks (Ama Drime range): key P-T-D-t constraints on orogenic models. Tectonics. doi:10.1029/2009TC002551.
54. Kellett D.A., Grujic D., and Erdmann S. Miocene structural reorganization of the south Tibetan detachment, eastern Himalaya: implications for continental collision. Lithosphere 1 (2009) 259-281
55. Kohn M.J., Wieland M.S., Parkinson C.D., and Upreti B.N. Miocene faulting at plate tectonic velocity in the Himalaya of central Nepal. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 228 (2004) 299-310
56. Lacassin R., Valli F., Arnaud N., Leloup P.H., Paquette J.L., Haibing L., Tapponnier P., Chevalier M.L., Guillot S., Maheo G., and Xu Z.Q. Large-scale geometry, offset and kinematic evolution of the Karakorum fault, Tibet. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 219 (2004) 255-269
57. Law R.D., Searle M.P., and Simpson R.L. Strain, deformation temperatures and vorticity of flow at the top of the Greater Himalayan Slab, Everest Massif, Tibet. J. Geol. Soc. 161 (2004) 305-320
58. Lee T.Y., and Lawver L.A. Cenozoic plate reconstruction of Southeast Asia. Tectonophysics 251 (1995) 85-138
59. Lombardo B., and Rolfo F. Two contrasting eclogite types in the Himalayas: implications for the Himalayan orogeny. J. Geodyn. 30 (2000) 37-60
60. Ludwig K.R. Isoplot 3.00 a geochronological toolkit for Microsoft Excel, Berkley Geoch. Cent. Spec. Pub. 4 (2003)
61. Meier K., and Hiltner E. Deformation and metamorphism within the Main Central Thrust zone, Arun Tectonic Window, eastern Nepal. In: Treloar P.J., and Searle M.P. (Eds). Himalayan Tectonics, Geological Society of London Special Publication 74 (1993), Geological Society of London, London 511-523
62. Meigs A.J., Burbank D.W., and Beck R.A. Middle-Late Miocene (greater-than-10 Ma) formation of the Main Boundary Thrust in the Western Himalaya. Geology 23 (1995) 423-426
63. Molnar P., and Stock J. Slowing of India's convergence with Eurasia since 20 Ma and its implications for Tibetan mantle dynamics. Tectonics 28 (2009) 10.1029/2008TC002271
64. Murphy M.A., Yin A., Kapp P., Harrison T.M., Lin D., and Guo J.H. Southward propagation of the Karakoram fault system, southwest Tibet: timing and magnitude of slip. Geology 28 (2000) 451-454
65. Phillips R.J., Parrish R.R., and Searle M.P. Age constraints on ductile deformation and long-term slip rates along the Karakoram fault zone, Ladakh. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 226 (2004) 305-319
66. Price R.A. The southeastern Canadian Cordillera: thrust faulting, tectonic wedging, and delamination of the lithosphere. J. Struct. Geol. 8 (1986) 239-254
67. Searle M.P. Extensional and compressional faults in the Everest-Lhotse massif, Khumbu Himalaya, Nepal. J. Geol. Soc. 156 (1999) 227-240
68. Searle M.P., and Godin L. The South Tibetan Detachment and the Manaslu leucogranite: a structural reinterpretation and restoration of the Annapurna-Manaslu Himalaya, Nepal. J. Geol. 111 (2003) 505-523
69. Searle M.P., Parrish R.R., Hodges K.V., Hurford A., Ayres M.W., and Whitehouse M.J. Shisha Pangma leucogranite, south Tibetan Himalaya: field relations, geochemistry, age, origin, and emplacement. J. Geol. 105 (1997) 295-317
70. Valli F., Leloup P.H., Paquette J.L., Arnaud N., Li H.B., Tapponnier P., Lacassin R., Guillot S., Liu D.Y., Deloule E., Xu Z.Q., and Maheo G. New U-Th/Pb constraints on timing of shearing and long-term slip-rate on the Karakorum fault. Tectonics 27 (2008) TC5007 10.1029/2007TC002184
71. Vannay J.C., and Hodges K.V. Tectonometamorphic evolution of the Himalayan metamorphic core between the Annapurna and Dhaulagiri, central Nepal. J. Metamorph. Geol. 14 (1996) 635-656
72. Vannay J.C., Grasemann B., Rahn M., Frank W., Carter A., Baudraz V., and Cosca M. Miocene to Holocene exhumation of metamorphic crustal wedges in the NW Himalaya: evidence for tectonic extrusion coupled to fluvial erosion. Tectonics 23 (2004) 10.1029/2002TC001429
73. Webb A.A.G., Yin A., Harrison T.M., Celerier J., and Burgess W.P. The leading edge of the Greater Himalayan Crystalline complex revealed in the NW Indian Himalaya: implications for the evolution of the Himalayan orogen. Geology 35 (2007) 955-958
74. Wu C.D., Nelson K.D., Wortman G., Samson S.D., Yue Y.J., Li J.X., Kidd W.S.F., and Edwards M.A. Yadong cross structure and South Tibetan Detachment in the east central Himalaya (89 degrees-90 degrees E). Tectonics 17 (1998) 28-45
75. Yin A. Cenozoic tectonic evolution of the Himalayan orogen as constrained by along-strike variation of structural geometry, exhumation history, and foreland sedimentation. Earth Sci. Rev. 76 (2006) 1-131
76. Zhang J.J., and Guo L. Structure and geochronology of the southern Xainza-Dinggye rift and its relationship to the south Tibetan detachment system. J. Asian Earth Sci. 29 (2007) 722-736