Shisha Pangma leucogranite, south Tibetan Himalaya: Field relations, geochemistry, age, origin, and emplacement

Journal of Geology

Volumn 105, Issue 3, 1997, Pages 295-317

  Searle, M P ^a   Parrish, R R ^a,b,c   Hodges, K V ^a,d   Hurford, A ^a,e   Ayres, M W ^a,f   Whitehouse, M J ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD   (United Kingdom)

^b NATURAL ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH COUNCIL   (United Kingdom)

^c UNIVERSITY OF LEICESTER   (United Kingdom)

^d MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY   (United States)

^e UNIVERSITY COLLEGE LONDON   (United Kingdom)

^f OPEN UNIVERSITY   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AGE DETERMINATION; EMPLACEMENT MECHANISM; GEOCHEMISTRY; LEUCOGRANITE; PETROLOGY;

CHINA, TIBET, SHISHA PANGMA;

EID: 0030840276     PISSN: 00221376     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1086/515924     Document Type: Article

References (87)

1. Armijo, R.; Tapponnier, P., Mercier, J.; and Han, T., 1986, Quaternary extension in southern Tibet: Field observations and tectonic implications: Jour. Geophys. Res., v. 91, p. 13,803-13,872.
2. Burchfiel, B. C.; Zhiliang, C.; Hodges, K. V.; Yuping, L.; Royden, L.; Changrong, D.; and Jiene, X., 1992, The South Tibetan Detachment System, Himalayan Orogen: Extension contemporaneous with and parallel to shortening in a collisional mountain belt: Geol. Soc. America Spec. Paper 269, 41 p.
3. Burg, J. P.; Brunel, M.; Gapais, D.; Chen, G. M.; and Liu, G. H., 1984, Deformation of leucogranites of the crystalline Main Central thrust sheet in southern Tibet (China): Jour. Struct. Geology, v. 6, p. 535-542.
4. Clemens, J. D., and Vielzeuf, D., 1987, Constraints on melting and magma production in the crust: Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., v. 86, p. 287-306.
5. Colchen, M.; LeFort, P.; and Pecher, A., 1986, Annapurna-Manaslu-Ganesh Himal: Paris, CNRS, 136 p.
6. Coleman, M., and Hodges, K., 1995, Middle Miocene east-west extension and the age of the Tibetan Plateau: Nature, v. 374, p. 49-52.
7. _, and Parrish, R. R., 1991, Eocene dextral strikeslip and extensional faulting in the Bridge River terrane, southwest British Columbia: Tectonics, v. 10, p. 1222-1238.
8. Copeland, P.; Parrish, R. R.; and Harrison, T. M., 1988, Identification of inherited radiogenic Pb in monazite and its implications for U-Pb systematics: Nature, v. 333, p. 760-763.
9. Deniel, C.; Vidal, Ph.; Fernandez, A.; LeFort, P.; and Peucat, J. J., 1987, Isotopic study of the Manaslu granite (Himalaya, Nepal): Inferences on the age and source of Himalayan leucogranites: Contrib. Mineral. Petrol., v. 96, p. 78-92.
10. DePaolo, D. J.; Linn, A. M.; and Schubert, G., 1991, The continental age distribution: Methods of determining mantle separation ages from Sm-Nd isotopic data and application to the southwestern United States: Jour. Geophys. Res., v. 96, p. 2071-2088.
11. Edwards, M. A.; Kidd, W. S. F.; and Harrison, T. M., 1995, Active medial Miocene detachment in the High Himalaya of the Tibet-Bhutan frontier: A young crystallization age for the Kula Kangri leucogranite pluton: EOS, v. 76, p. F567.
12. England, P. C., and Molnar, P., 1990, Surface uplift, uplift of rocks, and exhumation of rocks: Geology, v. 18, p. 1173-1177.
13. _; LeFort, P.; Molnar, P.; and Pêcher, A., 1992, Heat sources for Tertiary metamorphism and anatexis in the Annapurna-Manaslu region central Nepal: Jour. Geophys. Res., v. 97, p. 2107-2128.
14. _, and Molnar, P., 1993, The interpretation of inverted metamorphic isograds using simple physical calculations: Tectonics, v. 12, p. 145-157.
15. Ferry, J. M., and Spear, F. S., 1978, Experimental calibration of the partitioning of Fe and Mg between biotite and garnet: Contrib. Mineral. Petrol., v. 66, p. 113-117.
16. 5-quartz: a potential geobarometer-geothermometer: Am. Mineral., v. 61, p. 710-714.
17. _, and Stout, M. Z., 1981, Geobarometry and geothermometry of plagioclase-biotite-garnet-muscovite assemblages: Contrib. Mineral. Petrol., v. 76, p. 92-97.
18. Gleadow, A. J. W.; Duddy, I. R.; Green, P. F.; and Lovering, J. F., 1986, Confined track lengths in apatite-diagnostic tool for thermal history analysis: Contrib. Mineral. Petrol., v. 94, p. 405-415.
19. Guillot, S., and LeFort, P., 1995, Geochemical constraints on the bimodal origin of High Himalayan leucogranites: Lithos, v. 35, p. 221-234.
20. _; _; Pêcher, A.; Roy Barman, M.; and Aprahamian, J., 1995, Contact metamorphism and depth of emplacement of the Manaslu granite (central Nepal). Implications for Himalayan orogenesis: Tectonophysics, v. 241, p. 99-119.
21. _; Pêcher, A.; Rochelte, P.; and LeFort, P., 1993, The emplacement of the Manaslu granite of central Nepal: Field and magnetic susceptibility constraints, in Treloar, P. J., and Searle, M. P., eds., Himalayan Tectonics: Geol. Soc. (London) Spec. Pub. 74, p. 413-428.
22. Hamilton, P. J.; O'Nions, R. K.; Bridgewater, D.; and Nutman, A., 1983, Sm-Nd studies of Archean metasediments and metavolcanics from West Greenland and their implications for the earth's early history: Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., v. 62, p. 263-272.
23. Harris, N.; Ayres, M.; and Massey, J., 1995, The incongruent melting of muscovite: Implications for the geochemistry and extraction of granite magmas: Jour. Geophys. Res., v. 100, p. 15,777-15,787.
24. _, and Inger, S., 1992, Trace element modeling of pelite-derived granites: Contrib. Mineral. Petrol., v. 110, p. 46-56.
25. _, and Massey, J., 1994, Decompression and anatexis of Himalayan metapelites: Tectonics, v. 13, p. 1537-1546.
26. Harrison, T. M.; Copeland, P.; Kidd, W. S. F.; and Yin, A. 1992, Raising Tibet: Science, v. 255, p. 1663-1670.
27. _; _; Kidd, W. S. F.; and Lovera, O., 1995b, Activation of the Nyainqentanghla Shear Zone: Implications for uplift of the southern Tibetan Plateau: Tectonics, v. 14, p. 658-676.
28. 232Th ion microprobe dating: Crystallization age and tectonic implications: Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., v. 133, p. 271-282.
29. _, and Watson, E. B., 1983, Kinetics of zircon dissolution and zirconium diffusion in granitic melts of variable water content: Contrib. Mineral. Petrol., v. 84, p. 66-72.
30. Hodges, K. V.; Bowring, S.; Hawkins, D.; and Davidek, K., 1996b, The age of the Rongbuk granite and Qomolangma Detachment, Mount Everest region, southern Tibet (Abs.): Himalaya-Karakoram-Tibet Workshop, Flagstaff, Arizona, p. 63.
31. _; Burchfiel, B. C.; Royden, L. H.; Chen, Z.; and Liu, Y., 1993, The metamorphic signature of contemporaneous extension and shortening in the central Himalayan orogen: data from the Nyalam transect, southern Tibet: Jour. Meta. Geol., v. 11, p. 721-737.
32. _; Hubbard, M. S.; and Silverberg, D. S., 1988, Metamorphic constraints on the thermal evolution of the central Himalayan Orogen: Royal Soc. (London) Philos. Trans., v. 326A, p. 257-280.
33. _; Parrish, R. R.; Housh, T. B.; Lux, D. R.; Burchfiel, B. C.; Royden, L. H.; and Chen, Z., 1992, Simultaneous Miocene extension and shortening in the Himalayan orogen: Science, v. 258, p. 1466-1470.
34. _; _; and Searle, M. P., 1996a, Tectonic evolution of the Central Annapurna Range, Nepalese Himalaya: Tectonics, v. 15, p. 1264-1291.
35. _, and Silverberg, D. S., 1988, Thermal evolution of the Greater Himalaya, Garhwal, India: Tectonics, v. 7, p. 583-600.
36. 2: Jour. Meta. Geol., v. 8, p. 89-124.
37. Hubbard, M. S., 1989, Thermobarometric constraints on the thermal history of the Main Central Thrust Zone and Tibetan Slab, eastern Nepal Himalaya: Jour. Meta. Geol., v. 7, p. 19-30.
38. 39Ar age constraints on deformation and metamorphism in the Main Central Thrust Zone and Tibetan Slab, eastern Nepal Himalaya: Tectonics, v. 8, p. 865-880.
39. Hurford, A. J., 1990, Standardization of fission track dating calibration: Recommendation by the Fission Track Working Group of the IUGS Subcommission on Geochronology: Chem. Geol. (Isot. Geosci. Sect.), v. 80, p. 171-178.
40. _, and Green, P. F., 1982, A user's guide to fission track dating calibration: Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., v. 59, p. 343-354.
41. Inger, S., and Harris, N., 1992, Tectonothermal evolution of the High Himalayan crystalline sequence, Langtang Valley, northern Nepal: Jour. Meta. Geol., v. 10, p. 439-452.
42. _, and _, 1993, Geochemical constraints on leucogranite magmatism in the Langtang Valley, Nepal Himalaya: Jour. Petrol., v. 34, p. 345-368.
43. Johnson, M. R. W., and Oliver, G. J. H., 1990, Pre-collisional and post-collisional thermal events in the Himalaya: Geology, v. 18, p. 753-6.
44. Le Breton, N., and Thompson, A., 1988, Fluid-absent (dehydration) melting of biotite in metapelites in the early stages of crustal anatexis: Contrib. Mineral. Petrol., v. 99, p. 226-237.
45. LeFort, P., 1981, Manaslu leucogranite: A collisional signature of the Himalaya, a model for its genesis and emplacement: Jour. Geophys. Res., v. 86, p. 10,545-10,568.
46. _; Cuney, M.; Deniel, C.; France-Lanord, C.; Sheppard, S. M. F.; Upreti, B. N.; and Vidal, P., 1987, Crustal generation of Himalayan leucogranites: Tectonophysics, v. 134, p. 39-57.
47. Lihou, J.; Hurford, A. J.; and Cater, A., 1995, Preliminary fission track ages on zircons and apatites from the Sardona unit, Glarus Alps, eastern Switzerland: Late Miocene-Pliocene exhumation rates: Schweiz. Min. Pet. Mitt., v. 75, p. 177-186.
48. Macfarlane, A., 1993, Chronology of tectonic events in the crystalline core of the Himalaya, Langtang National Park, central Nepal: Tectonics, v. 12, p. 1004-1025.
49. _, 1995, An evaluation of the inverted metamorphic gradient at Langtang National Park, central Nepal Himalaya: Jour. Meta. Geol., v. 13, p. 595-612.
50. _; Hodges, K. V.; and Lux, D., 1992, A structural analysis of the Main Central Thrust zone, Langtang National Park, central Nepal Himalaya: Geol. Soc. America Bull., v. 104, p. 1389-1402.
51. Massey, J. A., 1994, Metamorphism, melting, and fluids during Himalayan orogenesis: Unpub. Ph.D. thesis, Open University, U.K.
52. _; Reddy, S. M.; Harris, N. B. W.; and Harmon, R. S., 1994, Correlation between melting, deformation, and fluid interaction in the continental crust of the High Himalayas, Langtang Valley, Nepal: Terra Nova, v. 6, p. 229-237.
53. Mercier, J-L.; Armijo, R.; Tapponnier, P.; Carey-Gail-hardis, E.; and Han Tong Lin, 1987, Change from late Tertiary compression to Quaternary extension in southern Tibet during the India-Asia collision: Tectonics, v. 6, p. 275-304.
54. Metcalfe, R. P., 1993, Pressure, temperature, and time constraints on metamorphism across the Main Central Thrust zone and High Himalayan Slab in the Garhwal Himalaya; in Treloar, P. J., and Searle, M. P., eds., Himalayan Tectonics: Geol. Soc. (London) Spec. Pub. 74, p. 485-509.
55. Molnar, P.; England, P.; and Martinod, J., 1993, Mantle dynamics, uplift of the Tibetan Plateau, and the Indian monsoon: Rev. Geophys., v. 31, p. 357-396.
56. Noble, S. R., and Searle, M. P., 1995, Age of crustal melting and leucogranite formation from U-Pb zircon and monazite dating in the western Himalaya, Zanskar, India: Geology, v. 23, p. 1135-1138.
57. 39Ar fusion, and K-Ar studies: Geol. Mag., v. 132, p. 139-149.
58. Parrish, R. R., and Hodges, K. V., 1992, U-Pb geochronology of igneous and metamorphic rocks near the Main Central Thrust in the Langtang area, central Nepal Himalaya (Abs.): 7th Himalaya-Karakoram-Tibet Workshop, Oxford University, p. 67.
59. _, and _, 1996, Isotopic constraints on the age and provenance of the Lesser and Greater Himalayan sequences, Nepalese Himalaya: Geol. Soc. America Bull., v. 108, p. 904-911.
60. Pognante, U.; Castelli, D.; Benna, P.; Genovese, G.; Oberli, F.; Meier, M.; and Tonarini, S., 1990, The crystalline units of the High Himalayas in the Lahoul-Zanskar region (northwest India) metamorphic-tectonic history and geochronology of the collided and imbricated Indian plate: Geol. Mag., v. 127, p. 101-116.
61. Rapp, R. P., and Watson, E. B., 1986, Monazite solubility and dissolution kinetics: Implications for the thorium and light rare earth chemistry of felsic magmas: Contrib. Mineral. Petrol., v. 94, p. 304-316.
62. Raymo, M. E., and Ruddiman, W. F., 1992, Tectonic forcing of late Cenozoic climate: Nature, v. 359, p. 117-122.
63. _; Ruddiman, W. F.; and Froelich, P. N., 1988, Influence of late Cenozoic mountain building on ocean geochemical cycles: Geology, v. 16, p. 649-653.
64. Reddy, S. M.; Searle, M. P.; and Massey, J. A., 1993, Structural evolution of the High Himalayan gneiss sequence, Langtang Valley, Nepal; in Treloar, P. J., and Searle, M. P., eds., Himalayan Tectonics: Geol. Soc. (London) Spec. Pub. 74, p. 375-389.
65. Scaillet, B.; France-Lanord, C.; and Le Fort, P., 1990, Badrinath-Gangotri plutons (Garhwal, India): Petrological and geochemical evidence for fractionation processes in a High Himalayan leucogranite: Jour. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res., v. 44, p. 163-188.
66. Scaillet, B.; Pichavant, M.; and Roux, J., 1995, Experimental crystallization of leucogranite magmas: Jour. Petrol., v. 36, p. 663-705.
67. 230Th disequilibration on U-Pb ages: The Makalu case: Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., v. 67, p. 191-204.
68. _; Xu, R. H.; and Allègre, C. J., 1986, U-(Th)-Pb systematics and ages of Himalayan leucogranites, south Tibet: Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., v. 77, p. 35-48.
69. Schneider, C., and Masch, L., 1993, The metamorphism of the Tibetan Series from the Manang area, Marsyandi Valley, Nepal; in Treloar, P. J., and Searle, M. P., eds., Himalayan Tectonics: Geol. Soc. (London) Spec. Pub. 74, p. 357-374.
70. Searle, M. P., 1995a, The Rise and Fall of Tibet: Nature, v. 374, p. 17-18.
71. _, 1995b, The timing of metamorphism, magmatism, and cooling in the Zanskar, Garhwal, and Nepal Himalaya: Jour. Nepal Geol. Soc. (Kathmandu, Spec. Issue), v. 11, p. 103-120.
72. _, 1996, Cooling history, erosion, exhumation, and kinematics of the Himalaya-Karakoram-Tibet orogenic belt, in An Yin, and Harrison, T. M., eds., Tectonics of Asia: Cambridge, Cambridge Univ. Press (Rubey Volume), p. 110-137.
73. _; Cooper, D. J. W.; and Rex, A. J., 1988, Collision Tectonics of the Ladakh-Zanskar Himalaya: Royal Society (London) Philos. Trans.: v. 326A, p. 117-150.
74. _, and Fryer, B. J., 1986, Garnet, tourmaline and muscovite-bearing leucogranites, gneisses, and migmatites of the Higher Himalaya from Zanskar, Kulu, Lahoul, and Kashmir, in Coward, M. P., and Ries, A. C., eds., Collision Tectonics: Geol. Soc. London Spec. Pub. 19, p. 185-201.
75. _; Metcalfe, R. P.; Rex, A. J.; and Norry, M. J., 1993, Field relations, petrogenesis, and emplacement of the Bhagirathi leucogranite, Garhwal Himalaya; in Treloar, P. J., and Searle, M. P., eds., Himalayan Tectonics: Geol. Soc. (London) Spec. Pub. 74, p. 429-444.
76. _, and Rex, A. J., 1989, Thermal Model for the Zanskar Himalaya: Jour. Meta. Geol., v. 7, p. 127-134.
77. _; Waters, D. J.; Rex, D. C.; and Wilson, R. N.; 1992, Pressure, temperature, and time constraints on Himalayan metamorphism for eastern Kashmir and western Zanskar: Jour. Geol. Soc. London, v. 149, p. 753-773.
78. _; Windley, B. F.; Coward, M. P.; Cooper, D. J. W.; Rex, A. J.; Rex, D.; Tingdong, L.; Xuchang, X.; Jan, M. Q.; Thakur, V.; and Kumar, S., 1987, The closing of Tethys and the tectonics of the Himalayas: Geol. Soc. America Bull., v. 98, p. 678-701.
79. Sevigny, J. H., 1993, Monazite controlled Sm/Nd fractionation in leucogranite: an ion microprobe study of garnet phenocrysts: Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, v. 57, p. 4095-4102.
80. 230Th disequilibration on U-Pb ages: The Makalu case: Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., v. 67, p. 191-204.
81. _; Xu, R. H., and Allègre, C. J., 1986, U-(Th)-Pb systematics and ages of Himalayan leucogranites, south Tibet: Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., v. 77, p. 35-48.
82. Steiger, R. H., and Jäger, E., 1977, Subcommission on geochronology: Conventions on the use of decay constants in geo- and cosmo-chronology: Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., v. 36, p. 359-362.
83. Taylor, S. R., and Mclennan, S. M., 1985, The Continental Crust: Its Composition and Evolution: Oxford, Blackwell Scientific, 312 p.
84. 2O-undersaturated granitic liquids: Am. Jour. Sci., v. 282, p. 1567-1595.
85. Vidai, P.; Cocherie, A.; and LeFort, P., 1982, Geochemical investigations of the origin of the Manaslu leucogranite (Himalaya, Nepal): Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, v. 46, p. 2279-2292.
86. Watson, E. B., and Harrison, T. M., 1983, Zircon saturation revisited: Temperature and composition effects in a variety of crustal magma types: Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., v. 64, p. 295-304.
87. Wickham, S. M., 1987, The segregation and emplacement of granitic magmas: Jour. Geol. Soc. London, v. 144, p. 281-297.