Two contrasting eclogite types in the Himalayas: Implications for the Himalayan orogeny

Journal of Geodynamics

Volumn 30, Issue 1-2, 2000, Pages 37-60

  Lombardo, Bruno ^a   Rolfo, Franco ^b  

^a CNR   (Italy)

^b UNIVERSITY OF TURIN   (Italy)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CONTINENTAL COLLISION; ECLOGITE; HIMALAYAN OROGENY; P-T CONDITIONS; ULTRAHIGH PRESSURE METAMORPHISM;

ASIA;

EID: 0034681629     PISSN: 02643707     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0264-3707(99)00026-5     Document Type: Conference Paper

References (81)

1. Bassett A.M., Kingery F.A., Krummenacher D., Layne H.F. Petrology, metamorphism and K-Ar age determinations in eastern Nepal. Saklani P.S. Tectonic Geology of the Himalaya. 1978;151-166 Today and Tomorrow's Publishers, New Delhi.
2. Berthelsen A. On the geology of the Rupshu district, NW Himalaya. Meddedelser fra Dansk Geol. Forening. 12:1953;350-415.
3. Besse J., Courtillot V., Pozzi J.P., Westphal M., Zhou Y.X. Palaeomagnetic estimates of crustal shortening in the Himalayan thrusts and Zangbo suture. Nature. 311:1984;621-626.
4. Bordet P. Recherches géologiques dans l'Himalaya du Népal, région du Makalu. 1961;Editions du CNRS, Paris. (275 pp).
5. Bordet P. Géologie de la dalle du Tibet (Himalaya central). Mémoires hors série de la Societé géologique de France. 8:1977;235-250.
6. Bordet, P., Latreille, M., 1958a. Esquisse géologique de l'Himalaya de l'Arun et de la région de l'Everest, 1:250000.
7. Bordet, P., Latreille, M., 1958b. Esquisse géologique de la région de l'Everest et du Makalu, 1:50000.
8. Borghi, S., Lombardo, B., 1995. A mineralogical record of exhumation in the Tibetan Slab of the Eastern Chomolungma Region (Southern Tibet). Mitteilungen aus dem Geologischen Institut der Eidgenössischen Technischen Hochschule und der Universität Zürich, Neue Folge, p. 298.
9. Brunel M., Kienast J.R. Etude pétro-structurale des chevauchements ductiles himalayens sur la transversale del l'Everest-Makalu (Népal oriental). Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences. 23:1986;1117-1137.
10. Brunel, M., 1983. Etude pétro-structurale des chevauchements ductiles en Himalaya (Népal oriental et Himalaya du Nord-Ouest). Thèse Doct. Sciences, Université de Paris VII, 395 pp.
11. Burchfiel, B.C.Z., Chen, Z., Hodges, K.V., Liu, Y., Royden, L.H., Deng, C., Xu, J., 1992. The South Tibetan Detachment System, Himalayan orogen: extension contemporaneous with and parallel to shortening in a collisional mountain belt. Geological Society of America, Special Paper 269, 41 pp.
12. Burg J.P., Brunel M., Gapais D., Chen G., Liu G.H. Deformation of leucogranites of the crystalline Main Central Sheet in southern Tibet (China). Journal of Structural Geology. 6:1984;535-542.
13. Carosi R., Lombardo B., Molli G., Musumeci G., Pertusati P.C. The south Tibetan detachment system in the Rongbuk valley, Everest region. Deformation features and geological implications. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences. 16:(2/3):1998;299-311.
14. Carswell D.A., O'Brien P.J., Wilson R.N., Zhai M. Thermobarometry of phengite-bearing eclogites in the Dabie Mountains of central China. Journal of Metamorphic Geology. 15:1997;239-252.
15. Castelli D., Rolfo F., Compagnoni R., Xu S. Metamorphic veins with kyanite, zoisite and quartz in the Zhu-Jia-Chong eclogite, Dabie Shan, China. The Island Arc. 7:1998;159-173.
16. Chaudry M.N., Ghazanfar M. Geology, structure and geomorphology of upper Kaghan valley, Northwestern Himalaya, Pakistan. Geological Bulletin University of Punjab. 22:1987;13-57.
17. Chaudry R.S. Petrogenesis of Cenozoic sediments of Northwestern Himalayas. Geological Magazine. 108:1987;43-48.
18. Colombo, F., Lombardo, B., Pognante, U., 1995. Lhotse and Makalu revisited: new data on the HT-LP metamorphism at the top of the Tibetan Slab. Mitteilungen aus dem Geologischen Institut der Eidgenössischen Technischen Hochschule und der Universität Zürich, Neue Folge, p. 298.
19. De Sigoyer J., Guillot S., Lardeaux J.M., Mascle G. Glaucophane-bearing eclogites in the Tso Morari dome (eastern Ladakh, Northwestern Himalaya). European Journal of Mineralogy. 9:1997;1073-1083.
20. De Sigoyer, J., Chavagnac, V., Baldwin, J., Luais, B., Blicher Toft, J., Villa, I.M., Guillot, S., 1999. Timing of the HP-LT Tso Morari evolution: From continental subduction to collision. Abstracts of the 14th Himalaya-Karakorum-Tibet Workshop, Kloster Ettal, Terra Nostra 99, 141-142.
21. Dezes P., Vannay J.C., Steck A., Bussy F., Cosca M. Synorogenic extension: quantitative constraints on the age and displacement of the Zanskar shear zone (Northwest Himalaya). Geological Society of America Bulletin. 111:1999;364-374.
22. Dietrich V., Gansser A. The leucogranites of the Bhutan Himalaya (crustal anatexis versus mantle melting). Schweizerische Mineralogische und Petrographische Mitteilungen. 61:1981;177-202.
23. Ellis D.J., Green D.H. An experimental study of the effect of Ca upon garnet clinopyroxene Fe-Mg exchange equilibria. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology. 71:1979;13-22.
24. Ferrara G., Lombardo B., Tonarini S. Rb/Sr geochronology of granites and gneisses from the Mount Everest region, Nepal Himalaya. Geologisches Rundschau. 72:1983;119-136.
25. Fontan, D., 1998. Regional geological mapping, metamorphic P-T-t paths evaluations and ore potential assessment in Neelum valley (Azad Kashmir, NE Pakistan). Ph.D. thesis, Univ. de Louvain, 182 pp.
26. Fontan, D., Schouppe, M., 1995. Geological Map of the Neelum Valley. In: Schouppe, M., Fontan, D., Verkaeren, J., Martinotti, G., Regional geological mapping and ore potential assessment in Neelum Valley, Azad Kashmir (Pakistan). Université Catholique de Louvain (UCL), Belgium, Università degli Studi di Torino (UST), Italy and Azad Kashmir Mineral Industrial Development Corporation (Pakistan). Final Report.
27. Gansser A. Geology of the Himalayas. 1964;Interscience, London. 289 pp.
28. Garzanti E., Baud A., Mascle G. Sedimentary record of the northward flight of India and its collision with Eurasia. Geodinamica Acta. 1:1987;297-312.
29. Graham C.M., Powell R. A garnet-hornblende geothermometer: calibration, testing, and application to the Pelona Schist, Southern California. Journal of Metamorphic Geology. 2:1984;13-31.
30. Greco A., Spencer D.A. A section through the Indian Plate, Kaghan Valley, Northwestern Himalaya, Pakistan. Treloar P.J, Searle M.P. Himalayan Tectonics. 1993;221-236 Geological Society of London, London. (Special Publication 74).
31. Greco A., Martinotti G., Papritz K., Ramsay J.G., Rey R. The crystalline rocks of the Kaghan Valley (NE Pakistan). Eclogae Geologicae Helvetiae. 82:1989;629-653.
32. Green D.H., Hellman P.L. Fe-Mg partitioning between coexisting garnet and phengite at high pressures, and comments on a garnet-phengite geothermometer. Lithos. 15:1982;253-266.
33. Guillot, S., Lardeaux, J.M., Mascle, G., Colchen, M., 1995. Un nouveau témoin du métamorphisme de haute- pression dans la chaine himalayenne (Dôme du Tso Morari, Est Ladakh), Compte Rendu Académie des Sciences, Paris, ser. IIa 320, pp. 931-936.
34. Guillot S., Allemand P., Le Fort P., Cosca M., Lardeaux J.M., De Sigoyer J. Metamorphic evolutions in the Himalayan belt related to the counterclockwise rotation of India. Abstracts of the 11th Himalaya-Karakorum-Tibet Workshop, Flagstaff :1996;56-57.
35. Harley S.L. An experimental study of the partitioning of Fe and Mg between garnet and orthopyroxene. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology. 86:1984;359-373.
36. 39Ar geochronologic constraints on Eohimalayan metamorphism in the Dinggyë area, southern Tibet. Contribution to Mineralogy and Petrology. 117:1994;151-163.
37. Holland T.J.B. The reaction albite = jadeite + quartz determined experimentally in the range 600-1200°C. American Mineralogist. 65:1980;129-134.
38. Holland T.J.B., Blundy J.D. Non-ideal interactions in calcic amphiboles and their bearing on amphibole-plagioclase thermometry. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology. 116:1994;433-447.
39. 2. Journal of Metamorphic Geology. 8:1990;89-124.
40. Hubbard M.S. Thermobarometric constraints on the thermal history of the Main Central Thrust Zone and Tibetan Slab, eastern Nepal Himalaya. Journal of Metamorphic Geology. 7:1989;19-30.
41. 40Ar age constraints on deformation and metamorphism in the Main Central Thrust Zone and Tibetan Slab, eastern Nepal Himalaya. Tectonics. 8:1989;865-880.
42. Kai K. Rb-Sr geochronology of the rocks of the Himalayas, Eastern Nepal. Part I. The metamorphic age of the Himalayan Gneiss. Memoirs of the Faculty of Science, Kyoto University, Series of Geology and Mineralogy. 47:(2):1981;135-148.
43. Kazmi A.H., Jan M.Q. Geology and Tectonics of Pakistan. 1997;Graphic Publishers, Karachi. 554 pp.
44. Klootwijk C.T., Conaghan P.J., Powell C.McA. The Himalayan arc: large scale continental subduction, oroclinal bending, and back-arc spreading. Earth and Planetary Sciences Letters. 75:1985;167-183.
45. Le Fort P. Himalaya: the collided range. Present knowledge of the continental arc. American Journal of Science. 275A:1975;1-44.
46. Le Fort P., Guillot S., Pêcher A. HP metamorphic belt along the Indus suture zone of Northwestern Himalaya: new discoveries and significance. Compte Rendu Académie des Sciences, Paris. 325:1997;773-778.
47. Le Pichon X., Henry P., Goffé B. Uplift of Tibet: from eclogites to granulites - implications for the Andean plateau and the Variscan belt. Tectonophysics. 273:1997;57-76.
48. Liu G., Einsele G. Sedimentary history of the Tethyan basin in the Tibetan Himalaya. Geologisches Rundschau. 83:1994;32-61.
49. Lombardo, B., Pertusati, P., Borghi, S., 1993. Geology and tectono-magmatic evolution of the eastern Himalaya along the Chomolungma-Makalu transect. In: Treloar, P.J., Searle, M.P. (Eds.), Himalayan Tectonics. Geological Society of London, Special Publication 74, pp. 341-355.
50. Lombardo B., Pertusati P., Rolfo F., Visonà D. First report of eclogites from the Eastern Himalaya: Implications for the Himalayan orogeny. Memorie di Scienze Geologiche dell'Università di Padova. 50:1998;67-68.
51. Lombardo, B., Rolfo, F., Compagnoni, R., 1999. Glaucophane and barroisite eclogites from the Upper Kaghan Nappe: implications for the metamorphic history of the Northwestern Himalaya. Tectonics of Western Himalaya and Karakoram, Geological Society of London, Special Publication, in press.
52. Maruo Y., Kizaki K. Thermal structure in the nappes of the eastern Nepal Himalayas. Shams F.A. Granites of Himalayas, Karakorum and Hindu Kush. 1983;271-286 Institute of Geology, Punjab University, Lahore.
53. Meier, K., Hiltner, E., 1993. Deformation and metamorphism within the Main Central Thrust zone, Arun tectonic Window, eastern Nepal. In: Treloar, P.J., Searle, M.P. (Eds.), Himalayan Tectonics. Geological Society of London, Special Publication 74, pp. 511-523.
54. Mu A.T., Wen S.H., Wang Y.K., Chang P.K., Yin C.H. Stratigraphy of the Mount Jolmo Lungma region in Southern Tibet, China. Scientia Sinica. 16:1973;96-111.
55. Najman, Y., Clift, P., Johnson, M.R.W., Robertson, A.H.F., 1993. Early stages of foreland basin evolution in the Lesser Himalaya, N India. In: Treloar, P.J., Searle, M.P. (Eds.), Himalayan Tectonics. Geological Society of London, Special Publication 74, pp. 541-558.
56. Newton R.C., Perkins D. Thermodynamic calibration of geobarometers based on the assemblages garnet-plagioclase-orthopyroxene (clinopyroxene)-quartz. American Mineralogist. 67:1982;203-222.
57. O'Brien P.J. Eclogite formation and distribution in the European Variscides. Carswell D.A. Eclogite Facies Rocks. 1990;204-224 Blackie, Glasgow and London.
58. O'Brien P.J. Garnet zoning and reaction textures in overprinted eclogites, Bohemian Massif, European Variscides: A record of their thermal history during exhumation. Lithos. 41:1997;119-133.
59. O'Brien P.J., Zotov N., Law R., Ahmed Khan M., Qasim Jan M. Coesite in eclogite from the Upper Kaghan Valley, Pakistan: A first record and implications (abstracts of the 14th Himalaya-Karakorum-Tibet workshop, Kloster Ettal). Terra Nostra. 99:1999;109-111.
60. Okay A.I. Paragonite eclogites from Dabie Shan, China: re-equilibration during exhumation? Journal of Metamorphic Geology. 13:1995;449-460.
61. Papritz K., Rey R. Evidence for the occurrence of Permian Panjal Trap Basalts in the Lesser- and Higher-Himalayas of the Western Syntaxis Area, NE Pakistan. Eclogae Geologicae Helvetiae. 82:1989;603-627.
62. Pognante U. Different P-T-t paths and leucogranite occurrences along the High Himalayan Crystalline: implications for subduction and collision along the Northern Indian margin. Geodinamica Acta. 6:1992;5-17.
63. Pognante U., Spencer D.A. First report of eclogites from the Himalayan belt, Kaghan valley (Northern Pakistan). European Journal of Mineralogy. 3:1991;613-618.
64. Pognante, U., Benna, P., 1993. Metamorphic zonation, migmatization, and leucogranites along the Everest transect (Eastern Nepal and Tibet): record of an exhumation history. In: Treloar, P.J., Searle, M.P. (Eds.), Himalayan Tectonics. Geological Society of London, Special Publication 74, pp. 323-340.
65. Powell R. Regression diagnostics and robust regression in geothermometer/geobarometer calibration: the garnet-clinopyroxene thermometer revisited. Journal of Metamorphic Geology. 3:1985;327-342.
66. 230Th disequilibrium on young U-Pb ages. The Makalu case, Himalaya. Earth and Planetary Science Letters. 67:1994;191-204.
67. Spencer, D.A., 1993. Tectonics of the Higher- and Tethyan Himalaya, Upper Kaghan Valley, Northwestern Himalaya, Pakistan: implications of an early collisional, high pressure (eclogite facies) metamorphism to the Himalayan belt. Dissertation ETH nr.10194.
68. Spencer D.A., Pognante U., Tonarini S. Geochemical and Sr-Nd isotopic characterisation of Higher Himalayan eclogites (and associated metabasites). European Journal of Mineralogy. 7:1995;89-102.
69. Spencer D.A., Ramsay J., Spencer-Cervato C., Pognante U., Chaudry M.N., Ghazanfar M. High pressure (eclogite facies) metamorphism in the Indian plate, Northwestern Himalaya, Pakistan. Proceedings of the Second Pakistan Geological Congress, Geological Bulletin University of Peshawar, vol. 23 :1990;87-100.
70. Tonarini S., Villa I.M., Oberli F., Meier M., Spencer D.A., Pognante U., Ramsay J.G. Eocene age of eclogite metamorphism in Pakistan Himalaya: implications for India-Eurasia collision. Terra Nova. 5:1993;13-20.
71. Tonarini S., Lombardo B., Ferrara G., Marcassa P. Partial melting in the Namche Migmatite Orthogneiss of Khumbu Himal (Nepal Himalaya). Mineralogica Petrographica Acta. 37:1994;277-294.
72. Treloar P.J., Rex D.C. Cooling and uplift histories of the crystalline thrust stack of the Indian Plate internal zones west of Nanga Parbat, Pakistan Himalaya. Tectonophysics. 180:1990;323-349.
73. Treloar P.J. Imbrication and unroofing of the Himalayan Thrust Stack of the North Indian Plate, North Pakistan. Geological Bulletin University of Peshawar. 22:1989;25-44.
74. Treloar P.J. Pressure-temperature-time paths and the relationship between collision, deformation and metamorphism in the North-west Himalaya. Geological Journal. 30:1995;333-348.
75. Treloar P.J., Coward M.P., Williams M.P., Khan M.A. Basement-cover imbrication south of the Main Mantle Thrust, North Pakistan. Geological Society of America, Special Paper. 232:1989;137-152.
76. Villa I.M. Geochronology and excess Ar geochemistry of the Lhotse Nup leucogranite, Nepal Himalaya. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research. 44:1990;89-103.
77. Visonà, D., Lombardo, B. Contrasting leucogranite genesis in the Everest-Makalu region, in preparation.
78. Wadia D.N. The sintaxis of the Northwest Himalaya: its rocks, tectonics and orogeny. Geological Survey of India. 63:(1):1931;129-138.
79. Waters D.J., Martin H.N. Geobarometry of phengite-bearing eclogites. Terra Abstracts. 5:1993;410-411.
80. Xizang Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1993. Regional geology of Xizang (Tibet) Autonomous Region. People's Republic of China, Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources, Geological Memoirs, 31/1, Geological Publishing House, Beijing, 707 pp. (in Chinese, with English summary).
81. Yin C.H., Kuo S.T. Stratigraphy of the Mount Jolmo Lungma and its north slope. Scientia Sinica. 21:1978;629-644.