What can I gain as a mentor? The effect of mentoring on the job performance and social status of mentors in China

Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology

Volumn 82, Issue 4, 2009, Pages 871-895

  Liu, Dong ^a   Liu, Jun ^b   Kwan, Ho Kwong ^c   Mao, Yina ^d  

^a UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON   (United States)

^b Renmin University of China   (China)

^c DREXEL UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^d CHINESE UNIVERSITY OF HONG KONG   (Hong Kong)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 76949103591     PISSN: 09631798     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1348/096317908X380664     Document Type: Article

References (115)

1. Adler, P. S., & Kwon, S. (2002). Social capital: Prospects for a new concept. Academy of Management Review, 27, 17-40.
2. Allen, T. D., Poteet, M. L., & Burroughs, S. M. (1997). The mentor's perspective: A qualitative inquiry and future research agenda. Journal of Vocational Behaviour, 51, 70-89.
3. Anderson, C. P., John, O. J., Keltner, D., & Kring, A. M. (2001). The origins of status within face-to-face social groups. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 81, 116-132.
4. Arthur, M. B., Khapova, S. N., & Wilderom, C. P. M. (2005). Career success in a boundaryless career world. Journal of Organizational Behaviour, 26, 177-202.
5. Arthur, M. B., & Rousseau, D. M. (1996). The boundaryless career: A new employment principle for a new organization era. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
6. Barnett, R. C., & Hyde, J. S. (2002). Women, men, work, and family: An expansionist theory. American Psychologist, 56, 781-796.
7. Baron, R. M., & Kenny, D. A. (1986). The moderator-mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51, 1173-1182.
8. Bartko, J. J. (1976). On various intra-class correlation reliability coefficients. Psychological Bulletin, 83, 762-765.
9. Bian, Y. (1997). Bringing strong ties back in: Indirect ties, network bridges, and job searches in China. American Sociological Review, 62, 366-385.
10. Borman, W. C., & Motowidlo, S. J. (1993). Expanding the criterion domain to include elements of contextual performance. In N. Schmitt & W. C. Borman, Associates (Eds.), Personnel selection in organizations (pp. 71-98). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass Publishers.
11. Bozionelos, N. (2003). Intra-organizational network resources: Relation to career success and personality. International Journal of Organizational Analysis, 11, 41-66.
12. Bozionelos, N. (2004). Mentoring provided: Relation to mentor's career success, personality, and mentoring received. Journal of Vocational Behaviour, 64, 24-46.
13. Bozionelos, N., & Wang, L. (2006). The relationship of mentoring and network resources with career success in the Chinese organizational environment. International Journal of Human Resource Management, 17, 1531-1546.
14. Brislin, R. W. (1980). Translation and content analysis of oral and written material. In H. C. Triandis & J. W. Berry (Eds.), Handbook of cross-cultural psychology (Vol. 2, pp. 349-444). Boston: Allyn and Bacon.
15. Bryk, A. S., & Raudenbush, S. W. (1992). Hierarchical linear models: Applications and data analysis methods. Newbury Park, CA: Sage Publications.
16. Chow, M. (2005). Are western leadership development approaches appropriate in China, or might a Chinese approach be more effective? Leadership in Action, 25, 12.
17. Chua, A. (2002). The influence of social interaction on knowledge creation. Journal of Intellectual Capital, 3, 375-392.
18. Clutterbuck, D. (2007). An international perspective on mentoring. In B. R. Ragins & K. E. Kram (Eds.), The handbook of mentoring at work: Research, theory and practice (pp. 633-655). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
19. Collins, P. M. (1994). Does mentorship among social workers make a difference? An empirical investigation of career outcomes. Social Work, 39, 413-419.
20. Cranny, C. J., Smith, P. C., & Stone, E. F. (1992). Job satisfaction: Advances in research and applications. New York, NY: The Free Press.
21. Crouter, A. C. (1984). Participative work as an influence on human development. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 5, 71-90.
22. Earley, P. C. (1993). East meets west meets mideast: Further explorations of collectivistic and individualistic work groups. Academy of Management Journal, 36, 319-348.
23. Eby, L. T., Durley, J. R., Evans, S. C., & Ragins, B. R. (2006). The relationship between short-term mentoring benefits and long-term mentor outcomes. Journal of Vocational Behaviour, 69, 424-444.
24. Eby, L. T., & Lockwood, A. (2005). Protégés and mentors' reactions to participating in formal mentoring programs: A qualitative investigation. Journal of Vocational Behaviour, 67, 441-458.
25. Festinger, L. (1950). Informal social communication. Psychological Review, 57, 271-282.
26. Fletcher, J. K., & Ragins, B. R. (2007). Stone centre relational cultural theory: A window on relational mentoring. In B. R. Ragins & K. E. Kram (Eds.), The handbook of mentoring at work: Research, theory and practice (pp. 373-399). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
27. Flynn, F. J. (2003). How much should I give and how often? The effects of generosity and frequency of favour exchange on social status and productivity. Academy of Management Journal, 46, 539-553.
28. Foa, U. G. (1971). Interpersonal and economic resources. Science, 171, 345-351.
29. Foa, U. G., & Foa, E. B. (1974). Societal structures of the mind. Springfield: Charles C. Thomas.
30. Frazier, P. A., Tix, A. P., & Barron, K. E. (2004). Testing moderator and mediator effects in counselling psychology research. Journal of Counselling Psychology, 51, 115-134.
31. Gentry, W. A., Weber, T. J., & Sadri, G. (2008). Examining career-related mentoring and managerial performance across cultures: A multilevel analysis. Journal of Vocational Behaviour, 72, 241-253.
32. George, J. M. (1990). Personality, affect, and behaviour in groups. Journal of Applied Psychology, 75, 107-116.
33. Gouillart, F. J., & Kelly, J. N. (1995). Transforming the organization. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill.
34. Granovetter, M. S. (1992). Problems of explanation in economic sociology. In N. Nohria & R. Eccles (Eds.), Networks and organizations: Structure, form and action (pp. 25-56). Boston: Harvard Business School Press.
35. Greenhaus, J. H., & Powell, G. N. (2006). When work and family are allies: A theory of work-family enrichment. Academy of Management Review, 31, 72-92.
36. nd ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.
37. Guberman, S. R., & Greenfield, P. M. (1991). Learning and transfer in everyday cognition. Cognitive Development, 6, 233-260.
38. Hall, D. T. (1986). Dilemmas in linking succession planning to individual executive learning. Human Resource Management, 25, 235-265.
39. Hall, D. T. (1996). Long live the career-A relational approach. In D. T. Hall, & Associates (Eds.), The career is dead-long live the career: A relational approach to careers (pp. 1-12). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
40. Hall, D. T., & Mirvis, P. H. (1996). The new protean career: Psychological success and the path with a heart. In D. T. Hall, & Associates (Eds.), The career is dead-long live the career: A relational approach to careers (pp. 15-45). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
41. Harrison, D. A., Price, K. H., & Bell, M. P. (1998). Beyond relational demography: Time and the effects of surfaceand deep-level diversity on work group cohesion. Academy of Management Journal, 41, 96-107.
42. Headlam-Wells, J., Gosland, J., & Craig, J. (2006). Beyond the organization: The design and management of E-mentoring systems. International Journal of Information Management, 26, 372-385.
43. Heaphy, E. D., & Dutton, J. E. (2008). Positive social interactions and the human body at work: Linking organizations and physiology. Academy of Management Review, 33, 137-162.
44. Heffner, T. S., & Rentsch, J. R. (2001). Organizational commitment and social interaction: A multiple constituencies approach. Journal of Vocational Behaviour, 59, 471-490.
45. Heslin, P. A. (2003). Selfand other-referent criteria of career success. Journal of Career Assessment, 11, 262-286.
46. Heslin, P. A. (2005). Conceptualizing and evaluating career success. Journal of Organizational Behaviour, 26, 113-136.
47. Hezlett, S. A. (2005). Protégés' learning in mentoring relationships: A review of the literature and an exploratory case study. Advances in Developing Human Resources, 7, 505-526.
48. Hezlett, S. A., & Gibson, S. K. (2006). Linking mentoring and social capital: Implications for career and organization development. Advances in Developing Human Resources, 9, 384-412.
49. Hildebrandt, L. (1987). Consumer retail satisfaction in rural areas: A reanalysis of survey data. Journal of Economic Psychology, 8, 19-42.
50. Hinde, R. A. (1997). Relationships: A dialectical perspective. East Sussex, UK: Psychology Press.
51. Hirschfeld, R. R., Thomas, C. H., & Lankau, M. J. (2006). Achievement and avoidance motivational orientations in the domain of mentoring. Journal of Vocational Behaviour, 68, 524-537.
52. Hoffman, D. A. (1997). An overview of the logic and rationale of hierarchical linear models. Journal of Management, 23, 723-744.
53. Hofstede, G. (1980). Culture's consequences: International differences in work-related values. London: Sage.
54. Hui, C. H., & Triandis, H. C. (1986). Individualism-collectivism: A study of cross-cultural researchers. Journal of Cross Cultural Psychology, 17, 225-248.
55. Hymowitz, C. (2005). Recruiting top talent in China takes a boss who likes to coach. Wall Street Journal (Eastern edition), 26(April), B.1.
56. Isen, A. M. (2001). An influence of positive affect on decision making in complex situations: Theoretical issues with practical implications. Journal of Consumer Psychology, 11, 75-85.
57. James, L. R. (1982). Aggregation bias in estimates of perceptual agreement. Journal of Applied Psychology, 67, 219-229.
58. James, L. R. (1988). Organizational climate: Another look at a potentially important construct. In S. G. Cole & R. G. Demaree (Eds.), Applications of interactionist psychology: Essays in honour of Saul B. Sells (pp. 253-282). Hillsdale, NJ: Earlbaum.
59. James, L. R., Demaree, R. G., & Wolf, G. (1984). Estimating within-group inter-rater reliability with and without response bias. Journal of Applied Psychology, 69, 85-98.
60. Johns, G. (2006). The essential impact of context on organizational behaviour. Academy of Management Review, 31, 386-408.
61. Johnson, K. K. P., Yust, B. L., & Fritchie, L. L. (2001). Views on mentoring by clothes and textiles faculty. Clothing and Textiles Research Journal, 19, 31-40.
62. Klein, K. J., & Kozlowski, S. W. J. (2000). From micro to meso: Critical steps in conceptualizing and conducting multilevel research. Organizational Research Methods, 3, 211-236.
63. Kleinman, G., Siegel, P. H., & Eckstein, C. (2001). Mentoring and learning: The case of CPA firms. Leadership and Organization Development Journal, 22, 22-33.
64. Kleinman, G., Siegel, P. H., & Eckstein, C. (2002). Teams as a learning forum for accounting professionals. Journal of Management Development, 21, 427-460.
65. Kram, K. E. (1985). Mentoring at work: Developmental relationships in organizational life. Glenview, IL: Scott, Foresman.
66. Kram, K. E. (1996). A relational approach to career development. In D. T. Hall, & Associates (Eds.), The career is dead-long live the career: A relational approach to careers (pp. 132-157). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
67. Kram, K. E., & Hall, D. T. (1989). Mentoring as an antidote to stress during corporate trauma. Human Resource Management, 28, 493-510.
68. Kram, K. E., & Isabella, L. A. (1985). Mentoring alternatives: The role of peer relationships in career development. Academy of Management Journal, 28, 110-132.
69. Lai, G., Lin, N., & Leung, S. (1998). Network resources, contact resources, and status attainment. Social Networks, 20, 159-178.
70. Lankau, M. J., & Scandura, T. A. (2002). An investigation of personal learning in mentoring relationships: Content, antecedents, and consequences. Academy of Management Journal, 45, 779-790.
71. Lankau, M. J., & Scandura, T. A. (2007). Mentoring as a forum for personal learning in organizations. In B. R. Ragins & K. E. Kram (Eds.), The handbook of mentoring at work: Theory, research and practice (pp. 95-122). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
72. Lau, V. P., Shaffer, M. A., & Au, K. (2007). Entrepreneurial career success from a Chinese perspective: Conceptualization, operationalization, and validation. Journal of International Business Studies, 38, 126-146.
73. Lee, C., & Farh, J. L. (2004). Joint effects of group efficacy and gender diversity on group cohesion and performance. Applied Psychology: An International Review, 53, 136-154.
74. Lin, N. (1999). Social networks and status attainment. Annual Review of Sociology, 25, 467-487.
75. Lin, N. (2001). Building a network theory of social capital. In N. Lin, K. Cook, & R. S. Burt (Eds.), Social capital: Theory and research (pp. 3-29). New York, NY: Aldine de Grupyter.
76. MacKinnon, D. P., Lockwood, C. M., Hoffman, J. M., West, S. G., & Sheets, V. (2002). A comparison of methods to test mediation and other intervening variable effects. Psychological Methods, 7, 83-104.
77. Marks, S. R. (1977). Multiple roles and role strain: Some notes on human energy, time and commitment. American Sociological Review, 42, 921-936.
78. Mezias, J. M., & Scandura, T. A. (2005). A needs-driven approach to expatriate adjustment and career development: A multiple mentoring perspective. Journal of International Business Studies, 36, 519-538.
79. Moorman, R. H., & Blakely, G. L. (1995). Individualism-collectivism as an individual difference predictor of organizational citizenship behaviour. Journal of Organizational Behaviour, 16, 127-142.
80. Moran, P. (2005). Structural versus relational embeddedness: Social capital and managerial performance. Strategic Management Journal, 26, 1129-1151.
81. Motowidlo, S. J. (2003). Job performance. In W. C. Borman, D. R. Ilgen, & R. J. Klimoski (Eds.), Handbook of psychology: Industrial and organizational psychology (Vol. 12, pp. 39-53). New York, NY: John Wiley and Sons.
82. Mullen, E. J. (1994). Framing the mentoring relationship as an information exchange. Human Resource Management Review, 4, 257-281.
83. Mullen, E. J., & Noe, R. A. (1999). The mentoring information exchange: When do mentors seek information from their protégés? Journal of Organizational Behaviour, 20, 233-242.
84. Nahapiet, J., & Ghoshal, S. (1998). Social capital, intellectual capital, and the organizational advantage. Academy of Management Review, 23, 242-268.
85. Narayanan, V. K., & Nath, R. (1984). The influence of group cohesiveness on some changes induced by flexitime: A quasi-experiment. Journal of Applied Behavioural Science, 20, 265-276.
86. Neyer, F. J. (2004). Dyadic fits and transactions in personality and relationships. In F. R. Lang & K. L. Fingerman (Eds.), Growing together: Personal relationships across the life span (pp. 290-316). Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
87. Nezlek, J. B. (2001). Causal relationships between perceived social skills and day-to-day social interaction: Extending the sociometer hypothesis. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 18, 386-403.
88. Noe, R. A., Greenberger, D. B., & Wang, S. (2002). Mentoring: What we know and where we might go. In G. R. Ferris & J. J. Martocchio (Eds.), Research in personnel and human resources management (Vol. 21, pp. 129-173). Greenwich: JAI Press.
89. Organ, D. W. (1988). Organizational citizenship behaviour: The good soldier syndrome. Lexington, MA: Lexington Books.
90. Ouchi, W. G. (1980). Markets, bureaucracies, and clans. Administrative Science Quarterly, 25, 129-140.
91. Oyserman, D., Coon, H. M., & Kemmelmeier, M. (2002). Rethinking individualism and collectivism: Evaluation of theoretical assumptions and meta-analyses. Psychological Bulletin, 128, 3-72.
92. Peng, M. W. (2006). Making M&A fly in China. Harvard Business Review, 84, 26-27.
93. Podolny, J. M., & Baron, J. N. (1997). Resources and relationships: Social networks and mobility in the workplace. American Sociological Review, 62, 673-693.
94. Podsakoff, P. M., MacKenzie, S. B., Lee, J. S., & Podsakoff, N. P. (2003). Common method biases in behavioural research: A critical review of the literature and recommended remedies. Journal of Applied Psychology, 88, 879-903.
95. Ragins, B. R. (1989). Barriers to mentoring: The female manager's dilemma. Human Relations, 42, 1-22.
96. Ragins, B. R., Cotton, J. L., & Miller, J. S. (2000). Marginal mentoring: The effects of type of mentor, quality of relationship, and program design on work and career attitudes. Academy of Management Journal, 43, 1177-1194.
97. Ragins, B. R., & Kram, K. E. (2007). The roots and meaning of mentoring. In B. R. Ragins & K. E. Kram (Eds.), The handbook of mentoring at work: Theory, research and practice (pp. 3-15). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
98. Ragins, B. R., & Scandura, T. A. (1999). Burden or blessing? Expected costs and benefits of being a mentor. Journal of Organizational Behaviour, 20, 493-509.
99. Ragins, B. R., & Verbos, A. K. (2007). Positive relationships in action: Relational mentoring and mentoring schemas in the workplace. In J. Dutton & B. R. Ragins (Eds.), Exploring positive relationships at work: Building a theoretical and research foundation (pp. 91-116). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
100. Raudenbush, S. W., & Bryk, A. S. (2002). Hierarchical linear models: Applications and data analysis methods. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
101. Rogers, C. R. (1983). Freedom to learn for the 80's. Columbus, OH: Charles E. Merrill.
102. Scandura, T. A., & Schriesheim, C. A. (1994). Leader-member exchange and supervisor career mentoring as complementary constructs in leadership research. Academy of Management Journal, 37, 1588-1602.
103. Seibert, S. E., Kraimer, M. L., & Liden, R. C. (2001). A social capital theory of career success. Academy of Management Journal, 44, 219-237.
104. Sheldon, M. W. (1971). Investments and involvements as mechanisms producing commitment to the organization. Administrative Science Quarterly, 16, 143-150.
105. Shrout, P. E., & Bolger, N. (2002). Mediation in experimental and non-experimental studies: New procedures and recommendations. Psychological Methods, 7, 422-445.
106. Sobel, M. E. (1982). Asymptotic confidence intervals for indirect effects in structural equation models. Sociological Methodology, 13, 290-312.
107. Spector, P. E. (2006). Method variance in organizational research: Truth or urban legend? Organizational Research Methods, 9, 221-232.
108. Thomas, D. A. (1990). The impact of race on managers' experiences of developmental relationships (mentoring and sponsorship): An intra-organizational study. Journal of Organizational Behaviour, 11, 479-492.
109. Underhill, C. M. (2006). The effectiveness of mentoring programs in corporate settings: A metaanalytical review of the literature. Journal of Vocational Behaviour, 68, 292-307.
110. Wanberg, C. R., Kammeyer-Mueller, J., & Marchese, M. (2006). Mentor and protégé predictors and outcomes of mentoring in a formal mentoring program. Journal of Vocational Behaviour, 69, 410-423.
111. Wanberg, C. R., Welsh, E. T., & Hezlett, S. A. (2003). Mentoring research: A review and dynamic process model. Research in Personnel and Human Resources Management, 22, 39-124.
112. Williams, L. J., & Anderson, S. E. (1991). Job satisfaction and organizational commitment as predictors of citizenship and in-role behaviours. Journal of Management, 17, 601-617.
113. Xie, J., & Johns, G. (2000). Interactive effects of absence culture salience and group cohesiveness: A multi-level and cross-level analysis of work absenteeism in the Chinese context. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 73, 31-52.
114. Xin, K. R., & Pearce, J. L. (1996). Guanxi: Connections as substitutes for formal institutional support. Academy of Management Journal, 39, 1641-1658.
115. Zey, M. G. (1984). The mentor connection. Homewood, IL: Dow Jones-Irwin.