Chemokines and chemokine receptors as therapeutic targets in chronic kidney disease

Frontiers in Bioscience - Scholar

Volumn 1 S, Issue 1, 2009, Pages 1-12

  Vielhauer, Volker ^a   Anders, Hans Joachim ^a  

^a LUDWIG MAXIMILIANS UNIVERSITY   (Germany)

Author keywords

Chemokines; Glomerulonephritis; Glomerulosclerosis; Inflammation; Kidney disease; Review

Indexed keywords

ANTIINFLAMMATORY AGENT; CHEMOKINE; CHEMOKINE RECEPTOR; IMMUNOSUPPRESSIVE AGENT;

ANIMAL; CHRONIC KIDNEY FAILURE; DISEASE COURSE; DRUG EFFECT; HUMAN; PATHOLOGY; PHYSIOLOGY; REVIEW;

ANIMALS; ANTI-INFLAMMATORY AGENTS; CHEMOKINES; DISEASE PROGRESSION; HUMANS; IMMUNOSUPPRESSIVE AGENTS; KIDNEY FAILURE, CHRONIC; RECEPTORS, CHEMOKINE;

EID: 76749113694     PISSN: 19450516     EISSN: 19450524     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2741/s1     Document Type: Article

References (81)

1. G. J. Becker and T. D. Hewitson: The role of tubulointerstitial injury in chronic renal failure. Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens 9, 133-138 (2000) (Pubitemid 30131443)
2. K. A. Nath: Tubulointerstitial changes as a major determinant in the progression of renal damage. Am J Kidney Dis 20:1-17 (1992)
3. G. D'Amico: Tubulo-interstitial damage in glomerular diseases: its role in the progression of the renal damage. Nephrol Dial Transplant 13(Suppl 1), 80-85 (1998) (Pubitemid 28059586)
4. S. K. Lee, M. Goyal, M. de Miguel, P. Thomas, B. Wharram, R. Dysko, S. Phan, P. D. Killen and R. C. Wiggins: Renal biopsy collagen I mRNA predicts scarring in rabbit anti-GBM disease: comparison with conventional measures. Kidney Int 52, 1000-1015 (1997) (Pubitemid 27435833)
5. A. A. Eddy: Molecular basis of renal fibrosis. Pediatr Nephrol 15, 290-301 (2000)
6. R. A. Risdon, J. C. Sloper and H. E. de Wardener: Relationship between renal function and histologic changes found in renal biopsy specimens from patients with persistent glomerulonephritis. Lancet 2, 363-366 (1968)
7. L. I. Schainuck, G. E. Stricker, R. E. Cutler and E. P. Benditt: Structural-functional correlations in renal disease. II. The correlations. Hum Pathol 1, 631-641 (1970)
8. J. S. Duffield, P. G. Tipping, T. Kipari, J. F. Cailhier, S. Clay, R. Lang, J. V. Bonventre and J. Hughes: Conditional ablation of macrophages halts progression of crescentic glomerulonephritis. Am J Pathol 167, 1207-1219 (2005) (Pubitemid 41541408)
9. B. Rodríguez-Iturbe, H. Pons, J. Herrera-Acosta and R. J. Johnson: Role of immunocompetent cells in nonimmune renal disease. Kidney Int 59, 1626-1640 (2001) (Pubitemid 32336778)
10. M. R. Daha: Mechanisms of mesangial injury in glomerular diseases. J Nephrol 13(Suppl 3), S89-S95 (2000)
11. W. Kriz, M. Kretzler, M. Nagata, A. P. Provoost, I. Shirato, S. Uiker, T. Sakai and K. V. Lemley: A frequent pathway to glomerulosclerosis: deterioration of tuft architecture-podocyte damage-segmental sclerosis. Kidney Blood Press Res 19, 245-253 (1996) (Pubitemid 26395311)
12. S. Segerer, P. J. Nelson and D. Schlöndorff: Chemokines, chemokine receptors, and renal disease: From basic science to pathophysiologic and therapeutic studies. J Am Soc Nephrol 11, 152-176 (2000) (Pubitemid 30020438)
13. H. J. Anders, V. Vielhauer, M. Kretzler, C. D. Cohen, S. Segerer, B. Luckow, L. Weller, H. J. Gröne and D. Schlöndorff: Chemokine and chemokine receptor expression during initiation and resolution of immune complex glomerulonephritis. J Am Soc Nephrol 12, 919-931 (2001) (Pubitemid 32378332)
14. V. Vielhauer, H. J. Anders, M. Mack, J. Cihak, F. Strutz, M. Stangassinger, B. Luckow, H. J. Gröne and D. Schlöndorff: Obstructive nephropathy in the mouse: Progressive fibrosis correlates with tubulointerstitial chemokine expression and accumulation of CC chemokine receptor 2 and 5 positive leukocytes. J Am Soc Nephrol 12, 1173-1187 (2001) (Pubitemid 32472630)
15. F. Strutz and G. A. Muller: Interstitial pathomechanisms underlying progressive tubulointerstitial damage. Kidney Blood Press Res 22, 71-80 (1999) (Pubitemid 29243449)
16. F. Strutz, M. Zeisberg, F. N. Ziyadeh, C. Q. Yang, R. Kalluri, G. A. Muller and E. G. Neilson: Role of basic fibroblast growth factor-2 in epithelial-mesenchymal transformation. Kidney Int 61, 1714-1728 (2002) (Pubitemid 34437925)
17. T. Wada, N. Sakai, K. Matsushima and S. Kaneko: Fibrocytes: A new insight into kidney fibrosis. Kidney Int 72, 269-273 (2007) (Pubitemid 47172378)
18. M. Abbate, C. Zoja, D. Corna, M. Capitanio, T. Bertani and G. Remuzzi: In progressive nephropathies, overload of tubular cells with filtered proteins translates glomerular permeability dysfunction into cellular signals of interstitial inflammation. J Am Soc Nephrol 9, 1213-1224 (1998) (Pubitemid 28283884)
19. W. Kriz, I. Hartmann, H. Hosser, B. Hahnel, B. Kranzlin, A. Provoost and N. Gretz: Tracer studies in the rat demonstrate misdirected filtration and peritubular filtrate spreading in nephrons with segmental glomerulosclerosis. J Am Soc Nephrol 12, 496-506 (2001) (Pubitemid 32180018)
20. D. H. Kang, J. Kanellis, C. Hugo, L. Truong, S. Anderson, D. Kerjaschki, G. F. Schreiner and R. J. Johnson: Role of the microvascular endothelium in progressive renal disease. J Am Soc Nephrol 13, 806-816 (2002) (Pubitemid 34183950)
21. J. T. Norman, I. M. Clark and P. L. Garcia: Hypoxia promotes fibrogenesis in human renal fibroblasts. Kidney Int 58, 2351-2366 (2000)
22. B. Javaid and R. J. Quigg: Treatment of glomerulonephritis: Will we ever have options other than steroids and cytotoxics? Kidney Int 67, 1692-1703 (2005) (Pubitemid 40577703)
23. W. G. Couser: Rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis: classification, pathogenetic mechanisms, and therapy. Am J Kidney Dis 11, 449-464 (1988)
24. F. F. Hejailli, L. M. Moist and W. F. Clark: Treatment of lupus nephritis. Drugs 63, 257-274 (2003) (Pubitemid 36197499)
25. G. Contreras, V. Pardo, B. Leclercq, O. Lenz, E. Tozman, P. O'Nan and D. Roth: Sequential therapies for proliferative lupus nephritis. N Engl J Med 350, 971-980 (2004) (Pubitemid 38269274)
26. F. Locatelli, C. Pozz and S. Andrulli: IgA nephritis: ACE inhibitors, steroids, both or neither? Nephrol Dial Transplant 21, 3357-3361 (2006) (Pubitemid 44817079)
27. L. Nolin and M. Courteau M: Management of IgA nephropathy: evidence-based recommendations. Kidney Int 70(Suppl):S56-S62 (1999)
28. J. S. Smolen and R. N. Maini: Interleukin-6: a new therapeutic target. Arthritis Res Ther 8(Suppl 2), S5 (2006)
29. A. T. Paul, V. M. Gohil and K. K. Bhutani: Modulating TNF-alpha signaling with natural products. Drug Discov Today 11, 725-732 (2006) (Pubitemid 44038620)
30. W. W. Tang, S. Yin, A. J. Wittwer and M. Qi: Chemokine gene expression in anti-glomerular basement membrane antibody glomerulonephritis. Am J Physiol 269, F323-F330 (1995)
31. S. Chen, K. B. Bacon, L. Li, G. E. Garcia, Y. Xia, D. Lo, D. A. Thompson, M. A. Siani, T. Yamamoto, J. K. Harrison and L. Feng: In vivo inhibition of CC and CX3C chemokine-induced leukocyte infiltration and attenuation of glomerulonephritis in Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats by vMIP-II. J Exp Med 188, 193-198 (1998) (Pubitemid 28328617)
32. U. Panzer, O. M. Steinmetz, R. R. Reinking, T. N. Meyer, S. Fehr, A. Schneider, G. Zahner, G. Wolf, U. Helmchen, P. Schaerli, R. A. Stahl and F. Thaiss: Compartment-specific expression and function of the chemokine IP-10/CXCL10 in a model of renal endothelial microvascular injury. J Am Soc Nephrol 17, 454-464 (2006)
33. U. Panzer, O. M. Steinmetz, H. J. Paust, C. Meyer-Schwesinger, A. Peters, J. E. Turner, G. Zahner, F. Heymann, C. Kurts, H. Hopfer, U. Helmchen, F. Haag, A. Schneider and R. A. Stahl: Chemokine receptor CXCR3 mediates T cell recruitment and tissue injury in nephrotoxic nephritis in mice. J Am Soc Nephrol 18, 2071-2084 (2007) (Pubitemid 47041073)
34. A. Schneider, U. Panzer, G. Zahner, U. Wenzel, G. Wolf, F. Thaiss, U. Helmchen and R. A. Stahl: Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 mediates collagen deposition in experimental glomerulonephritis by transforming growth factor-beta. Kidney Int 56, 135-144 (1999) (Pubitemid 29300528)
35. H. Okada, K. Moriwaki, R. Kalluri, H. Imai, S. Ban, M. Takahama and H. Suzuki: Inhibition of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 expression in tubular epithelium attenuates tubulointerstitial alteration in rat Goodpasture syndrome. Kidney Int 57, 927-936 (2000) (Pubitemid 30434783)
36. W. W. Tang, M. Qi and J. S. Warren: Monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 mediates glomerular macrophage infiltration in anti-GBM Ab GN. Kidney Int 50, 665-671. (1996) (Pubitemid 26274399)
37. H. Fujinaka, T. Yamamoto, M. Takeya, L. Feng, K. Kawasaki, E. Yaoita, D. Kondo, C. B. Wilson, M. Uchiyama and I. Kihara: Suppression of anti-glomerular basement membrane nephritis by administration of antimonocyte chemoattractant protein-1 antibody in WKY rats. J Am Soc Nephrol 8, 1174-1178 (1997) (Pubitemid 27427226)
38. C. M. Lloyd, A. W. Minto, M. E. Dorf, A. Proudfoot, T. N. Wells, D. J. Salant and J. C. Gutierrez-Ramos: RANTES and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) play an important role in the inflammatory phase of crescentic nephritis, but only MCP-1 is involved in crescent formation and interstitial fibrosis. J Exp Med 185, 1371-1380 (1997) (Pubitemid 27172917)
39. G. H. Tesch, A. Schwarting, K. Kinoshita, H. Y. Lan, B. J. Rollins and V. R. Kelley: Monocyte chemo attractant protein-1 promotes macrophage-mediated tubular injury, but not glomerular injury, in nephrotoxic serum nephritis. J Clin Invest 103, 73-80 (1999) (Pubitemid 29031165)
40. U. Panzer, A. Schneider, J. Wilken, D. A. Thompson, S. B. Kent and R. A. Stahl: The chemokine receptor antagonist AOP-RANTES reduces monocyte infiltration in experimental glomerulonephritis. Kidney Int 56, 2107-2115 (1999) (Pubitemid 30004739)
41. O. Fituri, N. Shemmeri, D. Salant D and W. W. Hancock: Targeting of chemokine receptor CCR5 does not protect against renal injury in murine nephrotoxic nephritis (NTN). J Am Soc Nephrol 11, 488A (2000) (abstract)
42. L. Feng, S. Chen, G. E. Garcia, Y. Xia, M. A. Siani, P. Botti, C. B. Wilson, J. K. Harrison and K. B. Bacon: Prevention of crescentic glomerulonephritis by immunoneutralization of the fractalkine receptor CX3CR1. Kidney Int 56, 612-620 (1999) (Pubitemid 29353159)
43. H. J. Anders, V. Vielhauer, M. Frink, Y. Linde, C. D. Cohen, S. M. Blattner, M. Kretzler, F. Strutz, M. Mack, H. J. Gröne, J. Onuffer, R. Horuk, P. J. Nelson and D. Schlöndorff: A chemokine receptor CCR-1 antagonist reduces renal fibrosis after unilateral ureter ligation. J Clin Invest 109, 251-259 (2002) (Pubitemid 34083745)
44. V. Eis, B. Luckow, V. Vielhauer, J. T. Siveke, Y. Linde, S. Segerer, G. Perez de Lema, C. D. Cohen, M. Kretzler, M. Mack, R. Horuk, P. M. Murphy, J. L. Gao, K. L. Hudkins, C. E. Alpers, H. J. Gröne, D. Schlöndorff and H. J. Anders. Chemokine receptor CCR1 but not CCR5 mediates leukocyte recruitment and subsequent renal fibrosis after unilateral ureteral obstruction. J Am Soc Nephrol 14, 337-347 (2004) (Pubitemid 38140774)
45. K. Kitagawa, T. Wada, K. Furuichi, H. Hashimoto, Y. Ishiwata, M. Asano, M. Takeya, W. A. Kuziel, K. Matsushima, N. Mukaida and H. Yokoyama. Blockade of CCR2 ameliorates progressive fibrosis in kidney. Am J Pathol 165, 237-246 (2004) (Pubitemid 38821831)
46. T. Wada, K. Furuichi, N. Sakai, Y. Iwata, K. Kitagawa, Y. Ishida, T. Kondo, H. Hashimoto, Y. Ishiwata, N. Mukaida, N. Tomosugi, K. Matsushima, K. Egashira and H. Yokoyama: Gene therapy via blockade of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 for renal fibrosis. J Am Soc Nephrol 15, 940-948 (2004) (Pubitemid 38375313)
47. H. Shimizu, S. Maruyama, Y. Yuzawa, T. Kato, Y. Miki, S. Suzuki, W. Sato, Y. Morita, H. Maruyama, K. Egashira and S. Matsuo: Anti-monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 gene therapy attenuates renal injury induced by protein-overload proteinuria. J Am Soc Nephrol 14, 1496-1505 (2003) (Pubitemid 36687051)
48. Y. Wang, Y. P. Wang, Y. C. Tay and D. C. Harris: Progressive adriamycin nephropathy in mice: sequence of histologic and immunohistochemical events. Kidney Int 58, 1797-1804 (2000)
49. A. Chen, L. F. Sheu, Y. S. Ho, Y. F. Lin, W. Y. Chou, T. C. Chou and W. H. Lee: Experimental focal segmental glomerulosclerosis in mice. Nephron 78, 440-452 (1998) (Pubitemid 28154166)
50. V. Vielhauer, E. Berning, V. Eis, M. Kretzler, S. Segerer, F. Strutz, R. Horuk, H. J. Gröne, D. Schlöndorff and H. J. Anders: CCR1 blockade reduces interstitial inflammation and fibrosis in mice with glomerulosclerosis and nephrotic syndrome. Kidney Int 66:2264-2278 (2004) (Pubitemid 41115289)
51. H. Wu, Y. Wang, Y. C. Tay, G. Zheng, C. Zhang, S. I. Alexander and D. C. Harris: DNA vaccination with naked DNA encoding MCP-1 and RANTES protects against renal injury in adriamycin nephropathy. Kidney Int 67, 2178-2186 (2005) (Pubitemid 41623379)
52. G. Zheng, Y. Wang, S. H. Xiang, Y. C. Tay, H. Wu, D. Watson, J. Coombes, G. K. Rangan, S. I. Alexander and D. C. Harris: DNA vaccination with CCL2 DNA modified by the addition of an adjuvant epitope protects against "nonimmune" toxic renal injury. J Am Soc Nephrol 17, 465-474 (2006)
53. B. L. Kotzin: Systemic lupus erythematosus. Cell 85, 303-306 (1996) (Pubitemid 26160701)
54. V. Vielhauer, H. J. Anders and D. Schlöndorff: Chemokines and chemokine receptors as therapeutic targets in lupus nephritis. Semin Nephrol 27 81-97 (2007)
55. H. J. Anders, E. Belemezova, V. Eis, S. Segerer, V. Vielhauer, G. Perez de Lema, M. Kretzler, C. D. Cohen, M. Frink, R. Horuk, K. L. Hudkins, C. E. Alpers, F. Mampaso and D. Schlöndorff: Late onset of treatment with a chemokine receptor CCR1 antagonist prevents progression of lupus nephritis in MRL-Fas (lpr) mice. J Am Soc Nephrol 15, 1504-1513 (2004) (Pubitemid 38679675)
56. G. H. Tesch, S. Maifert, A. Schwarting, B. J. Rollins and V. R. Kelley: Monocyte chemoattractant protein 1-dependent leukocytic infiltrates are responsible for autoimmune disease in MRL-Fas (lpr) mice. J Exp Med 190, 1813-1824 (1999) (Pubitemid 30013847)
57. G. Perez de Lema, H. Maier, T. J. Franz, M. Escribese, S. Chilla, S. Segerer, N. Camarasa, H. Schmid, B. Banas, S. Kalaydjiev, D. H. Busch, K. Pfeffer, F. Mampaso, D. Schlöndorff and B. Luckow B: Chemokine receptor Ccr2 deficiency reduces renal disease and prolongs survival in MRL/lpr lupus-prone mice. J Am Soc Nephrol 16, 3592-3601 (2005) (Pubitemid 46211280)
58. H. Hasegawa H, M. Kohno, M. Sasaki, A. Inoue, M. R. Ito, M. Terada, K. Hieshima, H. Maruyama, J. Miyazaki, O. Yoshie, M. Nose and S. Fujita: Antagonist of monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 ameliorates the initiation and progression of lupus nephritis and renal vasculitis in MRL/lpr mice. Arthritis Rheum 48, 2555-2566 (2003) (Pubitemid 37129432)
59. S. Shimizu, H. Nakashima, K. Masutani, Y. Inoue, K. Miyake, M. Akahoshi, Y. Tanaka, K. Egashira, H. Hirakata, T. Otsuka and M. Harada: Anti-monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 gene therapy attenuates nephritis in MRL/lpr mice. Rheumatology 43, 1121-1128 (2004) (Pubitemid 39232817)
60. S. Shimizu, H. Nakashima, K. Karube, K. Ohshima and K. Egashira: Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 activates a regional Th1 immunoresponse in nephritis of MRL/lpr mice. Clin Exp Rheumatol 23, 239-242 (2005) (Pubitemid 40663007)
61. O. Kulkarni, R. D. Pawar, W. Purschke, D. Eulberg, N. Selve, K. Buchner, V. Ninichuk, S. Segerer, V. Vielhauer, S. Klussmann and H. J. Anders: Spiegelmer inhibition of CCL2/MCP-1 ameliorates lupus nephritis in MRL-(Fas) lpr mice. J Am Soc Nephrol 18, 2350-2358 (2007) (Pubitemid 47203851)
62. A. Inoue, H. Hasegawa, M. Kohno, M. R. Ito, M. Terada, T. Imai, O. Yoshie, M. Nose and S. Fujita: Antagonist of fractalkine (CX3CL1) delays the initiation and ameliorates the progression of lupus nephritis in MRL/lpr mice. Arthritis Rheum 52, 1522-1533 (2005) (Pubitemid 40663944)
63. K. Balabanian, J. Couderc, L. Bouchet-Delbos, R. L. Coffman, P. Galanaud, M. Peuchmaur and D. Emilie: Role of the chemokine stromal cell-derived factor 1 in autoantibody production and nephritis in murine lupus. J Immunol 170, 3392-3400 (2003) (Pubitemid 36302219)
64. V. Ninichuk, A. G. Khandoga, S. Segerer, P. Loetscher, A. Schlapbach, L. Revesz, R. Feifel, A. Khandoga, F. Krombach, P. J. Nelson, D. Schlöndorff and H. J. Anders. The role of interstitial macrophages in nephropathy of type 2 diabetic db/db mice. Am J Pathol 170, 1267-1276 (2007) (Pubitemid 47339334)
65. F. Y. Chow, D. J. Nikolic-Paterson, E. Ozols, R. C. Atkins, B. J. Rollin and G. H. Tesch. Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 promotes the development of diabetic renal injury in streptozotocin-treated mice. Kidney Int 69, 73-80 (2006) (Pubitemid 43117741)
66. F. Y. Chow, D. J. Nikolic-Paterson, F. Y. Ma, E. Ozols, B. J. Rollins and G. H. Tesch: Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1-induced tissue inflammation is critical for the development of renal injury but not type 2 diabetes in obese db/db mice. Diabetologia 50, 471-480 (2007)
67. H. Kanamori, T. Matsubara, A. Mima, E. Sumi, K. Nagai, T. Takahashi, H. Abe, N. Iehara, A. Fukatsu, H. Okamoto, T. Kita, T. Doi and H. Arai: Inhibition of MCP-1/CCR2 pathway ameliorates the development of diabetic nephropathy. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 360, 772-777 (2007) (Pubitemid 47077388)
68. B. G. Hudson, K. Tryggvason, M. Sundaramoorthy and E. G. Neilson: Alport's syndrome, Goodpasture's syndrome, and type IV collagen. N Engl J Med 348, 2543-2556 (2003) (Pubitemid 36706542)
69. D. Cosgrove, D. T. Meehan, J. A. Grunkemeyer, J. M. Kornak, R. Sayers, W. J. Hunter and G. C. Samuelson: Collagen COL4A3 knockout: a mouse model for autosomal Alport syndrome. Genes Dev 10, 2981-2992 (1996) (Pubitemid 26412525)
70. V. Ninichuk, O. Gross, C. Reichel, A. Khandoga, R. D. Pawar, R. Ciubar, S. Segerer, E. Belemezova, E. Radomska, B. Luckow, G. Perez de Lema, P. M. Murphy, J. L. Gao, A. Henger, M. Kretzler, R. Horuk, M. Weber, F. Krombach, D. Schlöndorff and H. J. Anders: Delayed chemokine receptor 1 blockade prolongs survival in collagen 4A3-deficient mice with Alport disease. J Am Soc Nephrol 16, 977-985 (2005) (Pubitemid 41710308)
71. G. Perez de Lema, H. Maier, E. Nieto, V. Vielhauer, B. Luckow, F. Mampaso and D. Schlöndorff: Chemokine expression precedes inflammatory cell infiltration and chemokine receptor and cytokine expression during the initiation of murine lupus nephritis. J Am Soc Nephrol 12, 1369-1382 (2001) (Pubitemid 32666320)
72. P. S. Topham, V. Csizmadia, D. Soler, D. Hines, C. J. Gerard, D. J. Salant and W. W. Hancock: Lack of chemokine receptor CCR1 enhances Th1 responses and glomerular injury during nephrotoxic nephritis. J Clin Invest 104, 1549-1557 (1999) (Pubitemid 30002366)
73. J. E. Bird, M. R. Giancarli, T. Kurihara, M. C. Kowala, M. T. Valentine, P. H. Gitlitz, D. G. Pandya, M. H. French and S. K. Durham: Increased severity of glomerulonephritis in C-C chemokine receptor 2 knockout mice. Kidney Int 57, 129-136 (2000) (Pubitemid 30227760)
74. M. L. de Schoolmeester, M. C. Little, B. J. Rollins and K. J. Else: Absence of CC chemokine ligand 2 results in an altered Th1/Th2 cytokine balance and failure to expel Trichuris muris infection. J Immunol 170, 693-700 (2003)
75. H. Bruhl, J. Cihak, M. A. Schneider, J. Plachý, T. Rupp, I. Wenzel, M. Shakarami, S. Milz, J. W. Ellwart, M. Stangassinger, D. Schlöndorff and M. Mack: Dual role of CCR2 during initiation and progression of collageninduced arthritis: evidence for regulatory activity of CCR2+ T cells. J Immunol 172, 890-898 (2004) (Pubitemid 38113746)
76. H. J. Anders, M. Frink, Y. Linde, B. Banas, M. Wörnle, C. D. Cohen, V. Vielhauer, P. J. Nelson, H. J. Gröne and D. Schlöndorff: CC chemokine ligand 5/RANTES chemokine antagonists aggravate glomerulonephritis despite reduction of glomerular leukocyte infiltration. J Immunol 170, 5658-5666 (2003) (Pubitemid 36617858)
77. A. E. Proudfoot, R. Buser, F. Borlat, S. Alouani, D. Soler, R. E. Offord, J. M. Schroder, C. A. Power and T. N. Wells:. Amino-terminally modified RANTES analogues demonstrate differential effects on RANTES receptors. J Biol Chem 274, 32478-32485 (1999)
78. J. A. Jefferson and R. J. Johnson: Experimental mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis (the anti-Thy-1.1 model). J Nephrol 12, 297-307 (1999) (Pubitemid 30014640)
79. R. Förster, A. Schubel, D. Breitfeld, E. Kremmer, I. Renner-Muller, E. Wolf and M. Lipp: CCR7 coordinates the primary immune response by establishing functional microenvironments in secondary lymphoid organs. Cell 99, 23-33 (1999) (Pubitemid 29468627)
80. X. Wu and S. L. Peng: Toll-like receptor 9 signaling protects against murine lupus. Arthritis Rheum 54, 336-342 (2006) (Pubitemid 43122217)
81. P. S. Patole, D. Zecher, R. D. Pawar, H. J. Gröne, D. Schlöndorff and H. J. Anders: G-rich DNA suppresses systemic lupus. J Am Soc Nephrol 16, 3273-3280 (2005) (Pubitemid 46187549)