Variation in human performance in the hypoxic mountain environment

Experimental Physiology

Volumn 95, Issue 3, 2010, Pages 463-470

  Martin, Daniel S ^a   Levett, Denny Z H ^a   Grocott, Mike P W ^a   Montgomery, Hugh E ^a  

^a ROYAL FREE AND UNIVERSITY COLLEGE MEDICAL SCHOOL   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

HEMOGLOBIN; OXYGEN;

ADAPTATION; ALTITUDE; ALTITUDE ACCLIMATIZATION; ARTERIAL OXYGEN TENSION; ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE; GENETIC VARIABILITY; GENOTYPE; HEART FUNCTION; HEMOGLOBIN BLOOD LEVEL; HUMAN; INFANCY; LUNG VENTILATION; MANUAL LABOR; MUSCLE BLOOD FLOW; MUSCLE METABOLISM; OXYGEN CONSUMPTION; OXYGEN TRANSPORT; PERFORMANCE; REVIEW;

EID: 76749111581     PISSN: 09580670     EISSN: 1469445X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1113/expphysiol.2009.047589     Document Type: Review

References (53)

1. Aragones J, Schneider M, Van Geyte K, Fraisl P, Dresselaers T, Mazzone M, Dirkx R, Zacchigna S, Lemieux H, Jeoung NH, Lambrechts D, Bishop T, Lafuste P, Diez-Juan A, Harten SK, Van Noten P, De Bock K, Willam C, Tjwa M, Grosfeld A, Navet R, Moons L, Vandendriessche T, Deroose C, Wijeyekoon B, Nuyts J, Jordan B, Silasi-Mansat R, Lupu F, Dewerchin M, Pugh C, Salmon P, Mortelmans L, Gallez B, Gorus F, Buyse J, Sluse F, Harris RA, Gnaiger E, Hespel P, Van Hecke P, Schuit F, Van Veldhoven P, Ratcliffe P, Baes M, Maxwell P Carmeliet P (2008). Deficiency or inhibition of oxygen sensor Phd1 induces hypoxia tolerance by reprogramming basal metabolism. Nat Genet 40, 170 180.
2. Brooks GA, Wolfel EE, Groves BM, Bender PR, Butterfield GE, Cymerman A, Mazzeo RS, Sutton JR, Wolfe RR Reeves JT (1992). Muscle accounts for glucose disposal but not blood lactate appearance during exercise after acclimatization to 4,300 m. J Appl Physiol 72, 2435 2445.
3. Butterfield GE, Gates J, Fleming S, Brooks GA, Sutton JR Reeves JT (1992). Increased energy intake minimizes weight loss in men at high altitude. J Appl Physiol 72, 1741 1748.
4. Calbet JA, Boushel R, Rådegran G, Søndergaard H, Wagner PD Saltin B (2003a). Determinants of maximal oxygen uptake in severe acute hypoxia. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 284, R291 R303.
5. 2 content? Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 284, R304 R316.
6. Calbet JA, Rådegran G, Boushel R, Søndergaard H, Saltin B Wagner PD (2002). Effect of blood haemoglobin concentration on and cardiovascular function in lowlanders acclimatised to 5260 m. J Physiol 545, 715 728.
7. Calbet JA, Rådegran G, Boushel R, Søndergaard H, Saltin B Wagner PD (2004). Plasma volume expansion does not increase maximal cardiac output or in lowlanders acclimatized to altitude. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 287, H1214 H1224.
8. Cerretelli P (1976). Limiting factors to oxygen transport on Mount Everest. J Appl Physiol 40, 658 667.
9. Dallal CM, Sullivan-Halley J, Ross RK, Wang Y, Deapen D, Horn-Ross PL, Reynolds P, Stram DO, Clarke CA, Anton-Culver H, Ziogas A, Peel D, West DW, Wright W Bernstein L (2007). Long-term recreational physical activity and risk of invasive and in situ breast cancer: the California teachers study. Arch Intern Med 167 (4 408 415.
10. Dempsey JA, Hanson PG Henderson KS (1984). Exercise-induced arterial hypoxaemia in healthy human subjects at sea level. J Physiol 355, 161 175.
11. 2 transport during maximal exercise. J Appl Physiol 95, 1531 1541.
12. Frazer KA, Murray SS, Schork NJ Topol EJ (2009). Human genetic variation and its contribution to complex traits. Nat Rev Genet 10, 241 251.
13. Fulco CS, Kambis KW, Friedlander AL, Rock PB, Muza SR Cymerman A (2005). Carbohydrate supplementation improves time-trial cycle performance during energy deficit at 4,300-m altitude. J Appl Physiol 99, 867 876.
14. Fulco CS, Rock PB Cymerman A (1998). Maximal and submaximal exercise performance at altitude. Aviat Space Environ Med 69, 793 801.
15. Gore CJ, Hahn AG, Scroop GC, Watson DB, Norton KI, Wood RJ, Campbell DP Emonson DL (1996). Increased arterial desaturation in trained cyclists during maximal exercise at 580 m altitude. J Appl Physiol 80, 2204 2210.
16. Gore CJ, Little SC, Hahn AG, Scroop GC, Norton KI, Bourdon PC, Woolford SM, Buckley JD, Stanef T, Campbell DP, Watson DB Emonson DL (1997). Reduced performance of male and female athletes at 580 m altitude. Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol 75, 136 143.
17. Grocott M Montgomery H (2008). Genetophysiology: using genetic strategies to explore hypoxic adaptation. High Alt Med Biol 9, 123 129.
18. Grocott M, Richardson A, Montgomery H Mythen M (2007). Caudwell Xtreme Everest: a field study of human adaptation to hypoxia. Crit Care 11, 151.
19. Grocott MP, Martin DS, Levett DZ, McMorrow R, Windsor J Montgomery HE (2009). Arterial blood gases and oxygen content in climbers on Mount Everest. N Engl J Med 360, 140 149.
20. Grover RF, Weil JV Reeves JT (1986). Cardiovascular adaptation to exercise at high altitude. In Exercise and Sport Science Reviews, 14th edn, ed. Pandolf KB, pp. 269 302. Macmillan, New York, NY, USA.
21. Hansen J Sander M (2003). Sympathetic neural overactivity in healthy humans after prolonged exposure to hypobaric hypoxia. J Physiol 546, 921 929.
22. Harms CA, Wetter TJ, McClaran SR, Pegelow DF, Nickele GA, Nelson WB, Hanson P Dempsey JA (1998). Effects of respiratory muscle work on cardiac output and its distribution during maximal exercise. J Appl Physiol 85, 609 618.
23. Hoppeler H, Klossner S Vogt M (2008). Training in hypoxia and its effects on skeletal muscle tissue. Scand J Med Sci Sports 18 (Suppl 1 38 49.
24. Janicki JS, Sheriff DD, Robotham JL Wise RA (1996). Cardiac output during exercise: contribution of the cardiac, circulatory, and respiratory systems. In Handbook of Physiology, section 12, Exercise: Regulation and Integration of Multiple Systems, ed. Rowell LB & Shepherd JT, pp. 649 704. Oxford University Press, New York.
25. Kasperowski D (2009). Constructing altitude training standards for the 1968 Mexico Olympics: the impact of ideals of equality and uncertainty. Int J Hist Sport 26, 1263 1291.
26. Lockhart A Saiag B (1981). Altitude and the human pulmonary circulation. Clin Sci 60, 599 605.
27. Lorenzo VF, Yang Y, Simonson TS, Nussenzveig R, Jorde LB, Prchal JT Ge RL (2009). Genetic adaptation to extreme hypoxia: study of high-altitude pulmonary edema in a three-generation Han Chinese family. Blood Cells Mol Dis 43, 221 225. Epub 2009 May 29.
28. McVean G, Spencer CC Chaix R (2005). Perspectives on human genetic variation from the HapMap Project. PLoS Genet 1, e54.
29. Martin DS, Ince C, Goedhart P, Levett DZ Grocott MP (2009). Abnormal blood flow in the sublingual microcirculation at high altitude. Eur J Appl Physiol 106, 473 478.
30. Mazzeo RS (2008). Physiological responses to exercise at altitude: an update. Sports Med 38, 1 8.
31. Mazzeo RS, Bender PR, Brooks GA Butterfield GE, Groves BM, Sutton JR, Wolfel EE Reeves JT (1991). Arterial catecholamine responses during exercise with acute and chronic high-altitude exposure. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 261, E419 E424.
32. Montgomery HE, Marshall R, Hemingway H, Myerson S, Clarkson P, Dollery C, Hayward M, Holliman DE, Jubb M, World M, Thomas EL, Brynes AE, Saeed N, Barnard M, Bell JD, Prasad K, Rayson M, Talmud PJ Humphries SE (1998). Human gene for physical performance. Nature 393, 221 222.
33. Moudgil R, Michelakis ED Archer SL (2005). Hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction. J Appl Physiol 98, 390 403.
34. Prior SJ, Hagberg JM, Phares DA, Brown MD, Fairfull L, Ferrell RE Roth SM (2003). Sequence variation in hypoxia-inducible factor 1alpha (HIF1A): association with maximal oxygen consumption. Physiol Genomics 15, 20 26.
35. Pugh LGCE (1964a). Cardiac output in muscular exercise at 5,800 m (19,000 ft). J Appl Physiol 19, 441 447.
36. Pugh LGCE (1964b). Blood volme and haemoglobin concentration at altitudes above 18,000 ft. (5500 m). J Physiol 170, 344 354.
37. Reeves JT, Groves BM, Sutton JR, Wagner PD, Cymerman A, Malconian MK, Rock PB, Young PM Houston CS (1987). Operation Everest II: preservation of cardiac function at extreme altitude. J Appl Physiol 63, 531 539.
38. Reynafarje C, Lozono R Valdivieso J (1959). The polycythemia of high altitudes: iron metabolism and related aspects. Blood 14, 433 455.
39. Richalet JP, Larmignat P, Rathat C, Keromes A, Baud P Lhoste F (1988). Decreased cardiac response to isoproterenol infusion in acute and chronic hypoxia. J Appl Physiol 65, 1957 1961.
40. Rose MS, Houston CS, Fulco CS, Coates G, Sutton JR Cymerman A (1988). Operation Everest. II: Nutrition and body composition. J Appl Physiol 65, 2545 2551.
41. Sutton JR, Reeves JT, Wagner PD, Groves BM, Cymerman A, Wagner PD, Malconian MK, Rock PB, Young PM, Walter SD Houston CS (1988). Operation Everest II: oxygen transport during exercise at extreme simulated altitude. J Appl Physiol 64, 1309 1321. (Pubitemid 18116382)
42. Thompson J, Raitt J, Hutchings L, Drenos F, Bjargo E, Loset A, Grocott M Montgomery H for the Caudwell Xtreme Everest Research Group (2007). Angiotensin-converting enzyme genotype and successful ascent to extreme high altitude. High Alt Med Biol 8, 278 285.
43. Torre-Bueno JR, Wagner PD, Saltzman HA, Gale GE Moon RE (1985). Diffusion limitation in normal humans during exercise at sea level and simulated altitude. J Appl Physiol 58, 989 995.
44. Tsianos G, Eleftheriou KI, Hawe E, Woolrich L, Watt M, Watt I, Peacock A, Montgomery H Grant S (2005). Performance at altitude and angiotensin I-converting enzyme genotype. Eur J Appl Physiol 93, 630 633.
45. van Hall G (2007). Counterpoint: the lactate paradox does not occur during exercise at high altitude. J Appl Physiol 102, 2399 2401 discussion 2401-2402.
46. Vogel JA Harris CW (1967). Cardiopulmonary responses of resting man during early exposure to high altitude. J Appl Physiol 22, 1124 1128.
47. Vogel JA, Hartley LH, Cruz JC Hogan RP (1974). Cardiac output during exercise in sea-level residents at sea level and high altitude. J Appl Physiol 36, 169 172.
48. Wehrlin JP Hallen J (2006). Linear decrease in and performance with increasing altitude in endurance athletes. Eur J Appl Physiol 96, 404 412.
49. West JB, Schoene B Milledge JS (2007). High Altitude Medicine and Physiology, 3rd edn. Arnold, London.
50. Williams AG, Rayson MP, Jubb M, World M, Woods DR, Hayward M, Martin J, Humphries SE Montgomery HE (2000). The ACE gene and muscle performance. Nature 403, 614.
51. Wiseman C, Freer L Hung E (2006). Physical and medical characteristics of successful and unsuccessful summiteers of Mount Everest in 2003. Wilderness Environ Med 17, 103 108.
52. Young AJ, Cymerman A Burse RL (1985). The influence of cardiorespiratory fitness on the decrement in maximal aerobic power at high altitude. Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol 54, 12 15.
53. Young AJ, Sawka MN, Muza SR, Boushel R, Lyons T, Rock PB, Freund BJ, Waters R, Cymerman A, Pandolf KB Valeri CR (1996). Effects of erythrocyte infusion on VO2max at high altitude. J Appl Physiol 81, 252 259.