메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 52, Issue 2, 2010, Pages 199-205

Effects of antibiotics on expression and function of Toll-like receptors 2 and 4 on mononuclear cells in patients with advanced cirrhosis

Author keywords

Antibiotics; Cirrhosis; Cytokine; Endotoxin; Innate immunity; Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis; Toll like receptors

Indexed keywords

COTRIMOXAZOLE; NORFLOXACIN; TOLL LIKE RECEPTOR 2; TOLL LIKE RECEPTOR 4; TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR ALPHA;

EID: 75349083870     PISSN: 01688278     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2009.11.006     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (21)

References (48)
  • 1
    • 0036139042 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bacterial infections in cirrhosis: epidemiological changes with invasive procedures and norfloxacin prophylaxis
    • Fernandez J., Navasa M., Gomez J., Colmenero J., Vila J., Arroyo V., et al. Bacterial infections in cirrhosis: epidemiological changes with invasive procedures and norfloxacin prophylaxis. Hepatology 35 (2002) 140-148
    • (2002) Hepatology , vol.35 , pp. 140-148
    • Fernandez, J.1    Navasa, M.2    Gomez, J.3    Colmenero, J.4    Vila, J.5    Arroyo, V.6
  • 2
    • 0035720627 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intestinal dysfunction in liver cirrhosis: its role in spontaneous bacterial peritonitis
    • Ramachandran A., and Balasubramanian K.A. Intestinal dysfunction in liver cirrhosis: its role in spontaneous bacterial peritonitis. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 16 (2001) 607-612
    • (2001) J Gastroenterol Hepatol , vol.16 , pp. 607-612
    • Ramachandran, A.1    Balasubramanian, K.A.2
  • 3
    • 0023906337 scopus 로고
    • Recurrence of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis in cirrhosis: frequency and predictive factors
    • Tito L., Rimola A., Gines P., Llach J., Arroyo V., and Rodes J. Recurrence of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis in cirrhosis: frequency and predictive factors. Hepatology 8 (1988) 27-31
    • (1988) Hepatology , vol.8 , pp. 27-31
    • Tito, L.1    Rimola, A.2    Gines, P.3    Llach, J.4    Arroyo, V.5    Rodes, J.6
  • 4
    • 20244366840 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sepsis in cirrhosis: report on the 7th meeting of the International Ascites Club
    • Wong F., Bernardi M., Balk R., Christman B., Moreau R., Garcia-Tsao G., et al. Sepsis in cirrhosis: report on the 7th meeting of the International Ascites Club. Gut 54 (2005) 718-725
    • (2005) Gut , vol.54 , pp. 718-725
    • Wong, F.1    Bernardi, M.2    Balk, R.3    Christman, B.4    Moreau, R.5    Garcia-Tsao, G.6
  • 5
    • 34548487937 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Primary prophylaxis of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis delays hepatorenal syndrome and improves survival in cirrhosis
    • Fernandez J., Navasa M., Planas R., Montoliu S., Monfort D., Soriano G., et al. Primary prophylaxis of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis delays hepatorenal syndrome and improves survival in cirrhosis. Gastroenterology 133 (2007) 818-824
    • (2007) Gastroenterology , vol.133 , pp. 818-824
    • Fernandez, J.1    Navasa, M.2    Planas, R.3    Montoliu, S.4    Monfort, D.5    Soriano, G.6
  • 6
    • 0029091339 scopus 로고
    • Ciprofloxacin and long-term prevention of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis: results of a prospective controlled trial
    • Rolachon A., Cordier L., Bacq Y., Nousbaum J.B., Franza A., Paris J.C., et al. Ciprofloxacin and long-term prevention of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis: results of a prospective controlled trial. Hepatology 22 (1995) 1171-1174
    • (1995) Hepatology , vol.22 , pp. 1171-1174
    • Rolachon, A.1    Cordier, L.2    Bacq, Y.3    Nousbaum, J.B.4    Franza, A.5    Paris, J.C.6
  • 7
    • 0028901414 scopus 로고
    • Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole for the prevention of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis in cirrhosis: a randomized trial
    • Singh N., Gayowski T., Yu V.L., and Wagener M.M. Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole for the prevention of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis in cirrhosis: a randomized trial. Ann Intern Med 122 (1995) 595-598
    • (1995) Ann Intern Med , vol.122 , pp. 595-598
    • Singh, N.1    Gayowski, T.2    Yu, V.L.3    Wagener, M.M.4
  • 8
    • 1642535481 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of selective intestinal decontamination on the hyperdynamic circulatory state in cirrhosis. A randomized trial
    • Rasaratnam B., Kaye D., Jennings G., Dudley F., and Chin-Dusting J. The effect of selective intestinal decontamination on the hyperdynamic circulatory state in cirrhosis. A randomized trial. Ann Intern Med 139 (2003) 186-193
    • (2003) Ann Intern Med , vol.139 , pp. 186-193
    • Rasaratnam, B.1    Kaye, D.2    Jennings, G.3    Dudley, F.4    Chin-Dusting, J.5
  • 9
    • 0037847550 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Peripheral blood mononuclear cell expression of toll-like receptors and relation to cytokine levels in cirrhosis
    • Riordan S.M., Skinner N., Nagree A., McCallum H., McIver C.J., Kurtovic J., et al. Peripheral blood mononuclear cell expression of toll-like receptors and relation to cytokine levels in cirrhosis. Hepatology 37 (2003) 1154-1164
    • (2003) Hepatology , vol.37 , pp. 1154-1164
    • Riordan, S.M.1    Skinner, N.2    Nagree, A.3    McCallum, H.4    McIver, C.J.5    Kurtovic, J.6
  • 11
    • 0034886143 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Toll-like receptors: critical proteins linking innate and acquired immunity
    • Akira S., Takeda K., and Kaisho T. Toll-like receptors: critical proteins linking innate and acquired immunity. Nat Immunol 2 (2001) 675-680
    • (2001) Nat Immunol , vol.2 , pp. 675-680
    • Akira, S.1    Takeda, K.2    Kaisho, T.3
  • 12
    • 0033168728 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cutting edge: recognition of Gram-positive bacterial cell wall components by the innate immune system occurs via Toll-like receptor 2
    • Yoshimura A., Lien E., Ingalls R.R., Tuomanen E., Dziarski R., and Golenbock D. Cutting edge: recognition of Gram-positive bacterial cell wall components by the innate immune system occurs via Toll-like receptor 2. J Immunol 163 (1999) 1-5
    • (1999) J Immunol , vol.163 , pp. 1-5
    • Yoshimura, A.1    Lien, E.2    Ingalls, R.R.3    Tuomanen, E.4    Dziarski, R.5    Golenbock, D.6
  • 15
    • 0032742640 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inhibition of lipopolysaccharide-mediated NFkappaB activation by ethanol in human monocytes
    • Mandrekar P., Catalano D., and Szabo G. Inhibition of lipopolysaccharide-mediated NFkappaB activation by ethanol in human monocytes. Int Immunol 11 (1999) 1781-1790
    • (1999) Int Immunol , vol.11 , pp. 1781-1790
    • Mandrekar, P.1    Catalano, D.2    Szabo, G.3
  • 16
    • 0030885957 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Alcohol-induced regulation of nuclear regulatory factor-kappa beta in human monocytes
    • Mandrekar P., Catalano D., and Szabo G. Alcohol-induced regulation of nuclear regulatory factor-kappa beta in human monocytes. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 21 (1997) 988-994
    • (1997) Alcohol Clin Exp Res , vol.21 , pp. 988-994
    • Mandrekar, P.1    Catalano, D.2    Szabo, G.3
  • 17
    • 33644781712 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Moderate alcohol intake in humans attenuates monocyte inflammatory responses: inhibition of nuclear regulatory factor kappa B and induction of interleukin 10
    • Mandrekar P., Catalano D., White B., and Szabo G. Moderate alcohol intake in humans attenuates monocyte inflammatory responses: inhibition of nuclear regulatory factor kappa B and induction of interleukin 10. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 30 (2006) 135-139
    • (2006) Alcohol Clin Exp Res , vol.30 , pp. 135-139
    • Mandrekar, P.1    Catalano, D.2    White, B.3    Szabo, G.4
  • 18
    • 34250182690 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Acute alcohol exposure exerts anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting IkappaB kinase activity and p65 phosphorylation in human monocytes
    • Mandrekar P., Jeliazkova V., Catalano D., and Szabo G. Acute alcohol exposure exerts anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting IkappaB kinase activity and p65 phosphorylation in human monocytes. J Immunol 178 (2007) 7686-7693
    • (2007) J Immunol , vol.178 , pp. 7686-7693
    • Mandrekar, P.1    Jeliazkova, V.2    Catalano, D.3    Szabo, G.4
  • 19
    • 0031928131 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Alcohol causes both tolerance and sensitization of rat Kupffer cells via mechanisms dependent on endotoxin
    • Enomoto N., Ikejima K., Bradford B., Rivera C., Kono H., Brenner D.A., et al. Alcohol causes both tolerance and sensitization of rat Kupffer cells via mechanisms dependent on endotoxin. Gastroenterology 115 (1998) 443-451
    • (1998) Gastroenterology , vol.115 , pp. 443-451
    • Enomoto, N.1    Ikejima, K.2    Bradford, B.3    Rivera, C.4    Kono, H.5    Brenner, D.A.6
  • 20
    • 0015166045 scopus 로고
    • Natural history of alcoholic hepatitis. II. The long-term prognosis
    • Alexander J.F., Lischner M.W., and Galambos J.T. Natural history of alcoholic hepatitis. II. The long-term prognosis. Am J Gastroenterol 56 (1971) 515-525
    • (1971) Am J Gastroenterol , vol.56 , pp. 515-525
    • Alexander, J.F.1    Lischner, M.W.2    Galambos, J.T.3
  • 21
    • 0014266763 scopus 로고
    • Duration of survival in patients with Laennec's cirrhosis. Influence of alcohol withdrawal, and possible effects of recent changes in general management of the disease
    • Powell Jr. W.J., and Klatskin G. Duration of survival in patients with Laennec's cirrhosis. Influence of alcohol withdrawal, and possible effects of recent changes in general management of the disease. Am J Med 44 (1968) 406-420
    • (1968) Am J Med , vol.44 , pp. 406-420
    • Powell Jr., W.J.1    Klatskin, G.2
  • 22
    • 0000600879 scopus 로고
    • Spontaneous decrease in portal pressure with clinical improvement in cirrhosis
    • Reynolds T.B., Geller H.M., Kuzma O.T., and Redeker A.G. Spontaneous decrease in portal pressure with clinical improvement in cirrhosis. N Engl J Med 263 (1960) 734-739
    • (1960) N Engl J Med , vol.263 , pp. 734-739
    • Reynolds, T.B.1    Geller, H.M.2    Kuzma, O.T.3    Redeker, A.G.4
  • 23
    • 0030885636 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Historical aspects of treatment of patients with cirrhosis and ascites
    • Runyon B.A. Historical aspects of treatment of patients with cirrhosis and ascites. Semin Liver Dis 17 (1997) 163-173
    • (1997) Semin Liver Dis , vol.17 , pp. 163-173
    • Runyon, B.A.1
  • 24
    • 0038452748 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evidence for a CD14- and serum-independent pathway in the induction of endotoxin-tolerance in human monocytes and THP-1 monocytic cells
    • Heagy W., Hansen C., Nieman K., and West M.A. Evidence for a CD14- and serum-independent pathway in the induction of endotoxin-tolerance in human monocytes and THP-1 monocytic cells. Shock 19 (2003) 321-327
    • (2003) Shock , vol.19 , pp. 321-327
    • Heagy, W.1    Hansen, C.2    Nieman, K.3    West, M.A.4
  • 25
  • 26
    • 67650620771 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Endotoxin tolerance in sepsis: concentration-dependent augmentation or inhibition of LPS-stimulated macrophage TNF secretion by LPS pretreatment
    • [discussion 898-900]
    • West M.A., and Koons A. Endotoxin tolerance in sepsis: concentration-dependent augmentation or inhibition of LPS-stimulated macrophage TNF secretion by LPS pretreatment. J Trauma 65 (2008) 893-898 [discussion 898-900]
    • (2008) J Trauma , vol.65 , pp. 893-898
    • West, M.A.1    Koons, A.2
  • 27
    • 34250869345 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bench-to-bedside review: endotoxin tolerance as a model of leukocyte reprogramming in sepsis
    • Cavaillon J.M., and Adib-Conquy M. Bench-to-bedside review: endotoxin tolerance as a model of leukocyte reprogramming in sepsis. Crit Care 10 (2006) 233
    • (2006) Crit Care , vol.10 , pp. 233
    • Cavaillon, J.M.1    Adib-Conquy, M.2
  • 28
    • 0028220726 scopus 로고
    • Lactobacillus feeding reduces endotoxemia and severity of experimental alcoholic liver (disease)
    • Nanji A.A., Khettry U., and Sadrzadeh S.M. Lactobacillus feeding reduces endotoxemia and severity of experimental alcoholic liver (disease). Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 205 (1994) 243-247
    • (1994) Proc Soc Exp Biol Med , vol.205 , pp. 243-247
    • Nanji, A.A.1    Khettry, U.2    Sadrzadeh, S.M.3
  • 29
    • 0022510347 scopus 로고
    • Ethanol-induced liver fibrosis in rats fed high fat diet
    • Tsukamoto H., Towner S.J., Ciofalo L.M., and French S.W. Ethanol-induced liver fibrosis in rats fed high fat diet. Hepatology 6 (1986) 814-822
    • (1986) Hepatology , vol.6 , pp. 814-822
    • Tsukamoto, H.1    Towner, S.J.2    Ciofalo, L.M.3    French, S.W.4
  • 30
    • 0028796860 scopus 로고
    • Antibiotics prevent liver injury in rats following long-term exposure to ethanol
    • Adachi Y., Moore L.E., Bradford B.U., Gao W., and Thurman R.G. Antibiotics prevent liver injury in rats following long-term exposure to ethanol. Gastroenterology 108 (1995) 218-224
    • (1995) Gastroenterology , vol.108 , pp. 218-224
    • Adachi, Y.1    Moore, L.E.2    Bradford, B.U.3    Gao, W.4    Thurman, R.G.5
  • 31
    • 20244384395 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cutting edge: endotoxin tolerance in mouse peritoneal macrophages correlates with down-regulation of surface toll-like receptor 4 expression
    • Nomura F., Akashi S., Sakao Y., Sato S., Kawai T., Matsumoto M., et al. Cutting edge: endotoxin tolerance in mouse peritoneal macrophages correlates with down-regulation of surface toll-like receptor 4 expression. J Immunol 164 (2000) 3476-3479
    • (2000) J Immunol , vol.164 , pp. 3476-3479
    • Nomura, F.1    Akashi, S.2    Sakao, Y.3    Sato, S.4    Kawai, T.5    Matsumoto, M.6
  • 32
    • 34047149304 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Endotoxemia contributes to the immune paralysis in patients with cirrhosis
    • Lin C.Y., Tsai I.F., Ho Y.P., Huang C.T., Lin Y.C., Lin C.J., et al. Endotoxemia contributes to the immune paralysis in patients with cirrhosis. J Hepatol 46 (2007) 816-826
    • (2007) J Hepatol , vol.46 , pp. 816-826
    • Lin, C.Y.1    Tsai, I.F.2    Ho, Y.P.3    Huang, C.T.4    Lin, Y.C.5    Lin, C.J.6
  • 33
    • 0033930053 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mechanisms of endotoxin tolerance in patients with alcoholic liver cirrhosis: role of interleukin 10, interleukin 1 receptor antagonist, and soluble tumour necrosis factor receptors as well as effector cell desensitisation
    • von Baehr V., Docke W.D., Plauth M., Liebenthal C., Kupferling S., Lochs H., et al. Mechanisms of endotoxin tolerance in patients with alcoholic liver cirrhosis: role of interleukin 10, interleukin 1 receptor antagonist, and soluble tumour necrosis factor receptors as well as effector cell desensitisation. Gut 47 (2000) 281-287
    • (2000) Gut , vol.47 , pp. 281-287
    • von Baehr, V.1    Docke, W.D.2    Plauth, M.3    Liebenthal, C.4    Kupferling, S.5    Lochs, H.6
  • 34
    • 0033836743 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of lipopolysaccharide on TNF-alpha production, hepatic NOS2 activity, and hepatic toxicity in rats with cirrhosis
    • Heller J., Sogni P., Barriere E., Tazi K.A., Chauvelot-Moachon L., Guimont M.C., et al. Effects of lipopolysaccharide on TNF-alpha production, hepatic NOS2 activity, and hepatic toxicity in rats with cirrhosis. J Hepatol 33 (2000) 376-381
    • (2000) J Hepatol , vol.33 , pp. 376-381
    • Heller, J.1    Sogni, P.2    Barriere, E.3    Tazi, K.A.4    Chauvelot-Moachon, L.5    Guimont, M.C.6
  • 35
    • 1242269870 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • High-density lipoproteins reduce the effect of endotoxin on cytokine production and systemic hemodynamics in cirrhotic rats with ascites
    • Ramirez M.J., Ibanez A., Navasa M., Casals E., Morales-Ruiz M., Jimenez W., et al. High-density lipoproteins reduce the effect of endotoxin on cytokine production and systemic hemodynamics in cirrhotic rats with ascites. J Hepatol 40 (2004) 424-430
    • (2004) J Hepatol , vol.40 , pp. 424-430
    • Ramirez, M.J.1    Ibanez, A.2    Navasa, M.3    Casals, E.4    Morales-Ruiz, M.5    Jimenez, W.6
  • 36
    • 0028149418 scopus 로고
    • Translocation of gut bacteria in rats with cirrhosis to mesenteric lymph nodes partially explains the pathogenesis of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis
    • Runyon B.A., Squier S., and Borzio M. Translocation of gut bacteria in rats with cirrhosis to mesenteric lymph nodes partially explains the pathogenesis of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis. J Hepatol 21 (1994) 792-796
    • (1994) J Hepatol , vol.21 , pp. 792-796
    • Runyon, B.A.1    Squier, S.2    Borzio, M.3
  • 37
    • 0028110155 scopus 로고
    • Bacterial translocation in cirrhotic rats. Its role in the development of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis
    • Llovet J.M., Bartoli R., Planas R., Cabre E., Jimenez M., Urban A., et al. Bacterial translocation in cirrhotic rats. Its role in the development of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis. Gut 35 (1994) 1648-1652
    • (1994) Gut , vol.35 , pp. 1648-1652
    • Llovet, J.M.1    Bartoli, R.2    Planas, R.3    Cabre, E.4    Jimenez, M.5    Urban, A.6
  • 38
    • 13344277344 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Selective intestinal decontamination with norfloxacin reduces bacterial translocation in ascitic cirrhotic rats exposed to hemorrhagic shock
    • Llovet J.M., Bartoli R., Planas R., Vinado B., Perez J., Cabre E., et al. Selective intestinal decontamination with norfloxacin reduces bacterial translocation in ascitic cirrhotic rats exposed to hemorrhagic shock. Hepatology 23 (1996) 781-787
    • (1996) Hepatology , vol.23 , pp. 781-787
    • Llovet, J.M.1    Bartoli, R.2    Planas, R.3    Vinado, B.4    Perez, J.5    Cabre, E.6
  • 39
    • 0029064469 scopus 로고
    • Bacterial translocation to mesenteric lymph nodes is increased in cirrhotic rats with ascites
    • Garcia-Tsao G., Lee F.Y., Barden G.E., Cartun R., and West A.B. Bacterial translocation to mesenteric lymph nodes is increased in cirrhotic rats with ascites. Gastroenterology 108 (1995) 1835-1841
    • (1995) Gastroenterology , vol.108 , pp. 1835-1841
    • Garcia-Tsao, G.1    Lee, F.Y.2    Barden, G.E.3    Cartun, R.4    West, A.B.5
  • 40
    • 0021338879 scopus 로고
    • Reticuloendothelial system phagocytic activity in cirrhosis and its relation to bacterial infections and prognosis
    • Rimola A., Soto R., Bory F., Arroyo V., Piera C., and Rodes J. Reticuloendothelial system phagocytic activity in cirrhosis and its relation to bacterial infections and prognosis. Hepatology 4 (1984) 53-58
    • (1984) Hepatology , vol.4 , pp. 53-58
    • Rimola, A.1    Soto, R.2    Bory, F.3    Arroyo, V.4    Piera, C.5    Rodes, J.6
  • 41
    • 0028014410 scopus 로고
    • Clinical significance of the evaluation of hepatic reticuloendothelial removal capacity in patients with cirrhosis
    • Bolognesi M., Merkel C., Bianco S., Angeli P., Sacerdoti D., Amodio P., et al. Clinical significance of the evaluation of hepatic reticuloendothelial removal capacity in patients with cirrhosis. Hepatology 19 (1994) 628-634
    • (1994) Hepatology , vol.19 , pp. 628-634
    • Bolognesi, M.1    Merkel, C.2    Bianco, S.3    Angeli, P.4    Sacerdoti, D.5    Amodio, P.6
  • 42
    • 0029154970 scopus 로고
    • Macrophage function in cirrhosis and the risk of bacterial infection
    • Guarner C., and Runyon B.A. Macrophage function in cirrhosis and the risk of bacterial infection. Hepatology 22 (1995) 367-369
    • (1995) Hepatology , vol.22 , pp. 367-369
    • Guarner, C.1    Runyon, B.A.2
  • 43
    • 0028081826 scopus 로고
    • Impaired function of macrophage Fc gamma receptors and bacterial infection in alcoholic cirrhosis
    • Gomez F., Ruiz P., and Schreiber A.D. Impaired function of macrophage Fc gamma receptors and bacterial infection in alcoholic cirrhosis. N Engl J Med 331 (1994) 1122-1128
    • (1994) N Engl J Med , vol.331 , pp. 1122-1128
    • Gomez, F.1    Ruiz, P.2    Schreiber, A.D.3
  • 44
    • 0031008871 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Acquired C3 deficiency in patients with alcoholic cirrhosis predisposes to infection and increased mortality
    • Homann C., Varming K., Hogasen K., Mollnes T.E., Graudal N., Thomsen A.C., et al. Acquired C3 deficiency in patients with alcoholic cirrhosis predisposes to infection and increased mortality. Gut 40 (1997) 544-549
    • (1997) Gut , vol.40 , pp. 544-549
    • Homann, C.1    Varming, K.2    Hogasen, K.3    Mollnes, T.E.4    Graudal, N.5    Thomsen, A.C.6
  • 45
    • 0033840758 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In vivo neutrophil dysfunction in cirrhotic patients with advanced liver disease
    • Fiuza C., Salcedo M., Clemente G., and Tellado J.M. In vivo neutrophil dysfunction in cirrhotic patients with advanced liver disease. J Infect Dis 182 (2000) 526-533
    • (2000) J Infect Dis , vol.182 , pp. 526-533
    • Fiuza, C.1    Salcedo, M.2    Clemente, G.3    Tellado, J.M.4
  • 46
    • 0021858183 scopus 로고
    • Opsonic activity of human ascitic fluid: a potentially important protective mechanism against spontaneous bacterial peritonitis
    • Runyon B.A., Morrissey R.L., Hoefs J.C., and Wyle F.A. Opsonic activity of human ascitic fluid: a potentially important protective mechanism against spontaneous bacterial peritonitis. Hepatology 5 (1985) 634-637
    • (1985) Hepatology , vol.5 , pp. 634-637
    • Runyon, B.A.1    Morrissey, R.L.2    Hoefs, J.C.3    Wyle, F.A.4
  • 48
    • 0027216281 scopus 로고
    • Effect of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor on leukocyte function in cirrhosis
    • Garcia-Gonzalez M., Boixeda D., Herrero D., and Burgaleta C. Effect of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor on leukocyte function in cirrhosis. Gastroenterology 105 (1993) 527-531
    • (1993) Gastroenterology , vol.105 , pp. 527-531
    • Garcia-Gonzalez, M.1    Boixeda, D.2    Herrero, D.3    Burgaleta, C.4


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.