The role of transcription factor Pitx3 in dopamine neuron development and Parkinson's disease

Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry

Volumn 9, Issue 10, 2009, Pages 855-859

  Li, Jia ^a   Dani, John A ^a   Le, Weidong ^a  

^a BAYLOR COLLEGE OF MEDICINE   (United States)

Author keywords

Aphakia; Mesostriatal; Nurr1; Parkinsonian; Pituitary homeobox; Rieg1; Substantia nigra; Transcription factor 3

Indexed keywords

MICRORNA; TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR; TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR PITX3;

DNA POLYMORPHISM; FEEDBACK SYSTEM; MESENCEPHALON; NERVE CELL DIFFERENTIATION; NONHUMAN; PARKINSON DISEASE; PROTEIN EXPRESSION; PROTEIN FUNCTION; REVIEW; SUBSTANTIA NIGRA; VENTRAL TEGMENTUM;

ANIMALS; DOPAMINE; HOMEODOMAIN PROTEINS; HUMANS; NEURONS; PARKINSON DISEASE; TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS;

EID: 74249098205     PISSN: 15680266     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2174/156802609789378236     Document Type: Review

References (42)

1. Lamonerie, T.; Tremblay, J.J.; Lanctot, C.; Therrien, M.; Gauthier, Y.; Drouin, J. Ptx1, a bicoid-related homeobox transcription factor involved in transcription of the pro-opiomelanocortin gene. Genes Dev. 1996, 10, 1284-1295.
2. Gage, P.J.; Camper, S.A. Pituitary homeobox 2, a novel member of the bicoid-related family of homeobox genes, is a potential regulator of anterior structure formation. Hum. Mol. Genet. 1997, 6, 457-464.
3. Smidt, M.P.; van Schaick, H.S.; Lanctot, C.; Tremblay, J.J.; Cox, J.J.; van der Kleij, A.A.; Wolterink, G.; Drouin, J.; Burbach, J.P. A homeodomain gene Ptx3 has highly restricted brain expression in mesencephalic dopaminergic neurons. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 1997, 94, 13305-13310.
4. Semina, E.V.; Reiter, R.S.; Murray, J.C. Isolation of a new homeobox gene belonging to the Pitx/Rieg family: expression during lens development and mapping to the aphakia region on mouse chromosome 19. Hum. Mol. Genet. 1997, 6, 2109-2116.
5. Brouwer, A.; ten Berge, D.; Wiegerinck, R.; Meijlink, F. The OAR/aristaless domain of the homeodomain protein Cart1 has an attenuating role in vivo. Mech. Dev. 2003, 120, 241-252.
6. Björklund, A.; Lindvall, O. Dopamine-containing systems in the CNS. In Classical Transmitters in the CNS, Part I. Björklund, A.; and Hökfelt, T.; Eds.; Elsevier: Amsterdam, 1984; pp. 55-122.
7. Smidt, M.P.; Burbach, J.P. How to make a mesodiencephalic dopaminergic neuron. Nat. Rev. 2007, 8, 21-32.
8. Wallen, A.; Perlmann, T. Transcriptional control of dopamine neuron development. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 2003, 991, 48-60.
9. Chinta, S.J.; Andersen, J.K. Dopaminergic neurons. Int. J. Biochem. Cell Biol. 2005, 37, 942-946.
10. Ye, W.; Shimamura, K.; Rubenstein, J.L.; Hynes, M.A.; Rosenthal, A. FGF and Shh signals control dopaminergic and serotonergic cell fate in the anterior neural plate. Cell 1998, 93, 755-766.
11. Ho, K.S.; Scott, M.P. Sonic hedgehog in the nervous system: functions, modifications and mechanisms. Curr. Opin. Neurobiol. 2002, 12, 57-63.
12. Burbach, J.P.; Smidt, M.P. Molecular programming of stem cells into mesodiencephalic dopaminergic neurons. Trends Neurosci. 2006, 29, 601-603.
13. Andersson, E.; Tryggvason, U.; Deng, Q.; Friling, S.; Alekseenko, Z.; Robert, B.; Perlmann, T.; Ericson, J. Identification of intrinsic determinants of midbrain dopamine neurons. Cell 2006, 124, 393-405.
14. Bayer, H.M.; Glimcher, P.W. Midbrain dopamine neurons encode a quantitative reward prediction error signal. Neuron 2005, 47, 129-141.
15. Smits, S.M.; Ponnio, T.; Conneely, O.M.; Burbach, J.P.; Smidt, M.P. Involvement of Nurr1 in specifying the neurotransmitter identity of ventral midbrain dopaminergic neurons. Eur. J. Neurosci. 2003, 18, 1731-1738.
16. Jacobs, F.M.; van Erp, S.; van der Linden, A.J.; von Oerthel, L.; Burbach, J.P.; Smidt, M.P. Pitx3 potentiates Nurr1 in dopamine neuron terminal differentiation through release of SMRT-mediated repression. Development 2009, 136, 531-540.
17. Maxwell, S.L.; Ho, H.Y.; Kuehner, E.; Zhao, S.; Li, M. Pitx3 regulates tyrosine hydroxylase expression in the substantia nigra and identifies a subgroup of mesencephalic dopaminergic progenitor neurons during mouse development. Dev. Biol. 2005, 282, 467-479.
18. Smidt, M.P.; Smits, S.M.; Bouwmeester, H.; Hamers, F.P.; van der Linden, A.J.; Hellemons, A.J.; Graw, J.; Burbach, J.P. Early developmental failure of substantia nigra dopamine neurons in mice lacking the homeodomain gene Pitx3. Development 2004, 131, 1145-1155.
19. Nunes, I.; Tovmasian, L.T.; Silva, R.M.; Burke, R.E.; Goff, S.P. Pitx3 is required for development of substantia nigra dopaminergic neurons. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 2003, 100, 4245-4250.
20. Varnum, D.S.; Stevens, L.C. Aphakia, a new mutation in the mouse. J. Hered. 1968, 59, 147-150.
21. Semina, E.V.; Murray, J.C.; Reiter, R.; Hrstka, R.F.; Graw, J. Deletion in the promoter region and altered expression of Pitx3 homeobox gene in aphakia mice. Hum. Mol. Genet. 2000, 9, 1575-1585.
22. Rieger, D.K.; Reichenberger, E.; McLean, W.; Sidow, A.; Olsen, B.R. A double-deletion mutation in the Pitx3 gene causes arrested lens development in aphakia mice. Genomics 2001, 72, 61-72.
23. Cazorla, P.; Smidt, M.P.; O'Malley, K.L.; Burbach, J.P. A response element for the homeodomain transcription factor Ptx3 in the tyrosine hydroxylase gene promoter. J. Neurochem. 2000, 74, 1829-1837.
24. Lebel, M.; Gauthier, Y.; Moreau, A.; Drouin, J. Pitx3 activates mouse tyrosine hydroxylase promoter via a high-affinity binding site. J. Neurochem. 2001, 77, 558-567.
25. Seroogy, K.B.; Lundgren, K.H.; Tran, T.M.; Guthrie, K.M.; Isackson, P.J.; Gall, C.M. Dopaminergic neurons in rat ventral midbrain express brain-derived neurotrophic factor and neurotrophin-3 mRNAs. J. Comp. Neurol. 1994, 342, 321-334.
26. Lin, L.F.; Doherty, D.H.; Lile, J.D.; Bektesh, S.; Collins, F. GDNF: a glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor for midbrain dopaminergic neurons. Science 1993, 260, 1130-1132.
27. Gash, D.M.; Zhang, Z.; Ovadia, A.; Cass, W.A.; Yi, A.; Simmerman, L.; Russell, D.; Martin, D.; Lapchak, P.A.; Collins, F.; Hoffer, B.J.; Gerhardt, G.A. Functional recovery in parkinsonian monkeys treated with GDNF. Nature 1996, 380, 252-255.
28. Skaper, S.D.; Negro, A.; Facci, L.; Dal Toso, R. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor selectively rescues mesencephalic dopaminergic neurons from 2,4,5-trihydroxyphenylalanine-induced injury. J. Neurosci. Res. 1993, 34, 478-487.
29. Yang, D.; Peng, C.; Li, X.; Fan, X.; Li, L.; Ming, M.; Chen, S.; Le, W. Pitx3-transfected astrocytes secrete brain-derived neurotrophic factor and glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor and protect dopamine neurons in mesencephalon cultures. J. Neurosci. Res. 2008, 86, 3393-3400.
30. Beck, K.D.; Irwin, I.; Valverde, J.; Brennan, T.J.; Langston, J.W.; Hefti, F. GDNF induces a dystonia-like state in neonatal rats and stimulates dopamine and serotonin synthesis. Neuron 1996, 16, 665-673.
31. Guillin, O.; Diaz, J.; Carroll, P.; Griffon, N.; Schwartz, J.C.; Sokoloff, P. BDNF controls dopamine D3 receptor expression and triggers behavioural sensitization. Nature 2001, 411, 86-89.
32. Jacobs, F.M.; Smits, S.M.; Noorlander, C.W.; von Oerthel, L.; van der Linden, A.J.; Burbach, J.P.; Smidt, M.P. Retinoic acid counteracts developmental defects in the substantia nigra caused by Pitx3 deficiency. Development 2007, 134, 2673-2684.
33. Ruvkun, G. Molecular biology. Glimpses of a tiny RNA world. Science 2001, 294, 797-799.
34. Lagos-Quintana, M.; Rauhut, R.; Lendeckel, W.; Tuschl, T. Identification of novel genes coding for small expressed RNAs. Science 2001, 294, 853-858.
35. Lau, N.C.; Lim, L.P.; Weinstein, E.G.; Bartel, D.P. An abundant class of tiny RNAs with probable regulatory roles in Caenorhabditis elegans. Science 2001, 294, 858-862.
36. Kosik, K.S. The neuronal microRNA system. Nat. Rev. 2006, 7, 911-920.
37. Kim, J.; Inoue, K.; Ishii, J.; Vanti, W.B.; Voronov, S.V.; Murchison, E.; Hannon, G.; Abeliovich, A. A MicroRNA feedback circuit in midbrain dopamine neurons. Science 2007, 317, 1220-1224.
38. Fuchs, J.; Mueller, J.C.; Lichtner, P.; Schulte, C.; Munz, M.; Berg, D.; Wullner, U.; Illig, T.; Sharma, M.; Gasser, T. The transcription factor PITX3 is associated with sporadic Parkinson's disease. Neurobiol. Aging 2007, 30, 731-738.
39. Bergman, O.; Hakansson, A.; Westberg, L.; Nordenstrom, K.; Carmine Belin, A.; Sydow, O.; Olson, L.; Holmberg, B.; Eriksson, E.; Nissbrandt, H. PITX3 polymorphism is associated with early onset Parkinson's disease. Neurobiol. Aging 2008, (in press).
40. Martinat, C.; Bacci, J.J.; Leete, T.; Kim, J.; Vanti, W.B.; Newman, A.H.; Cha, J.H.; Gether, U.; Wang, H.; Abeliovich, A. Cooperative transcription activation by Nurr1 and Pitx3 induces embryonic stem cell maturation to the midbrain dopamine neuron phenotype. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 2006, 103, 2874-2879.
41. O'Keeffe, F.E.; Scott, S.A.; Tyers, P.; O'Keeffe, G.W.; Dalley, J.W.; Zufferey, R.; Caldwell, M.A. Induction of A9 dopaminergic neurons from neural stem cells improves motor function in an animal model of Parkinson's disease. Brain 2008, 131, 630-641.
42. Trzaska, K.A.; Kuzhikandathil, E.V.; Rameshwar, P. Specification of a dopaminergic phenotype from adult human mesenchymal stem cells. Stem Cells 2007, 25, 2797-2808.